1、自然与环境自然与环境高考话题十三话题解读话题解读 “自然与环境自然与环境”是高中新课程标准是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。关注社会
2、环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。高考探究高考探究 “自然与环境自然与环境”是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。例如：书面表达的形式考查。例如：2016年北京卷阅读理解年北京卷阅读理解C篇；篇；2016上海卷上海卷阅读理解阅读理解B篇；篇；2016四川卷书面表达；四川卷书面表达；2015安徽卷完形填空；安徽卷完形填空；2014年新年新课标全国卷课标全国卷阅读理解阅读理解B篇等。篇等。你校计划进行一次宣传活动，主题是保护人类共同的朋友你校计划进行一次宣传活动，主题是保护人类共同的朋友动物。动物。现请你就此写一份宣
3、传材料，内容包括动物的生存现状、动物对于人类现请你就此写一份宣传材料，内容包括动物的生存现状、动物对于人类的重要性等，并且在最后提出倡议。的重要性等，并且在最后提出倡议。话题晨背 积累素材 佳作欣赏佳作欣赏Dear friends，Have you noticed that the number of rare animals is on the decrease？With our environment going worse，many animals cant adapt themselves to the new changes so that many species are enda
4、ngered or have even died out.Besides，human activity also has a great influence on them.For example，people often kill them in order to get their meat or fur.Animals are our friends.They play an important role in keeping the balance of nature.We cant live without them.Whats more，both humans and animal
5、s should share the earth equally.To show our love to animals can definitely help us live more happily.To conclude，please remember your care can make a difference.Join us in protecting our best friendsanimals.名师点睛名师点睛本文层次清楚，第一段描写动物受到威胁的现状，第二段是动物对本文层次清楚，第一段描写动物受到威胁的现状，第二段是动物对人类的重要性，第三段提出了倡议。作者的遣词造句还有以
6、下特点：人类的重要性，第三段提出了倡议。作者的遣词造句还有以下特点：(1)短语的有效运用。文中出现了大量的短语，如：短语的有效运用。文中出现了大量的短语，如：on the decrease，adapt oneself to，die out，have a great influence on，in order to，play an important role in，make a difference等的恰当使用丰富了文章的语言，等的恰当使用丰富了文章的语言，也有助于准确地表达文意。也有助于准确地表达文意。(2)较复杂句式的使用也是该文的一个亮点，较复杂句式的使用也是该文的一个亮点，如：如：wi
7、th复合结构和复合结构和so that引导的结果状语从句。引导的结果状语从句。(3)作者成功地使用了作者成功地使用了多个副词来表达强烈的感情，如：多个副词来表达强烈的感情，如：equally，definitely等。等。词句排查语境巩固直击重点突破考点内容索引研究高考与话题提高词汇运用能力词句排查语境巩固.写作必记单词写作必记单词1.n.行为行为 v.举止，表现举止，表现2.n.&vt.毁坏，损害毁坏，损害3.vt.破坏，破坏，毁坏毁坏 n.破坏，毁灭破坏，毁灭4.adj.远的；远处远的；远处的的 n.距离距离重点单词重点单词1behaviourbehavedamagedestroydista
8、ntdistancedestruction5.n.努力，艰难的尝试努力，艰难的尝试6.n.&vt.影响影响7.vt.许可，许可，允许允许 n.许可证许可证 n.允许，许可允许，许可8.n.污染污染 vt.使污染使污染9.vt.防止，防止，预防预防effortinfluencepermitpermissionpollutionpolluteprevent10.vt.保护保护 n.保护保护11.vt.回收；回收；再循环再循环12.n.志愿者志愿者13.vt.&n.浪费；滥用；废料浪费；滥用；废料14.v.挥手；向挥手；向致意致意 n.波浪；挥手波浪；挥手protectprotectionrecyc
9、levolunteerwavewaste.阅读识记单词阅读识记单词15.advocate vt._16.atmosphere n._17.blow vt._ n._18.challenging adj._19.decrease v._20.decline v._拥护，支持；提倡拥护，支持；提倡大气；气氛大气；气氛吹；刮吹；刮吹；重击吹；重击具有挑战性的具有挑战性的减少，变小减少，变小减少，下降；衰退；谢绝减少，下降；衰退；谢绝21.disappearance n._ vi.消失，失踪消失，失踪22.ecology n._23.environment n._24.evolution n._25.
