1、The infinitives非谓语非谓语动词动词 动词不定式动词不定式 to do过去分词(done)现在分词现在分词/动名词动名词(doing)1.It is an important skill to learn to think critically.(2019天津天津)2.Butsomestudentsdidntwant to wear theuniform.(2019浙江浙江)3.My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software.4.These disasters made everyone sad
2、and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.5.You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.6.Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016江苏江苏)Observe the sentences carefully and mark the usages of
3、 the infinitives:subjectobjectpredicativeattributeadverbialobject complement1动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用PART ONE 1 主语 (subject)2 宾语 (object)3 表语 (predicative)4 定语 (attribute)5 状语 (adverbial)6 宾补 (object complement)To keep smiling is healthy for you.It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to bec
4、ome a good dancer.注意注意单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用_。若不定式太长若不定式太长,往往用往往用_作形式主语作形式主语,不定式后置。不定式后置。单数单数 it1.不定式作主语不定式作主语 (subject)It+be+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.for:adj.多为描述多为描述不定式行为的特征不定式行为的特征,特点特点（important/necessary/interesting 等等.）of:adj.多为多为 描述描述主语的品质主语的品质（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish 等等.）Pract
5、ice:1.It is important _us to live a low-carbon life.2.It was generous _him to contribute so much.3.It took them 1,000 yuan _this table.(buy)4.从幼儿园时期就教育孩子做一名负责任的市民是个好从幼儿园时期就教育孩子做一名负责任的市民是个好主意主意。_ to be responsible citizens from kindergarten.forofto buyIt is a good idea 动词动词+to do Yao Ming likes to pl
6、ay basketball.decide/determine,learn,manage,tryrefuse,promise,pretend,agreewant,help,choose,planhope/wish/expect,offer,waithappen,fail,afford.不定式有时和不定式有时和wh-词构成宾语词构成宾语.下一步干什么你决定了吗下一步干什么你决定了吗?Have you decided _next?我不知道怎么做它。我不知道怎么做它。I didnt know _it.what to do how to do 决定学好，（就）设法努力决定学好，（就）设法努力拒绝承诺；（
7、就）假装同意；拒绝承诺；（就）假装同意；想要帮忙，（就）选好计划想要帮忙，（就）选好计划希望关心；（就）主动等待希望关心；（就）主动等待碰巧威胁，（也）不能付钱碰巧威胁，（也）不能付钱2.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 (object)主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+to doI find it still necessary (for him)to work hard if he wants to win.Imitation:Modern cameras and the Internet _to be famous nowadays.(让.更困难)This special strain of r
8、ice _20%more of the crop in the same fields.(让生产成为可能)(Book 4unit2)makes it possible to produce make it harder 1、主语、主语+be+to do sth 主语多为主语多为 duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job 等等 名词名词 我的梦想是我的梦想是.。(make your own sentence)他的工作是他的工作是.。1.My ambition is to be a doctor.2.His work is to do.3.不
9、定式作表语不定式作表语 (predicative)1)1)不定式做定语时常放在被修饰词的后面，常表示不定式做定语时常放在被修饰词的后面，常表示将来将来的动作；的动作；I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision.The Beatles songs changed the lives of generation to come.（2019浙江）浙江）Some scientists were determined to help human realize their dream to explore space.2).当名词被序数
10、词如当名词被序数词如 the first,the last,the only 等词以及最高级等词以及最高级修饰时；修饰时；On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.4.不定式不定式作定语作定语(attribute)3).如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词则后面需适当的介词:Please pass me some paper to write _.She has a nice pen to write _.onwithPractice:忘掉悲
11、伤的最好方法是将自己投入到工作中去。忘掉悲伤的最好方法是将自己投入到工作中去。The best way _is to bury yourself in your work.你有一封信要写吗？你有一封信要写吗？Have you got a letter _?明天举办的会议很重要明天举办的会议很重要.The meeting _ tomorrow is of vital importance.to forget sorrow to write to be held(1)做目的状语，常用的结构：做目的状语，常用的结构：to do;in order to do;so as to do As we all
12、 know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.(2)做结果状语做结果状语：表示表示出乎意料的结果出乎意料的结果，其前面时常有，其前面时常有副词副词only.常用于以下结构：常用于以下结构：only toThey lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet.We hurried to the train station onl
13、y _ the train had left.（tell）to be told5.不定式作状语不定式作状语(adverbial)高考链接：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别高考链接：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别.The old man returned home only to find that his daughter had got married.He died from a sudden traffic accident，leaving his family even worse off.出乎意料出乎意料顺其自然顺其自然(3)不定式做原因状语：不定式做原因状语：一般用在一般用在be
