1、人教版英语八年级上册期末复习语法知识复习1）不定代词some,any,no,every与-one,-body,-thing构成复合代词。我们称之为复合不定代词。everyanysomenothingeverything一切anything任何事物something某物,某事nothing没有东西bodyeverybody每人anybody 任何人somebody某人nobody没有人oneeveryone每人anyone 任何人someone某人none没有人语法一：语法一：复合不定代词复合不定代词2）当形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定
2、代词时，放在这些词的后面。3）这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。例如：Is everybody here?大家都到齐了吗？4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句及疑问句中。例如：Did you do anything interesting?你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why dont you visit someone with me?你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）练一练()1.Im hungry.I want _
3、 to eat.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing()2.Do you have _ to say for yourself?No,I have _ to say.A.something;everything B.nothing;somethingC.everything;anything D.anything;nothing()3.Why not ask _ to help you?A.everyone B.someone C.anyone D.none()4.Everything _ ready.We can start now.A.
4、areB.isC.beD.were D B BB()5.Have you heard of _ about Jeremy Lin(林书豪)?Yes.He did quite well in the last NBA basketball match.Aanything exciting Bsomething interesting Canything humorous Dsomething important()6.How do you like the two pieces of music?_ of them are interesting.Ive listened to them sev
5、eral times.ABoth BAll CNone DNeither()7.Who helped Li Lei with his English?_，he learnt it by himself.AAnybody BSomebody CNobody DEverybodyA A C 语法二：一般过去时态语法二：一般过去时态1 一般过去时的基本用法 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week,last night,in 2003,two days ago等。例如：I got up
6、at 6:30 yesterday.我昨天6:30起床。My father was very busy last week.我父亲上周很忙。在一般过去时态中，谓语动词要用原形动词的过去式形式。2 动词过去式变化规则：(1)一般在动词后加-ed。如：playplayed,offeroffered,weighweighed(2)在以字母 e 结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked,provideprovided(3)在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改 y 为 i，再加 ed。如：supplysupplied,flyflied,study studied.(4)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结
7、尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned,referreferred,regretregretted,banbanned.(5)不规则动词的变化要单独记忆。如：cost-cost come-came run-ran mean-meant lose-lost have-had()2.Who cleaned the room yesterday?Tom _.Acleaned Bdoes Cdid DisC 语法三：描述事情发生的频率语法三：描述事情发生的频率描述事情发生的频率，可以用频率副词，也可以用具体的时间状语表达频率副词：always，u
8、sually，often，sometimes，hardly ever，seldom，never具体时间状语every day，once a week，three times a week，twice a monthtwo or three times a week对频率进行提问用how often练一练()1.How often does he write e-mails to his friend?_.AOnce a month BIn a week CFor half an hour DEach Monday()2.He _ gets up early,so he is_late for
9、school.Aalways;always Balways;never Cever;always Dnever;never()3.It is terrible.Its raining so _that we can_ go out.Ahard;hardly Bhard;hard Chardly;hard Dhardly;hardly A A B 语法四：语法四：形容词或副词的比较级形容词或副词的比较级tallfastnicethinearlyoutgoing原形原形比较级比较级 taller fasternicerthinner earliermore outgoing当两个事物某一方面进行比
10、较时，修饰的形容词或副词要用比较级 tall taller fast fasternice nicerthin thinner(以不发音的字母以不发音的字母 e 结尾的结尾的+r)(一般在词尾一般在词尾+er)原形原形比较级比较级(重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母再字母时，先双写辅音字母再+er)early earlieroutgoing more outgoing (以辅音字母以辅音字母+y 结尾的单结尾的单 词，变词，变 y 为为 i+er)(多音节词和部分双音节词多音节词和部分双音节词前加前加more)1.A比B更，比较级+than You
11、are shorter than Tom.2.两者中较的：the+比较级+of the two。He is the fatter of the two.3.越来越：比较级+and+比较级 The earth is getting warmer and warmer.4.越,就越:the+比较级(主谓),the+比较级(主谓)The more we get together,the happier well be.5.两者间进行选择，“哪一个更”：Which/Who is+比较级，A or B?Which is more popular,cola or ice cream?6.比较级前可用程度副
