1、2023年中考第一轮复习 语法知识讲解专题07 动词时态动词时态是每年必考点,也是整个英语这门课中的核心知识点之一,非常重要,是必须要掌握的。动词时态总共有十六种情况,初中要求的有8种,因此,中考的考点也集中在这8种时态上。考情解读初中常考的八种时态 一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时知识讲解初中八大时态构成总结表(分主被动)1.They raise ducks as a sideline.他们以养鸭为副业。2.She doesnt often write to her family,only once a month.她不常给 家里写信,仅一月一
2、封而已。3.I cycle to work every day.我每天骑自行车上班。4.It seldom rains here.这儿很少下雨。5.He often stays up late now.他现在经常熬夜。知识讲解一般现在时用法讲解用法一用来描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例题【注意】此种用法句子常带频率副词和表示现在时间的状语:now,today,nowadays,often,sometimes,seldom,usually,always,everyday,once a week/month/year1.He can speak five foreign la
3、nguages.他能说五种外语。2.That is a beautiful city.那是座美丽的城市。3.Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。4.My sister is always ready to help others.我妹妹总是乐于助人。知识讲解用法二描述某物或人的固有状态、性质、特征、能力等等,其重点不是强调动作发生的时间或进行的状态。例题1.The sun rises in the east.日出东方。2.The earth goes around the sun.地球
4、绕着太阳转。3.Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。4.Light travels faster than sound.光的速度比声音的速度快。5.The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.美国位于太平洋西岸。知识讲解用法三陈述客观事实、客观真理。客观真理,事实的情况是不会随时间改变的,因而在叙述时也不用强调时间的概念。例题1.Ill tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。2.If you take the job,they
5、 will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。3.So long as he works hard,I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么时候做完试验。知识讲解用法四当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例题【注意】在一般现在时态当中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要使用第三人称单数的形式。动词第三人称单数变化规则(1)一般在词后加s。如:comes,spells,waits,
6、talks,sees,dances,trains(2)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:watches,washes,wishes,finishes(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries(4)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys知识讲解1、Im getting hungry.Do you know where we can get some good food?Of course!There _ a restaurant around the com
7、er.A.will be B.was C.is【答案】C【点拨】考查动词时态一般现在时。句意:我饿了。你知道在哪能买到好食物吗?当然!拐角处有一家餐馆。A选项是一般将来时的there be句型,B选项是一般过去时的there be句型,C选项是一般现在时的there be句型;根据句意这里是一般现在时,故选C。真题实战经典真题2、Daddy,when will we go out to fly a kite?As soon as the rain _.A.is stopping B.stopped C.will stop D.stops【答案】D【点拨】考查动词时态一般现在时。句意:Daddy
8、,我们什么时候出去放风筝?雨一停。这里是as soon as引导的时间状语从句,遵循主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时态,主语是the rain,第三人称单数,谓语动词变第三人称单数。这里的意思是说雨一停,我们就去。As soon as 引导的时间状语从句时态要遵循:主将从现。本题主句省略,从句主语是the rain,所以用rains。故选D。真题实战经典真题3.Shes brought you some eggs.As you know,she _chickens.A.keeps B.will keep C.has kept D.kept【答案】D【点拨】考查动词时态一般现在时。句意:她给你
