1、中华思想文化术语英译English Translation of Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture 北京外国语大学北京外国语大学 外语教学与研究出版社外语教学与研究出版社Beijing Foreign Studies University Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press章思英章思英 Zhang Siyingn旨在整理并精要解释中华思想文化发展史上最重要的基础性核心概念旨在整理并精要解释中华思想文化发展史上最重要的基础性核心概念Project aims to select and co
2、ncisely explain the key concepts in Chinese thought and culture.Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture Project中华思想文化术语传播工程什么是“中华思想文化术语”n 由中华民族主体所创造或构建，凝聚、浓缩了中华哲学思想、由中华民族主体所创造或构建，凝聚、浓缩了中华哲学思想、人文精神、思维方式、价值观念，以词或短语形式固化的概念人文精神、思维方式、价值观念，以词或短语形式固化的概念和文化核心词。和文化核心词。n key words or phrases the Chinese p
3、eople have created or come to use,which are fundamentally pertinent to Chinese philosophy,humanistic spirit,way of thinking,and values道仁和而不同君子天人合一Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and CultureA Definition【术语搜集术语搜集 SelectionSelection】文史哲三大领域（先秦至清文献典籍）文史哲三大领域（先秦至清文献典籍）中华思想文化术语的搜集释译【中文编写中文编写 ExplanationEx
4、planation】撰写中文释义、将引例译写为现代汉语撰写中文释义、将引例译写为现代汉语【英文翻译英文翻译TranslationTranslation】资深译者翻译、汉学家审订、资深翻译家定稿资深译者翻译、汉学家审订、资深翻译家定稿Selection,Explanation,and Translation of Key Concepts术语样例 Structure of Each Concept【术语条目术语条目 Concept Concept】江山江山 Rivers and Mountains/Country or State Power Rivers and Mountains/Count
5、ry or State Power【术语释义术语释义 ExplanationExplanation】本义指河流和山岭，代指一个国家的政权及其所覆盖的全部疆域（义同“河山”）。这种用法隐含着这样的观念：河流、山岭地形险要，是卫护国家安全、政权稳固的天然屏障；疆域是国家的构成要素。【术语英译术语英译 English TranslationEnglish Translation】The term,similar in meaning to heshan(河山),literarily means rivers and mountains.It is used to refer to the sover
6、eignty of a state and all its territory.The term has these implications:rivers and mountains provide natural barriers that protect the country and its sovereignty;territory is the key feature of a state.【术语引例术语引例 CitationCitation】割据江山，拓土万里。（三国志吴书劭传）（以武力占据一方，建立政权，开拓大片疆土。）To seize a region by force,es
7、tablish a regime there,and extend its territory far and wide.(The History of the Three Kingdoms)英译主要原则 Principles for English Translation 准确体现术语的思想文化内涵。准确体现术语的思想文化内涵。A Accurately expresses the meaning in Chinese thought and culture 体现术语在具体语境中的含义，不强求术语译文的唯一性。体现术语在具体语境中的含义，不强求术语译文的唯一性。Context prevails
8、 over uniformity.在参考汉学家及前人翻译成果的基础上创新翻译。在参考汉学家及前人翻译成果的基础上创新翻译。Focus on understanding of the current Chinese text 当意译不能涵盖全部含义或难以表达基本含义时，采用音译。当意译不能涵盖全部含义或难以表达基本含义时，采用音译。Transliteration is necessary when no(semi-)equivalent can be found.1.1.准确理解术语的核心思想内涵。准确理解术语的核心思想内涵。(Accurate Understanding of Accurate
9、 Understanding of ContentContent)上帝上帝 GodGod（1）最高天神，也叫“天帝”。(supreme ruler,also Ruler of Heaven)（2）帝王、君主，犹言“天子”。(emperor,or the Son of Heaven)基督教传教士借用“上帝”作为 God 的译称。(Christian missionaries borrowed 上帝 as the Chinese name for the Christian God.)翻译实践体会 Examples another example:神神 god god 或或 deity deity
10、 2.2.全面把握相关术语之间的联系与细微差别。全面把握相关术语之间的联系与细微差别。(Attention to Attention to minute differences between relevant minute differences between relevant conceptsconcepts)“仁仁”的三重含义的三重含义(the three basic implications of (the three basic implications of RenRen)：（1）恻隐之心或良心人之本性(human nature)（2）源于父子兄弟关系基础上的亲亲之德人伦关系(h
