1、The Object Clause宾语从句宾语从句 We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句 一 什么 是宾语从句？试比较Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员宇航员)?Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.Please tell me w
2、here she has gone.I dont know if he will come tonight.Lets find out whats on tonight.Find out the Object Clauses We are proud of that Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world .宾语从句宾语从句(The object clause)定义：定义：复合句中，复合句中，放在动词或放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾叫宾语从句。语从句。宾语从句学习要点：宾语从句学习要点：一、引导词一、引导词二、
3、语序二、语序三三、时态、时态四、宾语从句和简单句转换四、宾语从句和简单句转换五、直接引语间接引语转换五、直接引语间接引语转换六、否定转移，宾语从句的反意疑问句，标点六、否定转移，宾语从句的反意疑问句，标点三三要要素素2.由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。充当句子成份。e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is?（谁的，作定语）（谁的，作定语）2)Could you tell me why th
4、e train is late?（为（为什么，作状语）什么，作状语）3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，（谁，作主语）作主语）注：注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。e.g.I hear(that)he will be back in an hour.1.由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句一一.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词3.由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.I want t
5、o know if/whether she is right.They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not.if/whether 表示表示“是否是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。之义，在句中不充当句子成份。4.If 与whether 的区别1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is handsome.3.He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4._ he will come is not decided.与与or no
6、t 连用只能用连用只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether看一看：看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains,Ill stay at home.I want to know when he will come back.When he comes back,please tell me.想一想：想一想：when和和if 可以引导什么从句？它们可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？的时态有什么特点？whenwhen和
7、和if if 既可以引导既可以引导宾语从句宾语从句，也可以引导，也可以引导状状语从句语从句。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循在状语从句中，遵循主将从现主将从现的原则的原则。5.If/when 区别练习区别练习:1.If it _(rain)tomorrow，I wont come.2.He didnt tell me if it _(rain)tomorrow.3.I dont know if he _(come)tomorrow.If he_(come),Ill tell you.4.When it _(stop)raining,well
8、go swimming.5.Could you tell me when the film _(start)?Ill leave for a moment.would rainrainswill comecomesstopswill start如果如果是否是否是否是否如果如果当当.的时候的时候什么时候什么时候填写合适的引导词填写合适的引导词 1 Can you tell me_you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.that 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A.what B.if C.when D.
9、where 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who 4 She didnt know_ back soon.A.whether he would be B.if would he be C.he will be CABB 5.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A.whether B where C.what D.when 6.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A.w
10、hat B when C why D how7.He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose8.He asked his friend _ to go there or not.A.if B whether C.what D.that CAABHelen says that she will learn French next year.Do you know where he comes from?He asked me if I could get to the bus station on time.二二.宾
11、语从句的语序宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用都是运用陈述句的语序陈述句的语序，即是，即是“主语在前，主语在前，谓语在后谓语在后”的顺序。的顺序。改一改改一改 将下列问句变成陈述句。1.Can he swim?swim.2.Does he have a pen?a pen.3.Which place did he go to?Which place .4.Whats wrong with you?.5.What happened to you?.6.Which is the way to the 想一想想一想 为什么4，5，6 语序不
12、变？He canHe hashe went toWhat happened to youWhats wrong with you 说一说说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。Which is the way to the station Can you tell me/I want to know/I wonder/Please tell me?e.g.Can you tell me if/whether he can swim?3.下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。1.I think that he will
13、come to China next year.2.I want to know if he was at home yesterday.3.Can you tell me where does your mother work?4.Do you know who can answer the question?5.Please tell us where is the hospital?your mother works the hospital isTTTFF三三.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.
