1、专题十五专题十五 词汇运用词汇运用中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于7-9年级学生本专题一般共需6课时第一课时 构词法（一）一、转化法二、合成法三、巩固练习一、转化法英语构词法中把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法，1.动词转化为名词I think wed better finish the talk now.He is a man of strong build.Lets have a look first.stop vt.停止-n.车站love vt.爱 -n.爱watch vt.观看-n.手表record vt.录音-n.纪录comb vt.梳理(头发)-n.梳子abuse
2、vt.辱骂-n.辱骂2.名词转化为动词Have you booked the ticket?Hand in your papers please.She nursed her husband back to health.We breakfasted together.seat n.座位 -vt.坐 oil n.油 -vt.上油time n.时间 -vt.定时，测时 shoulder n.肩膀 -vt.肩负mine n.矿山 -vt.开矿 barbecue n.烧烤-vt.在烤架上烤ship n.船-vt.用船装运 finance n.金融-vt.为提供资金stain n.污点,污迹-vt.玷
3、污，污染draft n.草稿-vt.起草head n.头-v.前进 transport n.运输-vt.运输 3.形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions.4.副词转化为动词Murder will out.恶事终必将败露。5.形容词转化为名词The girl in black appears very beautiful.We dont belong to the rich,but we dont belong to the poor either 形容词-名词freezing adj.冰冻的-n.冰点solid
4、adj.固体的,坚实的-n.固体数词-动词second num.第二 -v.赞成 -n.秒副词-动词 down adv.向下 -v.放下副词-名词nowhere adv.任何地方都不 -n.无处，无名的地方Quiz 即学即练用所给词正确形式填空There used to be a bus here.(stop)They to have a rest after a long walking.(stop)You can some on the Internet.(book)Two witches two at the same time yesterday.(watch)He reached o
5、ut his and me some paper and a pen.(hand)A will melt at high temperature though it is very .(solid)stopstoppedbookbookswatchedwatcheshandhandedsolidsolid二、合成法:有两个或更多的词合成一个词。class+room=classroom班级 +房间=教室warm+heart+ed=warmhearted 热心肠的good+looking=good-looking 好看的1.复合名词的主要构成方式(1)名词+名词blood-test验血 half-
6、moon半月(形)silkworm蚕 bedroom卧室 airport机场(2)形容词+名词double-dealer两面派 shorthand速记 greenhouse温室(3)V-ing+名词 reading-room阅览室 meeting-room会议室 swimming-pool游泳池(4)动词+名词break-water 防洪 pickpocket 扒手(5)名词+V-inghandwriting 书法 sun-bathing 日光浴(6)动词+副词get-together 联欢会 breakthrough 突破(7)副词+动词downfall垮台 outbreak爆发2.复合形容
7、词的主要构成方式(1)形容词+名词+edcold-blooded冷血的;kind-hearted 心肠好的(2)形容词+名词high-class高级的(3)形容词+V-inggood-looking好看的;easy-going随便的;fine-sounding动听的(4)形容词+过去分词new-born新生的 ready-made现成的(5)形容词+形容词dark-blue深蓝色的 light-green浅绿色(6)名词+V-inglife-saving救生的 ocean-going远洋的(7)名词+过去分词hand-made手工制的 ice-covered冰雪覆盖的(8)名词+形容词nati
8、onwide全国性的ice-cold冰冷的(9)数词+名词+edone-eyed独眼的two-faced双面的(10)数词+名词+形容词five-year-old 五岁大的two-meter-tall 两米高的 3.复合动词的主要构成方式(1)名词+动词sleep-walk梦游(2)副词+动词 overcome克服 undergo经历 overthrow推翻 understand明白(3)形容词+动词white-wash粉刷 blacklist列入黑名单4.复合代词的主要构成方式代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves)herself 她自己themselves 他们自己ourselves我
9、们自己(2)某些不定代词some(any，no，every)+body(one，thing)everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;any-body;anything;nothing;something一、一、将方框中的单词组合形成新的单词并写出词义将方框中的单词组合形成新的单词并写出词义 with,side,in,thing,out,self,ever,every,what,where,body,any,her,one,my,for，no,to ;二、根据汉语意思用合成词填单词1.Many (人造的)satellite are sent to space e
10、very year.2.The (警察)is so (勤奋)that his dream comes true finally.3.(没有人)can live (没有)air or water.4.I think she is really a (热心肠的)girl though she is not (出名)。5.Do you know that snakes are (冷血的)animal?man-madepolicemanhardworkingNobodywithoutwarmheartedwell-knowncold-blooded6.It was my honor to have a
11、 (面对面的)interview last (周末).7.Canada is mainly an （说英语的）country.8.Do you believe that she is a (13岁的)girl？9.My teacher asked me to write a （600字的）passage in English.10.His (女朋友)is not only (好看)but also clever.face-to-faceweekendEnglish-speaking13-year-old600-wordgirlfriendgood-looking课时总结方式例词形容词形容词re
12、d-hot形容词名词first-class,full-time,part-time形容词现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,形容词过去分词ready-made形容词名词-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded名词名词-ediron-willed名词形容词world-famous,day-long 名词现在分词beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,time-saving名词过去分词man-made,water-covered,副词形容词ever-green副词现在分词hard-work
13、ing,far-seeing副词过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known数词名词five-year数词名词+形容词five-year-old数词名词-edfour-legged,six-storied 合成形容词合成形容词1.转化法一般词形不变，词性变化，用法相应变化转化法一般词形不变，词性变化，用法相应变化2.合成法将两个或两个以上词构成新词。合成法将两个或两个以上词构成新词。构成方式构成方式例词例词名词动词day-dream副词动词overcome,upturn 形容词动词white-wash合成动词合成动词构成方式例词名词名词horseback,bank-note,newspaper 形容词名词back-yard,forehead,动名词名词hiding place,reading-room动词副词get-off,break in,副词动词overflow合成名词合成名词合成副词合成副词however,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever 合成代词合成代词whoever,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,nothing