10、extinction n._26.garbage n._27.harvest n.&vt._28.harmony n._消失消失disappear生态，生态学生态，生态学环境环境进化，演变进化，演变灭绝灭绝垃圾垃圾收割，收获收割，收获(物物)和谐和谐29.irrigate vt._30.material n._31.primitive adj._32.preserve vt._33.protection n._34.punishment n._35.puzzled adj._36.radiation n._灌溉灌溉原料；材料原料；材料原始的，远古的原始的，远古的保护；保留，保存保护；保留，保存
11、保护保护惩罚惩罚迷惑不解的迷惑不解的放射，放射物放射，放射物37.responsibility n._ adj.有责任的，应负责任的有责任的，应负责任的38.rubbish n._39.substitute vt._40.survival n._责任，负责责任，负责responsible垃圾；废物垃圾；废物取代，代替取代，代替存活，幸存存活，幸存语境活用 用所给词的正确形式填空用所给词的正确形式填空1.Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average (survive)time in the wild is now just un
12、der eight years.(2016北京北京)2.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing (behave)in a group.(2016浙江浙江)3.Video games can be a poor (influent)if left in the wrong hands.(2015湖南湖南)survivalbehavioursinfluence4.From a (distant)，Lucy switched on the prerecorded sound of angry bees
13、while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera.(2014安徽安徽)5.I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental (protect).(2016全国全国)6.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme，but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a (vo
14、lunteer)basis.(2016上海上海)distanceprotectionvoluntary7.Group exercise is (challenge)，yet fun and empowering！(2015福建福建)8.If it werent for Rachel Carson，the (environment)movement might not exist today.(2016全国全国)9.At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to (punishment)them.
15、10.This morning，when I was walking on the street，I saw that two travelers were reading a map，looking (puzzle).challengingenvironmentalpunishpuzzled1.号召号召/呼吁某人做某事呼吁某人做某事2.砍倒砍倒3.灭绝灭绝4.对对有危害有危害5.对对有灾难性的影响有灾难性的影响6.与与和谐和谐相处相处7.阻止阻止做做高频短语高频短语2call on sb.to do sth.cut downdie outdo harm tohave disastrous e
16、ffect onlive in harmony withprevent.from.8.用完用完；耗尽；耗尽9.采取采取措施做某事措施做某事10.对对负责任负责任run outtake steps/measures/action to do sth.take/be responsibility for语境活用运用上述短语完成片段运用上述短语完成片段 Recently many trees in the forest 1.(被砍倒被砍倒)by the farmers，which 2.(给给带来很大危害带来很大危害)nature.Many animals and plants have 3.(灭绝灭
17、绝).This will 4._ (对对有灾难性的影响有灾难性的影响)human being.I think human beings should 5.(对对负责负责)their actions and 6._ (与与和谐共处和谐共处)nature.The government should 7._ to 8.(阻止他们阻止他们)doing these things again and 9.(号召号召)them to plant more trees.were cut downdid great harm todied outhave disastrouseffect ontake resp
18、onsibility forlive inharmony withtakemeasures/steps/actionprevent them fromcall on1.with复合结构复合结构With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting increasingly worse.在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。仿写仿写 Tori的眼睛闪着光吹嘘道，的眼睛闪着光吹嘘道，“我敢打赌，我敢打赌，Sean两天
19、前告诉我两天前告诉我的。的。”(2016浙江浙江)，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.”经典句式经典句式3With her eyes shining2.Its(high)time that.Its high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。仿写仿写 是我该着手考虑那篇文章的时候了。是我该着手考虑那篇文章的时候了。Its time I thinki
20、ng about that essay.got down to3.3.过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语Faced with this situation，we are supposed to raise the awareness of environmental protection.面对这种情况，我们应该提高环境保护的意识。面对这种情况，我们应该提高环境保护的意识。仿写仿写 因为被灌木丛中的蛇咬到，苏珊被送回到露营地。因为被灌木丛中的蛇咬到，苏珊被送回到露营地。，Susan was sent back to the camp.Bitten by the snake in the b
