1、 牛津译林版八年级下册英语Unit 2 教学案8B Unit2 Travelling(Teacher) 第一部分 知识点梳理Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1. fantastic adj.意为“极好的，美妙的”。 have a fantastic timehave a good/great/wonderful time玩得开心。fantasy n幻想，想象。 2. such det.& pron.such意为“这样的（人或物）”，常用于以下结构：such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数。如：This is such a big house.这是一座如此大的
2、房子。such+adj.+可数名词复数。如：They are such kind girls.她们是如此好心的女孩。such+adj.+不可数名词。如：It is such sad music.它是如此悲伤的音乐。【辨析】so常用于以下结构：so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。如：so clever a boy如此聪明的一个男孩so+adj.adv.。如：so clever如此聪明；so quickly如此迅速so many/much/few/little+n。如：so many mistakes如此多的错误3. couple n意为“两人，两件事物，几个人”。a couple of一对，
3、几个，几件。I saw a couple of men get out我看见有两个男人出去了。We went there a couple of years ago.我们几年前去过那儿。4. - Hey, EddieWhere are you going? 嘿，埃迪。你要去哪儿？-Im going to South Hill for my holiday我要去南山度假。这两句都表示将要做某事，一般用将来时态，但因为句中的动词是go，所以可用现在进行时表示将来的概念。英语中，表示“位置移动”的动词（又叫“趋向动词”）常用现在进行时表示将来，这类动词主要有go，come，leave，move，fl
4、y，drive，die等。-Come here，Eddie埃迪，过来一下。-Im coming，Hobo.我就来，霍波。Mr. Green is flying to Nanjing tomorrow.格林先生明天将飞往南京。5. Ive been there before. 我以前去过那儿。have been there意为“去过那儿”，指去了又回来了。第三人称单数形式是has been there。地点为名词时要用have been to。6. I dont think itll be a holiday for me. 我认为它对我来说不是一个假日。将think，believe，suppo
5、se，expect等动词后面的宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式为否定前移。I dont think I know you我想我并不认识你。注意：若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。2.2 Reading1. My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for two days.句中的“My parents and I”不能改为I and my parents，因为英语中人称的顺序与汉语不同，单数人称的顺序是：第二人称、第三人称、第一人称；复数人称的顺序是：第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。 (1)
6、have/has been in后面跟地点名词，意为“在某地已经多长时间了”，通常和表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。后接地点为副词here，there，home时省略介词in。-I came here two weeks ago.我两周前来这儿的。-That means you have been here for two weeks.那就是说你已经在这儿两周了。(2) have been to后面跟名词地点，表示“已经去过了某处（但现在已不在某处）”。当主语是第三人称单数时用has been to，后接地点副词时要省略to。I have been to Shanghai twice.我已去上海
7、两次了。2. It moved at high speed and was really exciting!speed n.速度。常用短语为at a speed of，意为“以的速度”。The train is travelling at a speed of 180 kilometres an hour. 火车正以每小时180公里的速度行驶着。at high speed意为“以很快的速度，高速”，通常在句中作状语，也可以作表语；其反义短语是at low speed。3. We were screaming and laughing through the ride. 整个途中我们都在尖叫和大
8、笑。through指从物体内部穿过；past指从某人或某物旁边经过；across指从某物的表面穿过。He climbed into his room through the window.他从窗户爬进了他的房间。（从窗户内部穿过）He went past me without saying any words.他从我身旁经过，一句话也没说。（从我旁边经过）He swam across the river.他游过了那条河。（从河的表面游过）ride在句中是名词，意为“（骑车或乘车的）短途旅程”。through the ride意为“整个旅程”。4. such as Snow White and
9、Mickey Mouse.例如白雪公主和米老鼠。 (1) such as意为“例如，比如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个，不全部列出，一般放在被列举人或事物与前面的名词之间，与所举例子之间不用逗号隔开。The farmer grows different kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton and rice.这个农民种植各种各样的庄稼，例如小麦、玉米、棉花和水稻。Mum is always so busy even at weekends since she usually does housework, such as washing cl
10、othes and cleaning the house.即使在周末，妈妈也总是这么忙，因为她常做家务，比如洗衣服、打扫房子。(2) for example也可以作。例如”讲，强调举例说明。一般只列举同类人或事物中的一个例子，与所举例子之间用逗号隔开，可放在句首或句末，也可以作为插入语放在句中，不影响句子成分之间的关系。A lot of people here, for example, Mr. John, would rather have coffee.这儿的许多人，例如约翰先生，宁愿喝咖啡。5. Next, we hurried to a restaurant to have a qui
