1、 状语从句在句中作状语状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句修饰主句中的中的动词动词、形容词、副词或或整个句子。状语从句放在主句之前时,常用逗号分开;放在主句之后时,一般不用逗号。时时间间状状语语从从句句 地地点点状状语语从从句句 原因状语从句 目目的的状状语语从从句句 结结果果状状语语从从句句 条条件件状状语语从从句句 比比较较状状语语从从句句 方方式式状状语语从从句句 让让步步状状语语从从句句?状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当?状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。状语&状语从句?Naturally,our grandparents were
2、 pleased to get our phone call.(副词)?We worked hard,from sunrise to sunset.(介词状短语)?To help my disabled aunt,I spend an hour working in her house every day.(不定式)?Seen from a distance,the 状语?Though he was poor,he was happy.虽然他很穷却很快乐。?Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然问，我就告诉你。状语从句 1.时间状语从句?常用引导词常用引导词:whe
3、n、as、while、as soon as、while、before、after、since、till、until?特殊引导词特殊引导词:the minute、the moment、the second、every time、the day、the instant、directly、immediately、no soonerthan、hardlywhen、?Dont be afraid of asking for help when it is needed.如果你需要时别不敢求援。?Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especia
4、lly as father was away in France.妈妈很担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,尤其是在爸爸远在法国的这个时候。?What have you been doing since I last saw you?自我上次和你见面以后,你在做什么？例例 句句?Ill go to the cinema after Ive finished the work.完成作业后,我将去看电影。?Ill give you a phone as soon as I come back.我一回来就给你打电话。?He worked till midnight.他一直工作到深夜。例 句?while 常表示一
5、段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。它不能表示一时性或短暂的动作。?Dont talk so loud while(as)others are working.别人工作时,请勿大声说话。?While he was eating,I asked him to lend me$2.当他正在吃饭时,我请他借给我二英镑。?We should strike while the iron is hot.while,when,whenever,as的用法比较的用法比较?when 引导的时间状语从句,可指时间的一点,也可以指一段时间,从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词,
6、也可用持续性动词。?when 引导的从句表示的具体的时间,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时,也可以先于主句的动作。?It was raining when we arrived.我们到达时,天正下着雨。while,when,whenever,as的用法比较的用法比较?When you read the poem a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.当你再读一遍这首诗，你就更清晰它的含意?Whenever 指任何一个不具体的时间。?Come whenever you like.你爱什么时候来就什么时候来。while,when,w
7、henever,as的用法比较?用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生,具有延伸意义,一般同延续性动词连用,有时可译作“一边一边”。?As time went on,his theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移,他的理论被证明是正确的。?As we walked,we talked.我们边走边谈。?As(when)he finished the speech,the audience burst into applause.他讲话结束的时候,听众掌声雷动。while,when,whenever,as的用法比较的用法比较?有时名词every time(每次),th
8、e next time(下一次),the next day(第二天)，the moment(一 就)，the instant,the second,the year等,也可起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句。?I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次见她就对她印象很好并认为她很诚实。名词词组引导时间状语从句?Every time you get back at night,you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回来,都把鞋子丢在地板上。?I didnt have a penny
9、 the last time I saw you.上一次见你时,我身无分文。名词词组引导时间状语从句?有些副词如instantly,immediately,instantly,directly,presently等也可起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句,表示 一就甥?的意思。?I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。副词作连词用引导时间状语从句?The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。?Directly t
10、he master came in,everyone was quiet.校长一进来,大家就安静下来。副词作连词用引导时间状语从句?两者均可用于“It+be.+since/before-从句”的句型。?区别在于since 表示“自从 以来”,所在主、从句的谓语动词的时态关系是:It is/has been sometime since sb.did sth.。而before 的含义是“(过了多久)才”,主、从句的时态关系是:It was/had been some time before sb.did sth.。Since&before?It is 30 years since he join
11、ed the revolution.他参加革命己三十年了。?It was three days before he came back.他三天后才回来。?It was not long before he came back.不久他就会来了不久他就会来了。Since&Before?地点状语从句一般由连词 where(在地方;哪里)wherever(无论哪里)everywhere(在每处)引导。?After the war,a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.战后,一所新学校在以前的剧院处建成。