21、ush直击重点突破考点边讲边练突破核心词汇自主训练突破常考词汇点拨规律突破经典句型(1)Once the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.一旦造成损害，要花费许多年的时间耕地才能恢复。一旦造成损害，要花费许多年的时间耕地才能恢复。(2015北京北京)(2)An oil ship in a terrorist attack in Red Sea.一艘油轮在红海因遭到恐怖袭击而受损。一艘油轮在红海因遭到恐怖袭击而受损。1damage n.&v.损害；伤害；破坏损害；伤害；破坏突破核心词汇边讲边练s
22、uffered damagecause/do damage to对对造成损害造成损害suffer damage遭受损害遭受损害repair damage修复损害修复损害名师点评名师点评名词名词damage的复数意为的复数意为“赔偿费赔偿费”。基础知识训练基础知识训练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)What was said is really (damage).(2)Smoking does great damage ones health.写作能力提升写作能力提升句式升级句式升级(3)His reputation was damaged，and he regretted having done
23、 so.(用用with复合结构改写复合结构改写)，he regretted having done so.层级训练层级训练damagingtoWith his reputation damaged(1)When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane，she found her neighborhood was destroyed.飓风过后，飓风过后，Natalie回到回到Rockaway，她发现她居住的街区被毁了。，她发现她居住的街区被毁了。(2016北京北京)(2)All hopes of a peaceful settlement
24、 by his speech.和平解决的希望都被他的讲话给毁了。和平解决的希望都被他的讲话给毁了。2destroy vt.破坏；毁掉破坏；毁掉were destroyeddestroy，damage，ruin(1)destroy表示毁灭性的破坏，不能或很难修复。多指不可抵抗的外界表示毁灭性的破坏，不能或很难修复。多指不可抵抗的外界力量造成的损害。力量造成的损害。(2)damage一般指局部地、可修复地、非彻底地损害、伤害。主要用作一般指局部地、可修复地、非彻底地损害、伤害。主要用作及物动词，可用于被动结构；作名词时，表示及物动词，可用于被动结构；作名词时，表示“损害损害”。(3)ruin亦指彻
25、底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。词义辨析词义辨析用用destroy，damage，ruin的正确形式填空的正确形式填空(1)After the earthquake，many buildings ，but the local people still repaired the ones and built some new ones to keep their hometown from comin
26、g to .用用destroy的正确形式填空的正确形式填空(2)Smoking his health，he is quite weak now.(3)His hope ，he felt helpless.即时训练即时训练were destroyeddamagedruindestroyingdestroyed(1)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围
27、的世界的该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。基本过程。(2016浙江浙江)(2)He begins writing his friend，Robert Frost.他在朋友罗伯特他在朋友罗伯特弗罗斯特的影响下写诗。弗罗斯特的影响下写诗。3influence n.影响；有影响的人影响；有影响的人(或事物或事物)v.影响影响under the influence ofbe influenced by受受的影响的影响have an influence on对对起作用起作用/有影响有影响under the influence of在在的影响下的影响下基础知识训练基础知
28、识训练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)What exactly is the influence of television children?(2)Its all too easy to be influenced our parents.(3)The language we speak is said (influence)the way we think.层级训练层级训练onbyto influence写作能力提升写作能力提升同义句改写同义句改写(4)Van Gogh had an influence on the development of modern painting.Van Go
29、gh the development of modern painting.Van Gogh the development of modern painting.influenced/affectedhad an effect on(1)With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food，students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.除了用小微波炉热饭外，学生不允许在他们的房间里做饭。除了用小微波炉热饭外，学生不允许在他们的房间里做饭。(2015天津天津)(2)T
30、he owners dont permit cars in front of the shops.店主们不允许在其商店门口停车。店主们不允许在其商店门口停车。4permit v.允许；许可；准许允许；许可；准许 n.通行证；许可证；执照通行证；许可证；执照parking(1)permit sb.to do sth.permit sb.sth.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 permit doing sth.允许做某事允许做某事 permit of容许容许(常用于否定句常用于否定句)(2)ask for permission请求许可请求许可with/without ones permissionw