11、ck meal. 接着，我们赶去一个餐厅匆忙地吃了一顿便饭。 (1)用作动词表示匆忙到某处去，hurry之后直接接表示方向的副词或介词短语即可，习惯上不接go, come，move等表示运动方向的动词。他匆忙回家（去上学）。误：He hurried to go home (to go to school).正：He hurried home (to school).在肯定句中可以连用副词up，但在否定句中通常不连用up。Dont hurry. Theres plenty of time.别急，有的是时间。注意以下及物动词的用法。Hurry him up催他快点。He hurried his s
12、teps.他加快了脚步。Her parents are trying to hurry her into marriage.她父母正设法催她快点结婚。(2)用作名词，常构成短语in a hurry(匆忙，急切)，在句中可用作状语或表语。She dressed in a hurry.她匆忙穿好衣服。He was in a hurry to leave，他急于要离开。6. I ran after them and couldnt stop taking photos.我在他们后面追赶并不停地拍照。run after意为“追赶”。Dont run after the dog. Its dangero
13、us.不要在狗的后面追赶。这很危险。stop doing sth与stop to do sth.有何区别？stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。We stopped working when it began to rain.天开始下雨时我们停止了工作。stop to do sth.意为“停下来开始做某事”。I stopped to have a little rest after too much work.在太多的工作之后我停下来休息了一下。7. Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong基蒂已经和她的家人一起去了香港。havehas
14、 gone to后面跟地点名词，表示某人去了某地，可能正在去某地的途中，也可能已经在某地，强调某人不在这儿，还没有回来。当地点用副词表示时要省略介词to。2.3 Grammar现在完成时(1)表示发生在过去的或已经完成得对现在仍有影响的动作I have lost my key.我把钥匙丢了。（过去丢的，现在还没有找到）I have already seen the film.我已经看过那部电影了。-Have you found your lost key yet? 你已经找到了你的钥匙了吗？-No, I havent found it yet.不，我还没有找到。批注：already, yet常
15、和现在完成时连用。Already用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。Yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末。(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since,连用。表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词。Mr. Zhang has taught English for 20 years.张老师已经教了20年英语了。(3)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，放在助动词与过去分词之间；He has just come back from Americaever意为“曾经”，用
16、于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间；Have you ever been to London? 你去过伦敦吗？批注：重点考点have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”；have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）。never意为“从来没有”，常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时候，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。I have never heard of this singer before. 我以前从未听
17、说过这名歌星。since+时间点，for+时间段。批注：总结现在完成时的时间状语ever、never、yet、already 、recently 、just、since 、for、so far、/during / in the past / last few days / weeks / months / years等。(4)延续性动词和终止性动词的用法现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。我离开家乡已有10年了。误：I have left my hometown for 10 years.正
18、：I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.在否定句中，终止性动词可与一段时间连用。终止性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用下列三种方法：a.将终止性动词转化为延续性动词：comebe here；gobe there; die-be dead; borrow-keep; buy-have; join-be in(be a member);leave-be away等。b.将时间状语改为过去时间，而用一般过去时代替现在完成时。c.用句型“it is+一段时间+since从句（从句的用一般过去时）”表示。终止性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrow
19、keepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake upbe awakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe2.4 Integrated skills & Study Skills1. Millie and Amy have been to South Hill.米莉和埃米已去
20、过南山。havehas been to后面跟地点名词，表示某人曾经去过某个地方，现在人已经离开，不在那儿了，也可能已经回来了。是对过去经历的一种回忆，可以和表示次数的状语连用。2. Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. 基蒂已经和她的家人一起去了香港。havehas gone to后面跟地点名词，表示某人去了某地，可能正在去某地的途中，也可能已经在某地，强调某人不在这儿，还没有回来。当地点用副词表示时要省略介词to。3. He has left Beijing for a week. ()He has been away from Beiji
21、ng for a week. ()短暂性动词 & 延续性动词。英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。表示持续的行为或状态的动词，叫作延续性动词，也叫持续性动词，如：be，keep，have，like，study，live等。表示短暂的、瞬间性动作的动词，叫作短暂性动词，又叫终止性动词或瞬间动词，如：die，join，leave，become，return，reach等。(1)短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，所以不可以由表示一段时间的状语（如：since和for引导的短语）来修饰。第一句中的leave(has left)
