1、一一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：1.简单句（简单句（Simple Sentence)2.并列句（并列句（Compound Sentence)3.复合句复合句（Complex Sentence)主语主语 谓语（谓语（不及物不及物动词）动词）She came/My head aches.主语主语 谓语（及物动词）谓语（及物动词）宾语宾语 She likes English.主语主语 谓语（双谓语（双宾宾动词）动词）间宾直宾间宾直宾 She gave John a book She bought a book for me.主语主语 谓语（宾谓语（宾补补动词）动词）
2、宾语宾补宾语宾补 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 She is happyThere+be There lies a book on the desk.英语简单句的基本句型英语简单句的基本句型并列句并列句用用分号分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用用分号分号，后跟一个连接副词：，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.用用并列连词
3、并列连词（如（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.简单句简单句+并列连词或分号并列连词或分号+简单句简单句复合句复合句副词性从句（副词性从句（状语从句状语从句）：）：Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry形容词性从句（形容词性从句（定语从句定语从句）：）：She is the girl who sings best in my class.名词性从句（名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）W
4、hat I mean is to work harder.简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句定语：用于修饰名词或代词Please show me another ticket.Australia is an English-speaking country.A traveller is a person whothat travels是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份 从句：Focus onFocus on基本含义和用法基本含义和用法在复合句中用来修饰主句中的名词和代在复合句中用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做词的从句就叫做定语从句定语从句。简单句简单句+关系代词关系代词/副词副
5、词+简单句简单句the people surprised That in the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.定语从句定语从句antecedent 先行词先行词修饰修饰二.定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词：关系代词、关系副词 引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置指代内容指代内容所作成分所作成
6、分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.(3)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.
7、(4)The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.1.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾 语，作语，作宾语宾语时常可时常可省略省略。(1)Where is the man(that/whom)I saw this morning?(2)The person(that/whom)you introduced to me is very kind.(3)The season that/which comes after spring is summer.(4)Yester
8、day I received a letter that/which came from Australia.2.that指指人人时，相当于时，相当于who或或whom；指指物物时，相当于时，相当于which。在定语从句中作。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语或宾语，作宾语宾语时常可时常可省略省略。(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)A person who steals things is called a thief.3.who指人，作主语或宾语指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省作宾语可省略）。略）。(1)The
9、man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.(2)The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.4.whom指人，作宾语指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如作宾语可省略，如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)用法用法1.先行词为先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰修饰3.先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物4.先行词被先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the onl
10、y，the very，the last，just，right等修饰等修饰5.先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句中引导的主句中先行词是先行词是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等等一般一般用用that而而不用不用which一般一般用用who不用不用that(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I talked with the man whose house was destroyed in the flood.(3)The classroom whose door is broken
11、will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?5.whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。名词为所属关系。whose既可指人，也可既可指人，也可指物。指物。1.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用在下列情况下，一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something that you can borrow.我肯定她有你可以借的东西。我肯定她有你可以借的东西。D
12、o you have anything that you dont understand?你有什么不明白的吗？你有什么不明白的吗？（1 1）先行词为）先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词等不定代词 This is the first book(that)he has read.这是他读的第一本书。这是他读的第一本书。This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。（2 2）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词被序数词或最高级
13、修饰（3 3）先行词既有人又有物）先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.他们谈论他们记得的人和事。他们谈论他们记得的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.你看那人和他的驴，正走在街上。你看那人和他的驴，正走在街上。（4 4）先行词被）先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the last，just，right等修饰等修饰。I
14、ve read all the books that are written by him.他写的书我都读过了。他写的书我都读过了。This is the very book that belongs to him.这正是他的书。这正是他的书。（5 5）先行词是）先行词是who或或which引导的主句中。引导的主句中。Who is the girl that drove the car?开车的女孩是谁？开车的女孩是谁？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件哪件T恤衫最适合我？恤衫最适合我？2.当先行词是当先行词是one，ones，anybody，an
15、yone，all，none，those等等,指人时一般用指人时一般用who不用不用that。Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.那些想去看电影的人将在学校门口等着。那些想去看电影的人将在学校门口等着。Anyone who breaks the laws should be punished.任何违反法律的人都应该受到惩罚。任何违反法律的人都应该受到惩罚。Ive told all who will attend the meeting.我已经通知所有与会人员。我已经通知所有与
16、会人员。1.When we werent playing on the court which was next to our building,we were watching a game on TV.2.Pauls favourite player was a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets.3.Paul was someone who worked really hard for the team.4.He didnt know hed soon get the chance that hed been waiting for.5.Th
17、ey were playing The Bears,a team whose record was perfect.Read the sentences.Circle the relative pronouns and underline the relative clauses.P32 9Complete the sentences with relative pronouns.1.Have you found the keys _ you lost?2.We stayed at a hotel _ Tom recommended to us.3.The people _ work in t
18、he office are very friendly.4.Whats the name of the man _ car you borrowed?5.The man _ I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.P33 12that/whichthat/whichwho/thatwhosewho/thatCircle the relative pronouns that can be left out.单句改错1.This is the longest train which I have ever seen.2.Whic
19、h we all know,swimming is a very good sport.3.The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.4.The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.5.He is a man of great experience,from who much can be learned.whichthatWhichAs去掉itwhichwhenwhowhom6.Chapin,for who money
20、 is now no problem,starts a new film company with his friends.7.It was a meeting that importance I didnt realize at that time.8.They have decided to stay at home,that is,I think,a wise choice.9.Ill tell you all what he told me last week.10.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whom family was poo
21、r.whowhomthatwhosethatwhichwhatthatwhomwhose语法填空 The books on the desks,1.covers are shiny,are prizes for us.The book is well written and well printed.There are few,if any,mistakes in it.This is the book 2.I have read dozens of times.When you read the book,youd better make a mark 3.you have any ques
22、tions.From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge 4.helps us to seek the truth.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work 5.a good impression is a must.whosethat/whichwherethat/whichwhereI am looking forward to the day 6.my daughter can
23、read this book and know my feelings for her.I borrowed another book from the library last week,7.my classmate recommended to me.To be honest,I don really like the author.It is not such a book 8.can be considered exciting.Besides,I just cant understand the way 9.he describes things,which might be the
24、 reason 10.his works are not widely read.whenwhichasthatwhy1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.1 The nurse is kind.2 The nurse looks after my sister.The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.合并下列句子。1 Kevin is reading a book.2 The boo
25、k is too difficult for him.Kevin is reading a book which/that is too difficult for him.1 I have a friend.2 He likes listening to classical music.I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.1 Many people were afraid to swim in the sea.2 They saw the film Jaws.Many people who/that saw
26、the film Jaws were afraid to swim in the sea.1 It is about a big white shark.2 It attacks swimmers.It is about a big white shark which/that attacks swimmers.1 I know the doctor.2 His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.1 Have you seen my book?2 The books cover is red.Have you seen my book whose cover is red?