12、2.地点状语从句?Go where you want to go.去你想去的地方。?Sit wherever you like.请随便坐。?Sit down.请坐?She found her book where she lost it.她在她丢的地方找到了书。2.地点状语从句地点状语从句?Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.?Where you have any questions,Youd better make a mark.?哪儿有问题，你就在哪儿做个记号。2.地点状语从句地点状语从句?wherever=no mat
13、ter where无论何处?Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.不论在什么地方,只要有烟就有火。?Everywhere he lived,he would like to help the neighbors in need.2.地点状语从句地点状语从句?We want to stay at home,where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.?我们想留在家里,而孩子们却愿到乡间度假。(对比)Where 特殊用法特殊用法?Where 除了表示地点外除了表示地点外,还可以表示条
14、件、对比和让步。?Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。(条件)?Wherever I went,the dog followed me.Where 特殊用法特殊用法?原因状语从句一般由because(因为)、since(既然,由于)、as(因为)?now that(既然)、for(由于)、in that(由于)?seeing that(因为)、considering that(鉴于,由于)、not thatbut that(不是,而是)3.原因状语从句 because 表示直接的原因或理由,表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系。回答以wh
15、y 引起的特殊疑问句,只能用because。?Tom wore a raincoat because it was raining.因为天下雨,所以汤姆穿着雨衣。?He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺课,因为他病了。because、since、as、for:Since 表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实,语气比because 稍弱。?Ill do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。?Since we have not enough money,wed better stay at home
16、this vacation.既然我们没有足够的钱，这个假期我们就最好待在家里。:as 表示的是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来，语气较弱，只附带说明，比较口语化。?We had better hurry as its getting dark.因为天快要黑了,我们最好快点。?As you object,Ill change the plan.由于你反对,我将改变计划。?As it is raining,Ill not go out.:for“因为”，不表示直接的原因,而是推断的理由。不放句首。?The day breaks,because the birds are singin
17、g.?天亮了，因为太阳出来了。?The day breaks,for the birds are singing.?天亮了，因为鸟儿在叫。?now that 意为“既然,由于”,与since同义,但更突出事实本身。?Now that youve got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.既然你有了机会,你要充分利用它。?Now that everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了,我们就开始开会吧。?Seeing that he was ill,they sent for the d
18、octor.?因为他病情严重,他们派人请医生。?Seeing(that)he is too lazy,we dont have to help him.?因为他太懒了，我们不必帮助他。seeing that、considering that、in that?Considering(that)hes only 10 years old,he really did a good job.考虑到他只有10岁，这件事他做的很好了。?In that she is ill,she feels unable to do that work.因为病了,她觉得不能做那个工作。seeing that consid
19、ering that、in that?Not that I dont like the film,but that I have no time for it.不是因为我不喜欢那部电影,而是因为我没时间去看。?The soldiers essential honor was not that he killed his enemy,but that he was willing to die.军人的真正光荣不是杀敌,而是不惜牺牲。not thatbut that 不是因为而是因为：that、so that、in order that 引导的状语从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、
20、can、could、will、would?We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.为了赶上早班车，我们早早地就起床了。?Drive carefully(so)that everyone can enjoy a long life.?开车小心点，让大家多活几年。4.目的状语从句 一般要用虚拟语气,形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。?I obeyed her lest she should be angry.我得顺着她,免得她生气。?Take a hat with you in case the sun
21、 is very hot.倘若太阳很利害,你就把帽子戴上 2.lest、for fear that、in case 以免 惟恐 以防:so that、so、that?He worked hard so that he passed the exam.?We hurried so(that)we didnt miss the last bus.我们加快步伐，所以没有错过最后一班车。?What has happened that all of them look so excited?发生了什么事使他们显得那样激动？5.结果状语从句 :sothat 1.(so+adj./adv.+that)2.(
22、so+adj.+n.+that)?The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again.?He is so strong that he can left this heavy box.?He is so strong a man that he can 5.结果状语从句结果状语从句 :suchthat 1.such+a(an)+n.+that 2.such+cn.+that 3.such+un.+that?It was such a bad accident that many people were killed.?Those a