14、Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的
15、时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong K
16、ong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或
17、者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）现在时态。（特殊性原则）He told me(that)Summer is after Spring.I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me(that)no news is good news.比一比比一比Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live?2
18、 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn.4 Do you know who car it is?wasiswhose课堂检测课堂检测5 Linda said the moon_ around the earth.A.traveled B.has traveled C.travels D.had traveledC时态练习时态练习1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C
19、.takes D.will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A.has never gone B.had never gone C.has never been D.had never been3 Could you tell me whether they_ a dictation today.A.had B.has.C.will have D.areADCCould you tell me+宾语从句？表达的是委婉宾语从句？表达的是委婉的语气，是一般现在时。的语气，是一般现在时。比一比 I dont know where I shou
20、ld go.Tell me how I can do it.I dont know where to go.Tell me how to do it.你有什么发现？结论：由wh-词引导的宾语从句 疑问词+to do 的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主 (2).主(间间)宾从主练一练1.I dont know what I shall do next.(变为简单句）I dont know next.2.John didnt decide which book he would buy.(变为简单句）John didnt decide .3.Can you tell me how to get to
21、 the bus stop?(变为复合句）Can you tell me the bus stop?4.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5.(变为复合句）Can you tell Lucy the MP5.五.宾语从句与简单句的转换What to dowhich book to buyhow I can get to how she can use五、直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系五、直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He said,“You are younger than I”.2.He says,“Tom
22、 is a good student”.He said that I was younger than him.He says that Tom is a good student.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句e.g.1.She said,“Do you often come here to read newspaper?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?”he asked.She asked if(whether)I often came here to
23、read newspaper.He asked if(whether)they would go to visit the Great Wall.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系特殊疑问句变为特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句等引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He asked,“Where do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.He asked where I lived.He asked how they could get to the post-offic
24、e.将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at
25、the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.其它问题其它问题否定的转移否定的转移：当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose且且为一般现在时为一般现在时且且主语为第主语为第1人称时人称时,其后的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。其后的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。如：如：1.I donbelieve he is right.我认为他
26、不对我认为他不对 2.She believes he doesnt study harder.3.I thought that he wouldnt come back soon.4.We dont think that he is fit for the job.Translate the following sentences.1.我认为不会下雨我认为不会下雨 I _ that it _.2.我认为你的答案不对我认为你的答案不对.I _your answer right.我们相信他还没走。我们相信他还没走。We _ that he _.dont think will raindont th
27、inkisdont believe has gone 反意疑问句：反意疑问句：1.一般主谓肯否都根据主句判断一般主谓肯否都根据主句判断：如：如：They all think that English is very useful,dont they?He didnt think that the news is true,did he?She didnt say that he would come here,_?2.当主句主语为当主句主语为I/we，主句动词为，主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，等，则则肯否根据主句肯否根据主句判断，但判断，但主主谓根据从句判断谓根据从句
28、判断：We think that English is very useful,isnt it?We dont believe that the news is true,is it?I dont think he is serious,_?I believe he can finish it on time,_?is hecant hedid she 标点符号的确定标点符号的确定：带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句取决于主句。主句是主句是 陈述句陈述句:。He asked me where I went just now.问句：问句：？Do you
29、 know when hell be back?一、引导词一、引导词 if/whether区别区别 特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+to do二、语序二、语序 what is the matter?（怎么了？）语序不变（怎么了？）语序不变三三、时态、时态如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象,仍用一般现在仍用一般现在时时Could you tell me?四、四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、反意疑问句五、反意疑问句 一般看主句一般看主句I+think,believe,suppose,guess等主谓看从句等主
30、谓看从句六、否定转移六、否定转移 宾语从句六注意：宾语从句六注意：1.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了我不知道飞机为什么晚点了.I didnt know_the plane_ _.2.他问我会议什么时候开始他问我会议什么时候开始.He asked me _the meeting _ _.3.没人知道他是什么时候出生的没人知道他是什么时候出生的.No one knows _he _ _.whywas latewhenwould beginwhenwas born4.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大The teacher told his students the sun _ _ than the moon.5.我不能肯定他来还是不来我不能肯定他来还是不来.Im not sure _ he _ _ or not.is biggerwhetherwill comeThanks