11、uman relations)（3）天地万物一体的状态和境界人与世界(relationship between man and nature)翻译实践体会 Examples2.2.全面把握相关术语之间的联系与细微差别。全面把握相关术语之间的联系与细微差别。(Attention to minute Attention to minute differences between relevant differences between relevant conceptsconcepts)仁仁者爱人者爱人 The benevolent The benevolent personperson love
12、s others.loves others.翻译实践体会 Examples引例引例Citation 1:Citation 1:仁者爱人，有礼者敬人；爱人者，人恒爱之；敬人者，人恒敬之。（孟子离娄下）He who is benevolent loves others,and he who has manners respects others.He who loves others is loved by others and he who respects others is respected by others.(Mencius)引例引例Citation 2:Citation 2:亲亲而仁
13、民，仁民而爱物。（孟子尽心上）Men of virtue love and care for their loved ones,they are therefore kind to other people.When they are kind to people,they treasure everything on earth.(Mencius)Contd3.3.翻译翻译须结合中华思想文化的整体语境须结合中华思想文化的整体语境 。(Translation Translation should should be relevant to the context of Chinese thou
14、ght and culturebe relevant to the context of Chinese thought and culture.)Example 1:Example 1:道道 DaoDao （1）不同领域的事物所遵循的法则。The general laws followed by things in different spheres （2）万事万物所遵循的普遍法则。The universal patterns followed by all things and beings （3）事物的本原或本体。The original source or ontological ex
15、istence of things翻译实践体会 Examples翻译实践体会 Examples3.3.翻译须结合中华思想文化的整体语境翻译须结合中华思想文化的整体语境 。(TranslationTranslation should be relevant to the context of Chinese thought and culture should be relevant to the context of Chinese thought and culture.)Example 2:Example 2:大道至简大道至简 Great Truths in Simple WordsGre
16、at Truths in Simple Words（1）越普遍、越根本的道理就应该越简明浅易。The most popular and fundamental truths should be expressed in simple words.（2）“大道”就蕴含在人们的伦常日用之中。Great truths are practical ethical principles which people can follow in their daily lives.Contd翻译实践体会 Examples 3.3.翻译须结合中华思想文化的整体语境翻译须结合中华思想文化的整体语境 。(Trans
17、lationTranslation should be relevant to the context of Chinese thought and culture should be relevant to the context of Chinese thought and culture.)Example 3:Example 3:道济天下道济天下 Support All People by Upholding Truth and JusticeSupport All People by Upholding Truth and Justice（1）“道”的价值在于它是否有益于大众。The
18、value of Dao depends on whether it serves the interests of the people.（2）君子特别是知识分子应将“道”用于经世济民。People of virtue,intellectuals in particular,should apply Dao to serve the people and meet present needs.Contd翻译实践体会 Examples3.3.翻译须结合中华思想文化的整体语境翻译须结合中华思想文化的整体语境 。(TranslationTranslation should be relevant
19、to the context of Chinese thought and culture should be relevant to the context of Chinese thought and culture.)Example 4:Example 4:得道多助，失道寡助得道多助，失道寡助 A just cause enjoys abundant support while an unjust A just cause enjoys abundant support while an unjust cause finds little support.cause finds litt
20、le support.Concepts published so far that include the word 道/Dao人道/the Way of Man 王道/the Kingly Way天道/the Way of Heaven 道法自然/Dao operates naturally.Contd小 结 Summary两个独特优势两个独特优势 Two unique advantagesTwo unique advantages：一一、译审组与、译审组与写作组密切沟通，保证对原文理解准确；写作组密切沟通，保证对原文理解准确；Translation team keep frequent c
21、ommunication with writing teams to ensure accurate understanding of the Chinese text.二、资深汉学家深度参与，最大限度使译文准确并贴近二、资深汉学家深度参与，最大限度使译文准确并贴近 英语表达方式。英语表达方式。Senior sinologists review English translation in both linguistic and cultural terms to ensure accuracy and fluency.已出版300条术语 First 300 Key Conceptsn 201
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