23、re such beautiful songs that I want to listen to them once more.5.结果状语从句结果状语从句 试 比 较?He is such a cute boy that every one loves him.?He is so cute a boy that every one loves him.?He is so cute that every one loves him.5.结果状语从句结果状语从句 so 或such 位于句首，主句要用倒装。?So difficult did I feel it to live in an Engl
24、ish-speaking country that I decided to learn English well.?我感到在讲英语的国家里生活太难了，因此我决定学好英语?Such was his behavior that everyone disliked him.?他的行为那么坏，大家都不喜欢他 5.结果状语从句 1.由if,unless 引导:if 表示正面的条件,意为“如果”；unless 表示反面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”（if not）?You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走,否则,你会迟到。?If you do
25、nt hurry up,youll be late.如果你不快点,你就会晚了。?Well go there unless it rains.如果不下雨,我们就去那儿。6.条件状语从句?2、由suppose,supposing,as/so long as，providing,provided,on condition that和in case 等引导这类连词(词组)意思相近,有:“如果、假设、即使、在 条件下”等意义。?Suppose(Supposing)he is ill,what shall we do?如果他病了,我们该怎么办？?In case John comes,please tell
26、 him to wait.假如约翰来了,请让他稍候。6.条件状语从句 比较状语从句一般由比较状语从句一般由 asas(和一样)、than(比)、not as/soas(与不一样)the more,the more(越越)7.比较状语从句比较状语从句?The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.?导师给我的提议比给狄克的好。?John plays football as well as,if not better than,David.?如果说约翰的足球踢的不比大卫好,至少和他踢的一样好。7.比较状语从句?I cant run as
27、/so fast as he can.我不能跑得他那样快。?He is not so/as tall as his brother.?他没有他哥哥高。7.比较状语从句 方式状语从句一般由as(正如;按照),as if/as though(好像),the way 等引导。1.as 和just as 引导方式状语从句这两个连词的意思是“如,犹如,正如”(in the same manner that)。just as 比as的强调性更强。?Just as the water is the most important of liquids,air is the most important gas
28、es.正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样,空气是气体中最重要的一种。8.方式状语从句?2、as if 和as though 引导方式状语从句?as if 和as though 意为“好像、仿佛”可以用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况;也可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况。?He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.他走得很慢,好像腿受了伤。?He spoke as if he knew the question very well.他说得好像对这个问题知道得很清楚。8.方式状语从句?3、the way 引导方式状语从句?the way 它的作用相当
29、于the manner,后面的引导词常用that 引导方式状语,而且经常省略。此时,一般不用in which 引导。?I dont like the way you speak to her.我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。?We didnt like the way that he treated us.我不喜欢他对待我们的方式。8.方式状语从句 让步状语从句由though,although,as,even if(though),however，whatever,whoever,whenever，no matter+wh词,等引导。Although journalism seems like a
30、good profession,I would prefer to be a teacher虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业,但是我更喜欢当老师。9.让步状语从句 9.让步状语从句让步状语从句?although,though,as,even though/even if,while(虽然虽然),no matter+which/what/when/where/who/how,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,however,whetheror?【结论1】although/though/while(只能位于句首)虽然;尽管。?尽管他很富裕,他从
31、不浪费一个子儿。?Although he is rich,he never wastes a coin.?Old as my father is,he keeps up with his English study.?尽管爸爸年纪大了,他还是坚持学英语。?Child as he is,he knows something of electricity.?尽管他是个孩子,他懂一点关于电的东西。?注意:表语(形容词/名词)as/though 主语系动词,主句。?Hard as he worked,he failed.尽管他很努力,但是还是失败了。?【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。?副词 as/thou
32、gh主语谓语动词,主句。?Try as he might,Tom could not get out of the difficulty.尽管汤姆已经尽力了,但还是无法从困境中走出来。?【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。?动词原形 as/though 主语 might/may,主句。?【结论【结论3】even if/even though (有一定的假设意味)即使,纵然。?Even if it snows tomorrow,we shall still go on business.?即使明天下雪,我们也要出差。?【结论4】no matter how/what/where/who无论怎么/什么/哪里/谁?No matter how difficult it might be,well try to complete it.不管那有多难,我们都要尽力完成。?【注意】no matter 必须和特殊疑问词连用。?【结论5】whetheror无论是否否?Whether you go or not tomorrow,we will go outing.?不管你明天去不去,我们都要去郊游。