22、是短暂性动词，它所表示的动作短促，不可能延续两天；第二句中的be(has been)是延续性动词，所以可以和two days连用。(2)短暂性动词要转换为对应的延续性动词才可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的短暂性动词及其对应的延续性动词（现在完成时）有：buyhavehas had borrowhave/has kept arrivehavehas been in/atleavehave,/has been away join-have/has been in/havehas been a member ofdiehave/has been dead get marriedhavehas b
23、een married come/gohavehas been in/atbegin/starthave/has been on stophave/has been over losehavehas been lostclosehave/has been closed openhave/has been open4. He has had a car since 2007他自从2007年就买了一辆车。ago，since和for的用法(1) ago是副词，意为“以前”，放在表示一段时间的短语后面，表示从现在算起的一段时间以前，常用于一般过去时。如：He met her three days ag
24、o他三天前遇到过她。(2) since可作介词和连词用，意为“自从以来，自从以后”，用于现在完成时，主要有以下三种情况：since过去的时间点He has been ill since last Monday.他上周一开始就已经病了。since时间段agoI have lived here since ten years ago.自从十年前我就住在这儿了。since从句（一般过去时）I have lived here since I moved here.自从我搬到这儿，我就一直住在这里。(3) for是介词，后面跟表示时间段的短语，可以用于现在完成时。We have learned Engl
25、ish for about ten years.我们学英语大约有十年了。5. Places of natural beauty. 自然风景区相关词组： places of interest 名胜古迹；旅游景点(1) beauty 名词 “美景；美丽；美人”如：Hepburns beauty and charm caught the writers attention. 赫本的美貌和魅力吸引了这个作家的注意。(2) beautiful形容词，意为“美丽的，漂亮的”。beautifully 副词，意为“美丽地”6. He thinks it is great fun.他认为这是很有趣的事。【考点聚
26、焦】(1) fun为不可数名词，用法如下：嬉戏，玩笑He is fond of fun.他爱闹着玩。make fun of嘲弄，取笑乐趣，有趣，消遣have fun作乐，玩乐The child had a lot of fun with the toys.小孩子玩玩具玩得很开心。（口语）有趣的事（物，人）What fun!好有趣！真愉快！He is good/great fun.他真有趣（他是个有趣的人）!for fun开玩笑，为了乐趣 read a book for fun为了乐趣而读书(2) funny形容词，意为“奇怪的，滑稽的”。a funny story滑稽的故事 a funny m
27、an.引人发笑的人；喜剧演员This is a funny story.这是一个滑稽的故事。7. The best time to go there is去那儿最好的时间是 “做最好的时间”可表达为：the best time to do sth. /the best time for doing sth.The best time to swim is in summer. The best time for swimming is in summer.夏天是游泳最好的时间。“该是某人做的时间了”表达为：It is time for sb. to do sth.8. By the way,
28、how long does it take to fly to Chengdu?by the way意为“顺便问，顺便说”。By the way, where do you live?顺便问一下，你住在哪里？by the way，in the way与on the way(1) on the way意为“在途中，在路上”。常构成短语：on the way to在去途中 on the way there 去那里的路 on the way home在回家的路上(2) in the way意为“以方式；挡道，妨碍某人”。Please dont stand in the way.请别站在那挡着路。(3
29、) by the way意为“顺便说说，顺便提一下”。By the way, why not drop in for a drink this evening?顺便说一句，今晚到我家串门喝一杯怎么样？(4) in some ways意为“在某种程度上，在某些方面”In some ways it is. 在某种程度上是的。2.5 Task & Self-assessment1. The day finally arrived.我们旅行的日子终于到了。finally为副词，意为“最后，终于”。They finally realized that the whole thing was a joke
30、. 他们终于意识到整个事情是个玩笑。 finally，in the end与at last(1) finally指一系列事物或论点的顺序，在列举事物时可以用来引出最后一项内容。Firstly, secondly, finallyFinally Id like to thank you all for your coming.最后我要感谢诸位的光临。(不能用at last)(2) at last只能指经过一段时间后形成的结果，而不能指时间顺序，在语义上指经过周折、等待、耽搁后的“最后，终于”得到所期待的结果。At last，he passed the exam.最后他终于通过了考试。（可用in
31、the end代替）His chance came at last.他的机会终于来了。（强调他为获得此机会进行的各种努力。）(3) in the end表示结局，有时可与at last换用，不同的是in the end也可以用于表示将来，其余两个则不行。All will come right in the end.到头来一切都会好的。arrive in/at，get to和reach(1)arrive at后面一般接小地点，如village，town，school，airport等；arrive in后面一般接大地点，如city，country等；get to和reach后面既可接小地点又可接
32、大地点。(2)当到达的地点为副词here，there或home时，前面不能有介词。即arrive home，get here等。(3)到达的地点在句中没有出现时，只能单独使用arrive。The famous writer has arrived at the hotel since three days ago.这位著名的作家自从三天前就到达宾馆了。第二部分 典型例题精讲1.Every young man in the village _(加入) the fight.答案:joined2.eg:They come here to relax and have a good time.= =