12、词修饰。两多(much,a lot)两少(a little,a bit)两甚至(even,still)还有一个远(far)去了 I cant reach my hat in that tree,who can help me?I can.Because Im much taller than you.形容词形容词比较级的用法比较级的用法1.Nowadays English is _(important)than any other subject,I think.2.Gold(黄金)is _(little)useful than iron(铁).3.My sister is two years
13、 _(old)than me.4.Joys parents have four daughters,and she is the _(young)child.5.The _(cheap)bags are not usually the worst ones.6.The short one is far _(expensive).7.The boy is not so _(interesting)as his brother.8.Dick sings _(well),she sings _(well)than John,but Mary sings_(well)in her class.9.Sh
14、e will be much _(happy)in her new house.10.My room is not as _(big)as my brothers.more importantlessolderyoungestcheapestmore expensiveinterestingwellbetterbesthappierbig当三个及三个以上的人对某一方面进行比较时，描述某个人在某方面超过所有人，表达最的意思时，要用最高级形式。最高级形式是在比较级的基础上将er变est，或者more变成the mosttall-taller-the tallestfine-finer-the fi
15、nestfunny-funnier-the funniestbig-bigger-the biggestserious-more serious-the most serious outgoing-more outgoing-the most outgoing loudly-more loudly-the most loudlyboring/bored-more boring-the most boring语法五：语法五：形容词或副词的最高级形容词或副词的最高级better best farlittle worse worstmore mostfarther farthestfurther f
16、urthestless leastgoodwellbad/badlyillmany much 原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级特殊情况特殊情况the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词 如：He is the second tallest boy in the class.one of the+最高级+名词复数（最.之一，做主语时看做单数)如One of the longest rivers in China is the Yellow River.一、用所给单词正确形式填空 1.Frank is _,Tom is _ than Frank,but Jim is_(tall)of all.2.Lind
17、a is _ than her sister.But her brother is _.(outgoing)3.Ann is _(good)of all the swimmers.4.Town Cinema is_ (popular)of the three.the most popularthe bestthe tallest tall tallermore outgoingthe most outgoing二、用所给单词正确形式填空5.Which subject is _,physics or chemistry?A.interesting B.most interesting C.mor
18、e interesting D.the most interesting6.A horse is _ than a dog.A.much heavy B.more heavier C.much heavier D.more heavy7.Hainan is a very large Island.It is the second _ island in china.A.large B.larger C.largest D.most largest 8.Li lei often talks _ but does _,so everyone says he is a good boy.A.less
19、 more B.few much C.more little D.little manyCCAC语法六：动词不定式做宾语语法六：动词不定式做宾语1.有些动词或短语只接不定式（to do）做宾语：want,hope,expect,plan,would like,agree2.有些动词或短语只接动名词（doing)做宾语：mind，enjoy,keep(on),stand(忍受)，allow,feel like 例如：His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.She
20、doesnt feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.3、有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如；like，love4、有些词后面既可以接不定式亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意remember/forget doing sth.记得(忘记）做过的或已完成的事情，remember/forget to do sth.记得(忘记）去做某事（未完成的）try：try to do，努力，试图干事；try doing：试着干事.单项填空单项填空()1.Mr Li asks the students _
21、in the river,)1.Mr Li asks the students _ in the river,because its too dangerous.because its too dangerous.A Aswimswim B Bto swimto swim C Cnot to swim Dnot to swim Dto not swimto not swim()2 2.Lets _ for a walk,shall we?.Lets _ for a walk,shall we?A Ato go Bto go Bgoing going C Cgo Dgo DgonegoneCC(
22、)3 3.Since you have finished your homework,how.Since you have finished your homework,how about _?about _?A Ago to rungo to run B Bgo runninggo running C Cgoing to rungoing to run D Dgoing runninggoing running()4 4.They have got such a _ table.They have got such a _ table.A Around wooden brownround w