9、带了些鸡蛋。你知道,她养鸡。考查一般现在时。A.keeps一般现在时;B.will keep一般将来时;C.has kept现在完成时;D.kept一般过去时。表达事实或真理,要使用一般现在时,结合句意可知填keeps;选A。真题实战经典真题1.He got his driving license last month.他上个月拿到了驾照。2.-Wheres Jim?吉姆在哪里?-He just went out.他刚刚出去。3.Mr.Smith bought a new car yesterday.史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。知识讲解用法一用来描述在过去时候发生的动作或存在的状态。例题一般过
10、去时用法讲解1.She was often late last term.上学期她经常迟到。2.She often went to the gym on weekends last year.去年她经常周末去健身房锻炼身体。3.Last year,the country was often at war.去年,这个国家经常打仗。知识讲解用法二用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。例题【注意】用在一般过去时的句子中的时间状语:yesterday;last week;in 1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a few days ago
11、等一般过去时用法讲解【注意】在一般过去时态的句子中,谓语动词要用动词的过去式,动词原形变过去式的变化规则:一般情况下,直接加edworkworked looklooked walkwalked以e结尾的单词,直接加dlivelived hopehoped useused以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加edstudystudied carrycarried以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加edenjoyenjoyed playplayed以重读、一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节结尾的动词,双写最后的辅音字母+edstopstopped planplanned preferpreferred不规则的需要自己记忆
12、知识讲解1.Have you ever been to Shanghai?Of course.Actually,I _there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.A.worked B.was working C.would work D.have worked【答案】A【点拨】考查动词时态一般过去时。句意:你去过上海吗?当然。实际上,我在那里工作了六年,但现在我住在台州。A为一般过去时;B为过去进行时;C为过去将来时;D为现在完成时。根据Actually,I _there for six years but now I live in Taizh
13、ou.实际上,我在那里工作了六年,但现在我住在台州。可知,我是六年前在上海工作的,因此应该用一般过去时,故选A。真题实战经典真题1.I shall/will not be free tomorrow.我明天没空。2.He will arrive here this evening.他今晚抵达这里。知识讲解用法主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的将来时间是指说话那一刻以后的时间。例题一般将来时用法讲解【第一种情况】shall/will+动词原形,这种表示动作在现在或目前还未发生,要在将来的某个时间内发生,没有主观性,是纯粹的将来动作。【第二种情况】be(am/is/are)+
14、going+不定式,这种表示方法主要是说明说 话人的意图、打算,某种可能性。例题1.He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。2.It is going to rain soon.马上要下雨了。3.If you go to New Zealand,you are going to like the place.如果你去新西兰,你会喜欢上那个地方的。知识讲解例题【第三种情况】be(am/is/are)+不定式表示方法描述两钟情况:按计划安排要发生的动作,这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远要求或命令他人做某事。1.The new brid
15、ge is to open to traffic in three days.新桥三天后通车。2.The factory is to go into production before National Day.这家工厂国庆节前投产。3.You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。4.You are to stay home until your mother comes back.你妈回来之前你不要出去。1.Ive never seen Mr.Taylor bef
16、ore.Dont worry.I _ him to you before the meeting.A.will introduce B.introducedC.have introduced D.had introduced【答案】A【点拨】考查动词时态一般将来时。句意:以前我从来没见过Taylor先生。不要担心,开会前我会把他介绍给你的。根据will introduce一般将来时态的结构,introduced一般过去时态的结构,have introduced现在完成时态的结构,had introduced过去完成时态的结构;根据Dont worry.和 before the meeting.