31、ith/without the permission of sb.获取获取某人同意某人同意/没有获得某人许可没有获得某人许可基础知识训练基础知识训练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)I was permitted (talk)to the prisoner and the guards permitted me (bring)my camera and tape recorder.(2)The facts permit no other explanation.(3)He asked for (permit)to leave the room.(4)Pages cant be copied the
32、 permission of the publisher.层级训练层级训练to talkto bringofpermissionwithout写作能力提升写作能力提升句式升级句式升级(5)If time permits，I will visit the Great Wall.(用独立主格结构改写用独立主格结构改写)，I will visit the Great Wall.Time permitting(1)We must find ways to protect our environment.我们必须找到保护环境的方法。我们必须找到保护环境的方法。(2015全国全国)(2)The chick
33、s are of the hen.小鸡们在母鸡的保护下。小鸡们在母鸡的保护下。5protect vt.保卫，防卫保卫，防卫under the protection(1)protect.from保护保护不受不受(危害危害)protect.against.保护保护免受免受(的伤害的伤害)(强调较大的事情，如战强调较大的事情，如战争、灾害、威胁等争、灾害、威胁等)(2)protection n.U保护；保护；C保护者；防护物；保护费保护者；防护物；保护费under the protection of在在的保护下的保护下名师点拨名师点拨keep sb.from doingstop sb.(from)d
34、oingprevent sb.(from)doing阻阻止某人做止某人做(在主动语态中，与在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的搭配的from可以省略；可以省略；被动语态中被动语态中from均不可省略。均不可省略。)基础知识训练基础知识训练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)The (protect)of the country is the duty of everyone.(2)Some animals can protect themselves their enemies by changing their colours.(3)This medicine will protect
35、you a return of the illness.层级训练层级训练protectionfromagainst写作能力提升写作能力提升句式升级句式升级(4)The trees are protected by teachers and students and they grow well.(用过去分词短语作状语改写用过去分词短语作状语改写)，the trees grow well.Protected by teachers and students(1)Light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals.光污染对动物的视力造成伤害。光
36、污染对动物的视力造成伤害。(2015浙江浙江)(2)taking something to relieve a headache.吃点药缓解头痛也没什么大的坏处。吃点药缓解头痛也没什么大的坏处。6do harm to 给给带来危害带来危害Theres no great harm in(1)do harm to sb.do sb.harm伤害某人伤害某人cause harm to sb.伤害某人伤害某人mean no harm to.对对没有恶意没有恶意There is no harm in doing.做做无害处无害处(2)harmful adj.有害的有害的be harmful to.对对有
37、害有害(3)harmless adj.无害的无害的词义辨析词义辨析harm，injure，wound，hurt(1)harm意为意为“伤害，损害伤害，损害”，表示肉体或精神上受到伤害，也表示对，表示肉体或精神上受到伤害，也表示对环境的伤害。环境的伤害。(2)injure意为意为“伤害伤害”，多指事故中人或物受到损伤，也表示损害名，多指事故中人或物受到损伤，也表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。誉、伤害感情等。(3)wound意为意为“使受伤，伤害使受伤，伤害”，主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身体，主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身体上较重的伤害。上较重的伤害。(4)hurt意为意为“疼痛，受伤疼痛，受伤”，既可指
38、肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。感情上的伤害。基础知识训练基础知识训练用用harm，injure，wound，hurt的正确形式填空的正确形式填空(1)Being in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.(2)The doctor was performing the operation on the boy in the battle.(3)If you want to the environment，you have to pay to do it，and I
39、agree with that.(4)Youll her feelings if you forget her birthday.层级训练层级训练injuredwoundedharmhurt单句改错单句改错(5)His film was a complete failure，and this did his reputation a lot of harms.harm写作能力提升写作能力提升一句多译一句多译(6)如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。If used improperly，the medicine will .(harm n.)If used
40、 improperly，the medicine will .(harmful)do/cause harm to you/do youharmbe harmful to you(1)My patience was running out.我有点忍无可忍了。我有点忍无可忍了。(朗文词典朗文词典)(2)So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply time before seeing them all.北京提供了如此多的名胜古迹以至于大多数游客用光了所有时间也没北京提供了如此多的名胜古迹以至于大多数游
