1、语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态当主语是谓语的执行者时,用主语语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时,用主语语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时,用被动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时,用被动语态。被动语态被动语态1 We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.基本构成:一般现在时基本构成:一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词过去分词 一般过去时一般过去时was/were+过去分词过去分词 动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。如:动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。如:None of the books was t
2、aken away.语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态1 在不知道动作的执行者是谁时,如:在不知道动作的执行者是谁时,如:The toy is designed for children.需要强调动作的承受者时,如:需要强调动作的承受者时,如:My bike was repaired.出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时,如:出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时,如:This problem was talked about just now.在被动语态的句子里,如果我们需要指出动作的在被动语态的句子里,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由执行者,可以由by引出,如:引出,如:M
3、r Wu is liked by all of his students.注意:有些动词常用被动语态,如:注意:有些动词常用被动语态,如:He was born in Nanjing.This phone is made in China.主动语态和被动语态的句式转化主动语态和被动语态的句式转化语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态主动主动语态语态主语主语She谓语谓语(主动)(主动)hurt宾语宾语me被动被动语态语态原宾语原宾语(改为主语)(改为主语)I谓语谓语(被动)(被动)was hurt原主语原主语(改为宾格)(改为宾格)by her语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态主语主语+谓语谓
4、语+双宾语的句式转化双宾语的句式转化 主动主动Hepassedme间接间接 宾语宾语a book直接直接 宾语宾语被动被动A bookwas passedto meby himIwas passeda bookby him语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态1.有些动词,有些动词,系动词系动词smell,taste,sound,feel等,等,其主动语态形式含有被动意思。如:其主动语态形式含有被动意思。如:The dish smells good.The music sounds nice.还有一些不及物动词,还有一些不及物动词,read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,c
5、lean等,常用主动语态,和等,常用主动语态,和well,easily 等副词连用等副词连用,含有被动意思,如:,含有被动意思,如:The books sell well.The pen writes smoothly.注意:注意:语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态2.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中,如在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中,如 see sb.do,hear sb.do,make/let sb.do 被省略的被省略的to的不定式,在被动中要加上的不定式,在被动中要加上to。注意:注意:The teacher made him retell the story.He was
6、 made to retell the story by the teacher()1.70%of the earth _ with water.A.is coveredB.are covered C.are coveringD.is covering练习题练习题A语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态()2.It _ that the group _ up of students from different grades.A.is said;makesB.says;is made C.is said;is made D.says;makesC()3.These new types of ne
7、w energy _ very little,and will never _.A.cost;run outB.is cost;be used up C.is cost;run outD.cost;use up 练习题练习题A语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态4.Little Tom would rather be _(惩罚惩罚)than say sorry to his parents.What has happened?punished语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态被动语态的一般将来时用来描述将要发生的动作被动语态的一般将来时用来描述将要发生的动作被动语态被动语态2 He will
8、 be/is going to be taken to hospital in no time.The food will be/is going to be eaten by the dog soon.基本构成:基本构成:am/is/are going to be+过去分词过去分词 will/shall be+过去分词过去分词 I _(visit)the factory next week.And _(show)around the factory.练习题练习题 will visit语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态2.A lot of land _(save)if the Great G
9、reen Wall _(build).will be shown will be saved is built3.飞机被用作一个培训中心,这样更多的医生将被邀请上飞机。飞机被用作一个培训中心,这样更多的医生将被邀请上飞机。The plane _ a training centre so that _.is used as more doctors will be invited on board1.一些不及物动词或动词词组无被动。一些不及物动词或动词词组无被动。happen/take place,cost,rise,run out,appear/disappear,break down,bre
10、ak out等。等。2.可加介词或副词再跟宾语的不及物动词变为被动可加介词或副词再跟宾语的不及物动词变为被动 语态,不能丢掉介词或副词,常用的有语态,不能丢掉介词或副词,常用的有 look after,take care of,cut down,laugh at,talk about,turn on,pay attention to等。等。语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态其他注意点其他注意点3.有些动词短语有固定用法,接宾语时不用再加有些动词短语有固定用法,接宾语时不用再加by,常用的有常用的有:be covered with,be surprised at,be interested i
11、n,be worried about,be made of/from,be known to 4.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。That car needs repairing.=That car needs to be repaired.语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态其他注意点其他注意点5.在在tooto结构中,主语和动词不定式构成逻辑结构中,主语和动词不定式构成逻辑 动宾关系,不需要用被动。动宾关系,不需要用被动。She spoke too fast for us to understand.The boat floated too far away for Jim to reach.6.在词组在词组have.repaired和和make oneself understood 中过去分词作宾语补足语,表示让某物被修理,使某人中过去分词作宾语补足语,表示让某物被修理,使某人 自己被理解。自己被理解。语法专项二语法专项二被动语态被动语态其他注意点其他注意点