17、可知是将来时态;故选A。真题实战经典真题2.In the near future,there _ self-driving cars in our city.A.is B.was C.are D.will be【答案】D【点拨】考查动词时态一般将来时。句意:在不久的将来,我们城市将有自动驾驶汽车。选项A、C为一般现在时;B为一般过去时;D为一般将来时。根据In the near future可知,本题考查there be结构的一般将来时。该结构有两种表达:there is going to be或there will be。分析选项可知,D正确。真题实战经典真题知识讲解用法一说话、写文章的当刻
18、正在发生的动作。1.They are having a football match.他们正在赛足球。2.She is writing her term paper.她正在写学期论文。3.Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你听电话。例题现在进行时用法讲解用法二现阶段一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生,而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着,或是重复地发生着。1.He is preparing for CET Band Six.他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。2.How are you getting along
19、with your new job?你那份新工作干得怎么样?例题知识讲解用法三表示说话人的情感,如:赞许、批评;喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行,而是表示经常性,相当于一般现在时所描述的情况。1.He is always thinking of others,not of himself.(表示赞许)他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。2.She is often doing well at school.(表示满意)她在学校学习挺不错的。例题1.What is your mother doing,Linda?She _dinner in the kitchen now.A.is coo
20、king B.was cooking C.cook D.cooking【答案】A【点拨】考查动词时态现在进行时。句意:Linda,你的母亲正在做什么?她现在正在厨房里做晚饭。A.is cooking 正在做,现在进行时;B.was cooking正在做,过去进行时;C.cook做,一般现在时态;D.cooking做,现在分词。根据上文What is your mother doing,Linda?可知下文用现在进行时。其结构是be doing的形式。主语是单数,be动词用is。根据题意,故选A。真题实战经典真题2.Where is Catherine?I havent seen her for
21、 days.She Wuhan.Shell be back next week.A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to【答案】A【点拨】考查动词时态现在进行时。句意:凯瑟琳在哪里?我好几天没见到她了。她去了武汉。她下星期回来。have/has gone to表示“(某人)现在到某地去了”(现在不在这儿了)。have/has been to表示“(某人)曾经去过某地”,(人现在已经回来了)。根据Shell be back next week.她下星期回来。说明凯瑟琳去了武汉,现在还没有回来。因此选择have/has go
22、ne to,排除B/D;又因为主语是She,为单数,所以助动词用has,故选A。真题实战经典真题知识讲解用法一表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作1.At this moment yesterday,I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。2.When I came to see her last time,she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候,她正在写一篇文章。3.What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚八点钟你在做什么?例题过去进行时用法讲解知识讲解用法二(仅限少数动词)表示
23、在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。1.When National Day was coming near,they began to make a plan for the holiday.国庆节即将来临的时候,他们开始制订度假计划。2.She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his 3.customers that day.我朋友对我说,他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。4.We left
24、there when its getting dark.天快黑的时候,我们离开了那儿。例题1.I called you last night,but nobody answered.Where were you then?Oh,I _ my pet dog in my yard.A.walked B.was walking C.am walking D.will walk【答案】B【点拨】考查动词时态过去进行时。句意:我昨晚给你打电话了,但是没有人接。那时你在哪里?哦,我在院子里遛我的宠物狗。考查动词时态辨析。根据句意语境可知,昨晚你打电话时我正在遛狗,需用过去进行时“was/were doi
25、ng”结构,故选B。真题实战经典真题2.Peter with his classmates _ for the bus when the earthquake happened.A.is waiting B.was waiting C.are waiting D.were waiting【答案】B【点拨】考查动词时态过去进行时。句意:地震发生时,彼得和同学正在等公共汽车。选项A/C是现在进行时;选项B/D是过去进行时。根据when the earthquake happened.地震发生时。彼得和同学正在等公共汽车。这一动作正在发生,因此句子Peter with his classmates
26、_ for the bus应该用过去进行时,排除A、C;又因为Peter with his classmates中的with表示伴随,因此本题的主语是Peter,为单数,所以be动词用was。故选B。真题实战经典真题知识讲解用法一表示截止现在业已完成的动作1.By now,I have collected all the data that I need.到现在为止,我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。2.She has read 150 pages today.她今天已看了150页。3.We havent met for many years.我们已多年没见了。4.They have develo
27、ped a new product.他们研制成功了一种新产品。例题现在完成时用法讲解知识讲解用法二表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作1.Have you had your dinner?你吃晚饭了吗?2.She has been to the United States.她已去美国了。3.You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。例题用法三表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能还要延续1.It has been five years since he joined the army.他参军五年了。2.They have learned English for
28、 eight years.他们已学了八年的英语了。3.So far weve only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。例题1.Look!My mother _ a new dress for me.Wow,it looks very nice on you.A.is making B.has made C.will make【答案】B【点拨】考查动词时态现在完成时。根据答句“it looks very nice on you”可知这件裙子已经做好了,故本题考查现在完成时的用法,其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”。故选 B。