41、客用光了所有时间也没有看完。有看完。7run out 结束；用完结束；用完(主语为物，无被动语态主语为物，无被动语态)run out ofrun out of(人人)用完；从用完；从中流出中流出/跑出跑出run across跑着穿过；偶然碰见跑着穿过；偶然碰见run after追捕；跟踪；追求追捕；跟踪；追求run away跑开；逃走跑开；逃走run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等困难等)in the long run从长远来看从长远来看基础知识训练基础知识训练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)One day she happened to run Xiao Liu.(2
42、)The changes in the city will cost quite a lot，but they will save us money the long run.(3)If you run two hares，you will catch neither.(4)Lost in thought，he almost ran the car in front of him.(5)In the future，care for the environment will become very important as earths natural resources run .(6)A s
43、oldier will not run in face of danger.层级训练层级训练acrossinafterintooutaway写作能力提升写作能力提升同义句改写同义句改写(7)He ran out of his ink.(用用his ink作主语改写作主语改写)_His ink was run out of/ran out/gave out/was used up.(1)Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it?我们仅仅是敷衍还是采取实际措施去保护它呢？我们仅仅是敷衍还是采取实际
44、措施去保护它呢？(2)Could you the height of the wall for me?你能为我量一下墙的高度吗？你能为我量一下墙的高度吗？(朗文词典朗文词典)8take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事采取措施做某事measuremeasure n.措施；方法；尺度；标准；计量单位；措施；方法；尺度；标准；计量单位；v.测量；度量；量度测量；度量；量度为；估量；判定为；估量；判定make sth.to ones measure照某人的尺寸做某物照某人的尺寸做某物measure.by.用用来衡量来衡量基础知识训练基础知识训练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)You
45、 should take effective (measure)to improve your working conditions.(2)Please make a suit my measure.(3)Urgent measures (take)to prevent car emission；but even so，its influence is still great enough to cause smog and acid rain.(4)Education shouldnt (measure)purely by examination results.层级训练层级训练measur
46、estohave been takenbe measured写作能力提升写作能力提升句式升级句式升级(5)There are some tall trees on the hill and some measure 30 meters.(用独用独立主格结构改写立主格结构改写)There are some tall trees on the hill，.some measuring 30 meterssubstitute v.替换；用替换；用代替代替 n.代替物代替物(品品)；代替者；代替者突破常考词汇自主训练9 层级训练层级训练基础知识训练基础知识训练用用substitute，replace的
47、正确形式填空的正确形式填空(1)The driver the wornout tires with new ones.(2)He for the teacher who was in hospital.replacedsubstituted写作能力提升写作能力提升一句多译一句多译(3)史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。Mr.Smith who was sick.(substitute for)Mr.Smith who was sick.(take the place of)Mr.Smith who was sick.(in place of)substituted
48、 for the teachertook the place of the teacherwas in place of the teacher词义词义辨析辨析substitute，replace(1)这两个词的含义略有不同，这两个词的含义略有不同，substitute强调强调“代替，顶替代替，顶替”；而；而replace强调强调“替换，更换替换，更换”，即把旧的或坏的东西更换成新的，即把旧的或坏的东西更换成新的(通常用通常用take the place of更通俗些更通俗些)。(2)在句型结构上，通常是：在句型结构上，通常是：substitute A for B“用用A代替代替B”(使用使用
49、A)；replace A with/by B“用用B替换替换A”(使用使用B)。短语填空短语填空call on sb.to do sth.号召号召/呼吁某人做某事呼吁某人做某事10call on，call off，call up，call for(1)The picnic because of the rain.(2)Lets stop off and Tim and his family.(3)These pictures memories of those beautiful days when they stayed in Hainan during the summer holiday
50、.(4)I called the bakery on my way home.was called offcall oncall upat名师点拨名师点拨call at地点拜访某个地方地点拜访某个地方call on人拜访某人人拜访某人call off停止做停止做；取消；取消call up召唤；使回忆起；提出；打电话；征召入伍召唤；使回忆起；提出；打电话；征召入伍短语填空短语填空die out 灭亡；逐渐消失；过时灭亡；逐渐消失；过时11die out，die away，die off，die down，die of，be dying to(1)According to statistics，a