33、答案:They come here to relax and enjoy themselves.=They come here to relax and have fun.3.Thegirlfeels_atthe_news.A.excited,excited B.exciting,excited C.excited, exciting D.exciting, exciting解析：ed修饰人的心情，ing修饰事，物；感到兴奋，一个令人兴奋的消息。答案：C4.Peoplescreamedwith_(激动)whentheparadebegan.答案：excitement5.She got on h
34、er bike and _(ride) quickly to school.答案：rode6.Tom hurried_ (walk) across the road. How dangerous!答案：to walk7.When the boy lost his toy bear, he couldt stop _.A cry B to cry C to crying D crying解析：couldnt stop doing 停不住做某事。答案：D8.Linda bought a_（一对）of nice toys for me.答案：couple9.I remember she went t
35、o Hainan _ last month.A at the end B at the end of C in the end D in the end of解析：at the end of在结束的时候,in the end后面不加of。答案：B10. I like visiting_ (place) of interest during my vacation.答案：places11.翻译:山上有更好的景色。_答案：There is a better view on the top of the mountain.12.翻译：去苏州或扬州最好的时间是春天。 _答案：The best time
36、 to go to Suzhou or Yangzhou is in spring.13.Where is your father? -He has gone to Shanghai. He is _ business.(用适当介词填空)解析：出差 on business 答案：on14.翻译：我们将要乘飞机直飞香港。 _答案：Were going to take a direct flight to Hong Kong.15.He hopes that his son will be a fine teacher_.A. in the end B. at last C. finally D.
37、 at the end of解析：他期望他的儿子将来最后能够成为好老师。表示未来的结果，所以选A答案：A16.Its reported that the Olympic flame for 2008 Beijing Games _ Beijing International Airport on March 31.A. reached to B. arrived at C. got at D. arrived解析：reach 后面不能加to, get 后面不能加at, arrive 后面必须加介词。所以答案选B17.We will _（离开）for Beijing tomorrow.答案：le
38、ave 18-I heard you were_ for London.（根据对话内容，写出所缺单词）-Yes. I will take a boat there tomorrow morning.解析：我听说你正要离开前往伦敦。固定短语leave for。答案：leaving19.Her father promised her to spend the weekend with her at the seaside, but he retracted（后悔）_(第二天) 答案：the next day20._,we went to the history museum with our pa
39、rents. A. On the three day B. On the third day C. On three day D. On third day答案：B第三部分 同类习题练习一.单项选择（15）1.（2019南通）Is everyone here, Jonathan?NO, Sir. Millie is absent. She for two days.A.has fallen ill B.has been ill C.fell ill D.was ill【答案】B【解析】本题考查现在完成时的用法。根据语境“她还没好”可知，到现在为止她已经“病了两天了”，本处应用现在完成时；与时间
40、段连用的应是延续性动词，fall为短暂性动词，故只能使用be动词，故答案为B。2.He with his family, but now he on his own.A. used to live; is used to livingB. is used to living; used to liveC. used to live; used to livingD. is used to live; is used to living【答案】A【解析】本题考查used to/be used to的区别。句意：他过去常常和他的家人住在一起，但现在他习惯于独自生活。used to do sth.意
41、为“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。故答案为A。3.I remember she went to Hainan last month.A. at the end B. at the end of C. in the end D. in the end of【答案】B【解析】本题考查in the end/at the end of的区别。in the end意为“最后”，其后不加of；at the end of.意为“在末尾/结束”。句意：我记得她在上个月末去的海南。故答案为B。4.My father has worked in this fac
42、tory we moved to this city.A.before B.after C.since D.for【答案】C【解析】本题考查连词辨析。before在之前；after在之后；since自从；for为了。句意：“自从”我们搬到这座城市。我的父亲就已经在这个工厂上班了。故答案为C。5.What a pity! The film 10 minutes ago.A.started B.has started C.has been started D.has been on【答案】A【解析】本题考查时态。由句中的“10 minutes ago”可知，此处用一般过去时，结合选项可知答案为A。6.I spent my summer holiday in Hong Kong. It was really a experience.A.colourful B.beautiful C.meaningful D.useful【答案】C【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。colourful色彩艳丽的；beautiful美丽的；meaningful有意义的；useful有用的。句意：我的暑假是在香港度过的。这真的是一次“有意义的”经历。故答案为C