29、真题实战经典真题2.Its ten years since we came here.How time flies!We _ in China for so long.A.work B.worked C.will work D.have worked【答案】D【点拨】考查动词时态现在完成时。句意:-自从我们来到这里已经有10年了。-时间过得真快啊!我们在中国工作了这么长时间了。work工作,动词原形;worked工作,一般过去时;will work一般将来时;have worked现在完成时。根据对话的情景以及句中的时间状语for so long可知,这里表示从过去一直持续到现在的一个动作,应
30、用现在完成时,故选D。真题实战经典真题知识讲解用法一表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个将来时间绝不会延伸到现在,而仅限于过去时间区域内。含这个时态的句子常带一个表示过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子。1.When I thought about it,I wondered what their reaction would be.当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么。2.She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.她告诉我,她第二天要去欧洲旅行。3.He didnt expect t
31、hat we would all be there.他没料到我们会全在那儿。例题过去将来时用法讲解知识讲解用法二表示过去情况中的愿望或情感倾向,多用于否定句。1.No matter how difficult the work was,he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it.不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。2.They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。3.Even after the lecture ended,the audie
32、nce would not leave.甚至在讲座结束之后,听众仍不肯离去。例题1.Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance competition?A.would sign B.signed C.have signed D.had signed【答案】A【点拨】根据主句谓语动词predict(预计)的意思可知,从句应用过去将来时,即指预计将要发生某事。又如:She predicted that the improvement would continue.她预测情况将继续好转。真题实战经典真题2.He didnt sell h
33、alf as many videos as he thought he _.A.had B.would C.was D.sold【答案】B【点拨】he would为he would sell之省略,为过去将来时,表示在当时看来将会出现的情况。句意为:他售出的录像带还不到他设想的一半。又如:Its curious(that)Billy hasnt phoned when he promised he would.比利答应要打电话来的,但一直没有打,这很反常。真题实战经典真题知识讲解用法一表示到过去某个时刻为止,已经发生或者完成的动作1.There had been 25 parks in our
34、 city up till 2000.截至2000年,我们市共有25个公园。2.By the end of last term we had finished the book.到上学期末,我们已经读完了这本书。3.They finished earlier than we had expected.他们比我们预期的完成得早。例题过去完成时用法讲解1.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A.are trapping B.have been trappedC
35、.were trapping D.had been trapped【答案】D【点拨】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救人员冒看生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“w血on the mountains for two days是定语从句,修饰 two tourists,two tourists和ma之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由 risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在人员救了他们之,即过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。真题实战经典真题1.一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思,以及它所处的语言环境。He speaks English.(
36、一般现在时,说明动作发生的经常性。)He spoke English when he was in New Zealand.(一般过去时,说明动作发生的时间。)He is speaking English.(现在进行时,说明动作正在进行。)He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(现在完成时,这里说明动作的总和。)He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.(现在完成进行时,强调动作的连续性。)【特别提醒】下面是时态考察中特别需要重点注意的地方:
37、【特别提醒】下面是时态考察中特别需要重点注意的地方:知识讲解2.在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时;如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如:I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.(条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来时)I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.(条件状语从句中,用一般过去时来表示过去将来时)知识讲解3.有些动词表示无法持续的动作
38、,它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有:be,believe,consist,find,forget,hate,have,hope,hear,know,like,love,notice,prefer,remember,see,seem,smell,suggest,taste,understand,want,wish,sit down,stand up 等等。Be动词若是用于进行时态,可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如:Tom is being a good boy today.汤姆今天很乖。He is being childish.他这样做是耍孩子气。You are not being
39、 modest.你这样说不太谦虚。知识讲解4.关于现在完成时的时间状语问题.A.在使用现在完成时的句子里,不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语。如:yesterday,last week,two weeks ago,in 1999等。B.在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外,ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里,因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间,属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示以前的意义,因为它只表示以前,而不知什么时候的以前。C.如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子,不可以和以for表示的一段时间的状语连用。在这种情况下,应该用It has been ;since的句式来表达。例如:He has joined the army for five years.(错误)It has been five years since he joined the army.(正确)知识讲解