23、ooden brown B Bround brown woodenround brown wooden C Cbrown round woodenbrown round wooden D Dwooden round brownwooden round brownDB1、be going to 句型的用法对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事，皆以“be going to+动词原形”的句型来表示。如：Im going to be a teacher when I grow up.Theyre going to play volleyball next week.2、肯定句的构成和用法句型:
24、主语+be going to+动词原+I am going to play football next Sunday.He is going to teach in Beijing next year.Theyre going to meet outside the school gate.It is going to rain.语法七：语法七：be going to+动词原形结构动词原形结构3、否定句的构成和用法句型:主语+be not going to+动词原形Were not going to have any class next week.Its not going to rain
25、this afternoon.Im not going to be a teacher.He isnt going to see his brother tomorrow.4、一般疑问句的构成和用法句型:be+主语+going to+动词原形？Are you going to be a doctor in the future?Yes,I am./No,Im not.Is your sister going to bring you lunch?Yes,she is./No,she isnt.5、特殊疑问句的构成和用法：句型：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句How are they going to s
26、chool tomorrow?By bike.What is he going to do next Sunday?He is going to read books.When are you going to buy a new bike?Tomorrow.Where is the little girl going?She is going to her grandmas home.一、用所给词的适当形式填空。一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.The boys _ (go)play soccer this afternoon.2._ you _(play)basketball with me
27、next week?3.The actor _ going to _(move)New York.4.He admires actors very much.Hes going to take_(act)lessons every day.5.Lucy _(not stay)at home next weekend.are going toAre going to playismove toacting is not going to stay二把下列各句译成英语。1.我叔叔今晚要来。My uncle _ _ _ 2他没有打算住那座小屋 He _ _ _ _ in the small hous
28、e.3我们要读这本书。We _ _ _ _ this book 4你爸爸要去钓鱼吗？不，他要去游泳。_your father _ _？No，he is _ _ will come tonight isnt going to liveare going to read Is going fishing going swimming1.The Simple Future tense 一般将来时的三种基本结构：will+V.be going to+V.be+Ving 一般将来时的时间状语：in+时间，in the future，next+时间There will be less pollution.
29、Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.Mr.Ma is coming.马老师要来了。(有这种用法的动词或短语有：come,go,start,leave,take off,fly,see off,meet,get(to),arrive,stay,return,take等.)语法语法八八：一般将来时一般将来时will/shall引导的一般将来时:一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况，最基本的结构：will/shall+动词原形 肯定句：主语+will/shall+动词原形+（宾语）+其他 People will have robots in their hom
30、es.否定句：在will/shall 的后面加not即可。will not=wont People will not(wont)have robots in their homes.一般疑问句：把will/shall 提到句子主语之前 Will people have robots in their homes?特殊:特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其他成份？When will people have robots in their homes?标志词：标志词：tomorrow 明天 next week 下周next month 下个月 next year 明年before long不久
31、 soon 不久the day after tomorrow 后天the year after next 后年 in+一段时间the week after next 下下周一般将来时:表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,构成为:Will+动词原型 e.g.(1)Kids will study at home.(2)Everything will be free.(3)It will be sunny tomorrow.否定结构:wont(will not)+动词原型 They wont visit Shanghai.疑问句结构:Will kids study at home?某些动词的进行时
32、态表示将要发生的动作：go,come,leave,meet,start,begin,finish ()1.The plane will take off _ three hours.I must get to the airport right now.Ain Bfor Con Dat()2.Why are you in such a hurry,Mike?There _ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.Awill have Bwill be Cis going to have Dare going to be BA()3.Will kids stu
