1、Unit 3 Discover useful structuresThe-ing form as the subjectLearning objectivesIn this class you will Learn how to annalyse and identify the uses ofing forms;Recognize and summarize the function and meaning of the-ing form as the subject;Put what has been learnt into practice.Find more sentences wit
2、h the ing form1.I wake up to the sound of the wind _the cloth of my tent.2.Close by,there are a few reindeer_ on grass.feedingbuffeting V-ing as attribute动词动词ing 做定语做定语Find more sentences with the ing form1._ out before me,branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below.2.Around 9,000 years
3、 ago,this ice melted,_behind about 100 glaciers.3.But every spring,a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek,_in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions.4.Here I am,alone under this broad sky,_the fresh air,and enjoying this great adventure.leavingSprea
4、ding V-ing as adverbial动词动词ing 做状语做状语livingbreathingFind more sentences with the ing form1.For example,this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire,dried reindeer meat,and some sweet and sour berries that I found_ near my tent.growing V-ing as complement动词动词ing 做宾补做宾补Find more sentence
5、s with the ing form1.Even though the sun is brightly shining,_ whether it is morning or night is impossible.2._ here is quite difficult,so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.3.For hundreds of years,_ after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.4._ in such a beautiful and wild
6、 place makes me feel blessed to be alive.Gettingtelling V-ing as subject动词动词ing 做主语做主语lookingBeing功能功能句子句子作定语I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent.Close by,there are a few reindeer feeding on grass.作主语Even though the sun is brightly shining,telling whether it is morning o
7、r night is impossible.Getting here is quite difficult,so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.For hundreds of years,looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.作状语Spreading out before me,branches
8、 of the Rapa River flow through the valley below.Around 9,000 years ago,this ice melted,leaving behind about 100 glaciers.But every spring,a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek,living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions.Here I am,alone under
9、this broad sky,breathing the fresh air,and enjoying this great adventure.作宾补For example,this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire,dried reindeer meat,and some sweet and sour berries that I found growing near my tent.V-ing form as subjeV-ing form as subjectct1Observe and discover 1Tr
10、avelling is a good way to relax.Playing basketball makes our body strong.Listening,speaking,reading and writing _(be)basic skills of a language.Sitting and talking to old friends _(be)a pleasant way to spend an evening.areis单个v-ing 作主语，谓语动词用_;两个或两个以上表达不同意义的v-ing 作主语，谓语动词用_;单数单数复数复数动名词做主语表达方式一Observe
11、 and discover 2Playing video gamesisa waste of time.Itisa waste of timeplaying video games.It在句首作形式主语，动词在句首作形式主语，动词-ing形式后置形式后置作真正的主语，用形容词或名词作表语作真正的主语，用形容词或名词作表语。动名词做主语表达方式二Observe and discover 2It在句首作形式主语，动词在句首作形式主语，动词-ing形式后置形式后置作真正的主语，用形容词或名词作表语作真正的主语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语常见的名词或名词短语 常见的形容词常见的形容词n
12、o use,no good,fun,a waste of time worthwhile,uselessIt+be+a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没用处的是没用处的It is/was worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的It is/was fun doing做做是有趣的是有趣的It is/was useless doing 做做.是没用的是没用的动名词做主语表达方式二Observe and discover 21.说服他加入我们就是在浪费时间说服他加入我们就是在浪费时间。2
13、.在这儿等是没用的在这儿等是没用的,我们走吧。我们走吧。3.在教育上花钱是值得的。在教育上花钱是值得的。Its a waste of time persuading him to join us.It is worthwhile spending money on education.Its no use waiting here.Lets go.Observe and discover 3和不诚实的人交朋友是没有好处的。和不诚实的人交朋友是没有好处的。1.There is no good making friends with the dishonest men.There beno动词动词
14、ing 无法无法;不允许不允许2.There is no joking about such a matter.这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。动名词做主语表达方式三Observe and discover 41)Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.不知道如何使用电脑使不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。他更难进行学术研究。2)Not having done his homework makes the teacher angry.未完
15、成他的作业让老师很生气。未完成他的作业让老师很生气。动词动词-ing形式的否定形式形式的否定形式通常是通常是在其前加在其前加not,动词动词-ing形式的否定形式形式的否定形式随堂练习随堂练习1）_(read)aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.2)Going to bed early and getting up early _(be)considered to be a good habit.3)It is no use_(cry)over spilt milk.4)_(Not finish)his home