14、+adj.(表情感）后：表情感）后：说明产生这种情绪的原因.We were surprised to find that he had already left.She was disappointed to learn the news.1)动词动词+宾语（宾语（sb./sth.)+to do sth.My mum asks me_two hours on a daily basis.to play the piano6.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补 (object complement)常用的这类动词有：常用的这类动词有：ask;allow;advise;want;tell;order;tea
15、ch;expect,require;cause;force;permit;encourage;urge；enable；warn;forbid;get;invite;persuade;remind;call on;depend on2、动词、动词+宾语宾语+不带不带to的不定式的不定式感官感官动词动词使役动词使役动词一感：一感：feel二听：二听：hear,listen to五看：五看：see,notice,watch,look at,observelet,make,have 但当以上的动词用于被动式，但当以上的动词用于被动式，toto要还原：要还原：They saw the boy fall
16、suddenly from the tree.The boy was seen _ suddenly from the tree.+sb do sth（不带不带to）to fall 1.Let him _ the work at once.(finish/to finish)2.Do you like listening to other people_?(talk/talking/to talk)3.Jim was seen _the room.(enter/to enter)4.Her story made us laugh.(改成被动句）改成被动句）Practice:finishtalk
17、to enterWe were made to laugh by her story.2动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式PART TWO形形 式式 主动主动 被动被动一般式一般式进行式进行式 完成式完成式to doto be doneto be doing to have doneto have been done.It is a privilege for me _ to attend the meeting.(invite).Everyone likes the hero to be praised.He is very pleased to have been given a c
18、hance to go abroad.不定式的语态不定式的语态to be invited 主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式!011.1.主语主语be+adj.+.+to do 能用于此句型的形容词有能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,nice,good,interesting,heavy,dangerous,etc.The question is very easy to answer.The man is difficult to deal with.The morning air is so
19、good to breathe.02032.with+n.+to do(with复合结构)With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having hard time.3.want/need/require/deserve+doing/to be done The house requires/needs/wants repairing.The house requires/needs/wants to be repaired.3Summary and consolidation PART
20、THREEto dofunctionsforms1 主语主语 (subject)2 宾语宾语 (object)3 表语表语 (predicative)4 定语定语 (attribute)5 状语状语 (adverbial)6 宾补宾补 (object complement)1 一般式一般式 2 进行式进行式 3 完成式完成式4.一些特殊情况一些特殊情况1.Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _(retire)from her 36-year-old business.(2
21、019全国全国II卷卷)2.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive _(perform)consistently over a large area.(2019全国全国I卷卷)3.Her job was _(look)after the sick boy.4.Using current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest plan
22、et.5.I didnt mean _（eat）anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help_(try)it.(2018天津天津)高考链接高考链接:to lookto eattryingto performto retireto get6.He is thought _(act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(2018江西江西)7.The project_(accomplish)by the end of 202
23、1,will expand the citys telephone network.8.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required _(process)the food that we eat.(2017全国全国)9.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.(expect)10.Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only _(fi
24、nd)it didnt fit.(2019天津天津)11.I feel it exciting _(see)the movie wolf warriors which Wu Jing directed and starred in.12.You appear _(travel)to quite a lot of places around the world.to be accomplishedto have actedto processto expectto seeto findto have traveled1.1.在在20032003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立自主地把人类年，中国成为
25、世界上第三个独立自主地把人类送入太空的国家。（送入太空的国家。（the third.to do）2.2.他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人们带到太空去发现宇他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人们带到太空去发现宇宙的秘密。宙的秘密。(to do)3.3.有人看见小偷进了银行。（被动语态）有人看见小偷进了银行。（被动语态）China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to
26、find out the secrets of the universe.The thief was observed to enter the bank.二、二、Translation.4.4.按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。（信誉。（it is.）5.5.新技术使快速生产新产品成为可能。新技术使快速生产新产品成为可能。(make it possible to do)6.6.教育的目的是培养孩子好的品格。（教育的目的是培养孩子好的品格。（.is to do.）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your credit.New technologies make it possible to turn out new products faster.The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
