1、英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后（主语谓语在后（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+主语）主语）,就叫就叫倒装结构倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫叫全全部倒装部倒装;如果只把助动词或如果只把助动词或be be 动词放在主语之前就动词放在主语之前就叫叫部分倒装。部分倒装。基本语序基本语序（natural ordernatural order）：）：主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语（subject+predicate+objectsubject+predicate+object）I love
2、EnglishI love English.谓语谓语+主语主语完全倒装完全倒装(full(full inversion)inversion)Here came the headmaster.助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语 +动词动词部分倒装部分倒装(partial inversion)Nerve will I forgive you.一、完全倒装一、完全倒装1.There be1.There be结构。另外结构。另外,在此结构中可以用在此结构中可以用来代替来代替bebe动词的动词有动词的动词有:exist,seem,:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,ris
3、e,standhappen,appear,live,rise,stand等。等。There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.例题:_ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A.There stand;at B.There stands;underC.Stands there;underD.There stands;at2 2，(1).(1).在以在以herehere、therethere、nownow、thenthen等副等副词开头的句子里
4、。词开头的句子里。句式：副词句式：副词vivi名词主语名词主语 “Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主语 结构。Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.Now comes your turn.如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装，不用倒装。如:Here you are.There she comes.(2).(2).表示方向的副词表示方向的副词out,in,up,downout,in,up,d
5、own等等置于句首置于句首,要用全部倒装。要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称如果主语是人称代词代词,就不用倒装。就不用倒装。如如:In came Mr.White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy.题题：There _.And here _.A.goes the phone;she comesB.is the phone going;is she C.does the phone go;does she comeD.the phone goes;come she 注意：注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，在上述句子中，如果主语为人称
6、代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。则主、谓不需要倒装。In he came and back he went again.3.3.当表示地点的介词词组当表示地点的介词词组(如如on the wall,on the wall,under the tree,in front of the house,under the tree,in front of the house,in the middle of the roomin the middle of the room等等)在句首时。在句首时。句式：介词短语句式：介词短语vivi主语（必须是名词）主语（必须是名词）如：At the foot of th
7、e hill lies a beautiful lake.East of the lake lie two towns.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.4.4.分词分词(代词代词)+be+)+be+主语主语 结构。结构。Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.Such was the story he told me.题题：_,a man of achievements,deep thoughts,but with simple habits.A.Einstein was such B
8、.Such was Einstein C.Einstein was soD.So was Einstein _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A.Gone B.Go C.To go D.Going5 5，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强调表语调表语.句式：表语系动词主语（必须是句式：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）名词）1)1)表语为介词短语表语为介词短语Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.2)2)表语为
9、形容词表语为形容词Present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests.4)4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词表语为进行时态中的现在分词 Lying on the floor was a boy.Standing beside the desk was a teacher.3)3)表语为过去分词表语为过去分词Seated on the ground are a group of young people.二、部分倒装二、部分倒装 部分倒装是把部分倒装是把bebe动词、情态动词、助动动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些
10、词词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词要在主语之前加助动词do/does/diddo/does/did等等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。1.1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom(很少，不常）很少，不常）,rarely（很少，罕有）（很少，罕有）,hardly,scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）（几乎不，简直没有）,no sooner（立即）（立即）,by no means（决不）（决不）
11、，not only,in no way（决（决不）不）,at no time,few,not,no not until等等,句式：句式：“否定词否定词/词组助动词词组助动词/情态动词情态动词/be/be动词主语动词主语其他其他”。1)Have you ever seen anything like that before?No,_ anything like that before.A.I never have seen B.never I have seenC.never have I seen D.I have seen2)She is not fond of cooking,_ I.A.
12、so amB.nor amC.neitherD.nor do2.Only+2.Only+状语（副词状语（副词/介词短语介词短语/状语从状语从句），位于句首句），位于句首 ,要部分倒装。要部分倒装。Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(介词短语介词短语)Only then did I realize the importance of math.(副词副词)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.(从句从句)注意：注意：在在on
13、lyonly状语从句主句结构中，主句倒装，状语从句主句结构中，主句倒装，但从句用正常语序。但从句用正常语序。onlyonly修饰主语，不倒装。修饰主语，不倒装。3.so3.so或或soso引导的短语放在句首引导的短语放在句首,前半部分倒装。前半部分倒装。I saw the film,so did she.So So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.1)The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A.so did CharlieB.Char
14、lie did so C.Charlie does soD.did Charlie so2)So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A.did she speak;could everyone B.did she speak;everyone could C.she spoke;could everyone D.she spoke;everyone could4.Not only+4.Not only+分句分句,but also+,but also+分句分句 句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。型中的前一分句要部分倒装。但但not only.but also.连接主语
15、时连接主语时,不倒装。不倒装。如如:Not only the mother but also the children are sick.如：_ himself wrong,but his friends were wrong.A.Not was only he B.Not only he C.Not only was he D.Not only was5.5.句首是表频率的副词及短语（句首是表频率的副词及短语（often,well,often,well,many a time,now and again,once a week,many a time,now and again,once a
16、 week,now and then,every other daynow and then,every other day 等等)开头开头的句子中的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。要用部分倒装结构。如如:Many a time has John given me good advice.Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.Often have we made that test.题题：Many a time _ swimming alone.A.the boy wentB.went the boy C.did the boy goD.did go the boy6,6,在某些表示祝愿的句型中在某些表示祝愿的句型中如：如：May you all be happy.May you all be happy.Long live China!Long live China!Bye-bye!19 以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，谢谢大家！谢谢大家！