33、dy at home on computers in the future?_.And they can do as well as at school.AYes,they will BNo,they wont CYes,they wont DNo,they will()4.They_to work.Theyll work at home instead.A.will go B.wont go C.didnt go D.went()5.When _ you _ to Australia?Next Monday.Adid;fly Bwill;fly Care;fly Ddo;fly BBA()6
34、.There _ more students in our school next term.Awill have Bis going to have Cwill be Dis()7.The city will have _ trees and _ pollution.Amore;fewer Bless;fewer Cmore;less D.fewer;lessCCA：可数名词和不可数名词1可数名词：可数名词指可以 的，表示人或事物的名词，可分 为 数名词，在其前可加不定冠词a，an或数词表 示其数量。当数量超过1时，名词应该用 形式。名词复数形式的构成方法有规则和不规则两种：规则变化：(1)
35、一般在名词后加s构成。如：appleapples (2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在其后加es。如：box boxes (3)以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es。如：familyfamilies 复数 单复 计数 语语法九法九：名词可数和不可数名词可数和不可数(4)以f，fe结尾的名词，变f，fe为v，再加es。如：knifeknives不规则变化：(1)改变元音字母。如：manmen；footfeet(2)单复数同形。如：sheep，Chinese等。(3)词尾加ren。如：childchildren(4)有些以o结尾的加es。如：potatopotatoes；tomato
36、tomatoes有些以o结尾只加s。如：photophotos(5)有些名词只有复数形式。如：clothes,trousers等。提问可数名词的数量时用 。how many 2不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与冠词a，an及数词直接 连用。一般表示肉类和饮料的词是不可数名词。如：pork猪肉；chicken鸡肉；fish鱼肉；milk牛奶；juice果汁；rice米饭；water水；yogurt酸奶等。表达不可数名词的量时，有两种方法：(1)用much,a little,little,a lot of,some 等修辞，表示量的 多少。如：Theres little orange in
37、 the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有橘汁了。(2)借助于单位词来表示数量。如：a piece of paper 一张纸；three teaspoons of honey 三茶匙蜂蜜 提问不可数名词的量时用 。how much.单项填空()1.Mike_ his computer and checked his email.Aturned onBturned off Cturned up Dturned down()2.Im hungry.Please give me _.A.a bread B.some breads C.a piece of bread D.two pieces of br
38、eads CA()3.Put the apples and ice cream _the blender.A.onto B.into C.on D.up()4.Please cut_ the bananas_small pieces.Aup;to Bup;into Coff;to Doff;into()5._ cups of yogurt do we need?AHow BHow much CHow many DHow many of BCB()6._ bread would you like?Three pieces of _.AHow many;breads BHow many;bread
39、 CHow much;breads DHow much;bread()7.There_ two slices of turkey on the table and there_ some relish on the slices.Aare;are Bare;is Cis;is Dis;are()8.Lets go swimming._.AGood idea BIt doesnt matter CNever mind DThank you very much DAB 语语法九法九：含含if条件状语从句的主从复合句条件状语从句的主从复合句1.if 条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时
40、表示将来。主将从现原则。例如：We will go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow.2.if 条件状语从句中，如果主句有must，can，may 等情态动词，从句用一般现在时例如：You must stop if the traffic light is red.3.if 条件状语从句中，主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示将来。主祈从现原则。例如：Don t wait for me if I am late.finishes1.Put up your hands if you _(have)any questions.2.If it _(be)co
41、ld tomorrow,I will wear my sweater.3.He can go home if he _(finish)his homework.haveis()1.Do you know if they_to play football with us tomorrow?I think they will come if they_ free.A.will come;will be B.will come;are C.come;are D.come;will be()2.He always thinks of_more than himself.A.other B.others
42、 C.the other D.the others BB()3.He was_ tired_go on working.A.too;to B.such;that C.so;that D.too;that()4.What will he do if he _ the result?A.know B.knew C.knows D.knowing()5.We must be late_we take a taxi there.A.but Band C.unless D.if CA C()4.Im going to make a football team.Can you help me _ it?Ajoining Bto play Corganize Dorganizing()5.Dont_ jeans to the party.A.put on B.wear C.wearing D.dress()6.You wont get good grades_you study hard.Aif Band Cbut Dunless()7.You can solve the problem by_ your teacher for help.Aasks Bto ask Casking Dask DCB C