16、work makes him upset.ReadingiscryingNot finishingObserve and discover 51)Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。2)Marys being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很心烦。玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很心烦。3)Wang Mins passing the exam made her very happy王敏通过这次考试使她很高兴。王敏通过这次考试使她很高兴。4)His being late
17、again made his teacher very angry.他再次迟到让老师很生气。他再次迟到让老师很生气。Observe and discover 51)Her not coming to help discouraged all of us.她不来帮忙让我们所有人感到灰心。她不来帮忙让我们所有人感到灰心。2)Marys not being ill made her mother relieved.玛丽没有生病，这使她妈妈很欣慰。玛丽没有生病，这使她妈妈很欣慰。动词动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个形式加了一个逻辑主语逻辑主语。动
18、词动词-ing形式的否定形式带有逻辑主语时，形式的否定形式带有逻辑主语时，not 应放在逻辑主语和应放在逻辑主语和-ing 形式之间。形式之间。随堂练习随堂练习1)他早上起晚了，这导致他上课迟到了。他早上起晚了，这导致他上课迟到了。_ in the morning made him late for class.2)饭后散步是一个很好的习惯。饭后散步是一个很好的习惯。_ is a very good habit.3)Marys_(marry)such an old man made us all surprised.Walking after a mealHis getting up late
19、marrying动词动词-ing-ing和动词不定式做主语的区别和动词不定式做主语的区别Delivering newspapers is his job.送报纸是他的工作。To deliver newspapers is his job today.送报纸是他今天的工作。1.1.动词动词-ing-ing形式形式通常表示抽象动作，通常表示抽象动作，往往是普通的、一往往是普通的、一般的行为般的行为；且表示已知的事情或经验。且表示已知的事情或经验。2.2.动词不定式动词不定式作主语则表示作主语则表示某次具体动作或行为某次具体动作或行为；且表；且表示未完成的事情或未达成的目的。示未完成的事情或未达成的
20、目的。动词动词-ing-ing和动词不定式做主语的区别和动词不定式做主语的区别1.1.动词动词-ing-ing形式形式通常表示抽象动作，通常表示抽象动作，往往是普通的、一往往是普通的、一般的行为般的行为；且表示已知的事情或经验。且表示已知的事情或经验。2.2.动词不定式动词不定式作主语则表示作主语则表示某次具体动作或行为某次具体动作或行为；且表；且表示未完成的事情或未达成的目的。示未完成的事情或未达成的目的。Climbing mountains can be hard work.爬山会相当辛苦爬山会相当辛苦。To climb the mountains was hard work but as
21、 we looked around us we were surprised by the view.(指一般经常性道理)(具体爬那些山行为，这对那次旅游的具体场合而言)随堂练习随堂练习1）_(Sing)is my hobby,and_(sing)on my friends birthday party is my dream.2)He said,“_(go on)like this is useless.”Singingto singingto going onExample:It is challenging yet really fascinating to hike through t
22、he mountains in the pathless Sarek.What does it refer?Hiking through the mountains in the pathless Sarek is challenging yet really fascinating.RewriteRewrite the following sentences with-ing form as the subject.1.Honestly,it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land.Honestly
23、,exploring a vast unknown land can be both exciting and terrifying.RewriteRewrite the following sentences with-ing form as the subject.用用it作形式主语前置时作形式主语前置时，句子，句子侧重于表语侧重于表语部分部分，强调强调行为的行为的特征特征、状态状态或或给人的给人的感受感受。动词动词-ing形式作主语前置时形式作主语前置时，句子，句子侧重于侧重于主语部分主语部分，强调强调行为本身的行为本身的具体内容具体内容。2 It would hardly be pos
24、sible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold.Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter would hardly be possible due to the extreme cold.3 Honestly,it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land.Honestly,exploring a vast unknown land can be both excit
25、ing and terrifying.Rewrite the following sentences with-ing form as the subject.4 It is good to adopt a positive attitude,even when things are difficult.Adopting a positive attitude is good,even when things are difficult.5 It is strongly advised to hire local guides,because they can offer accurate k
26、nowledge of Sarek culture and history.Hiring local guides is strongly advised,because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history.Rewrite the following sentences with-ing form as the subject.2.Fill in each blank using the-ing form of a verb from the box and state its function.One
27、word will be used bine/cover/grow/take/limit/walk/experienceXixi National Wetland Park,_10 square kilometres in western Hangzhou,is the first national wetland park in China._ city life,nature,and wetlands makes the park a popular destination both for tourists and local residents.At Xixi,_a boat tour
28、,_ along paths,and _ local customs and traditions of the villages in this park are at the top of the list of peoples favourite activities.With trees,bushes,and colourful flowers _ along the coveringCombiningtakingwalkingexperiencingattributesubjectsubjectsubjectsubjectgrowingattributeriversides,the
29、park shows different sides of beauty in different seasons.In order to better develop as well as preserve this place,_ human impact on Xixi Wetland was considered by the park designers.All the new buildings were designed in a traditional way to fit into the natural environment.This green,watery world
30、 is home to many birds and fishes.With trees _in the shallows,the wetland is a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen,which makes it the“green lungs of Hangzhou.growinglimitingsubjectattributecombine/cover/grow/take/limit/walk/experience动词-ing形式作主语动词原形+-ing:表示经常性或习惯性的动作且常放句首形容词性物主代词+动词-ing名词所有格+动词-ing动词-ing作 主 语动词-ing的复合结构Its a waste time doing sthIts useless doing sthit 作形式主语动词原形+-ing基本构成基本用法动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别There is no doing 结构Homework 1.完成76页练习2.完成优化探究76-77页练习题以及194页练习题
