1、Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语&indirect speechGrammar She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish.My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam.She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam.My only true friend is Kittymy diary
2、.She said that her only true friend was Kittyher diary.After hiding here for a long time,Ive become crazy about nature.She said that after hiding there for a long time,she had become crazy about nature.Anne said:“My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.”(Direct speech)She said that she and her
3、 family were hiding in Amsterdam.(Indirect speech)引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封一是原封不动地引用原话不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内把它放在引号内,这叫直接这叫直接引语引语(Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转一是用自己的话加以转述述,这叫间接引语这叫间接引语(Indirect speech).1.直接引语转变为间接引语时直接引语转变为间接引语时,从句由从句由that引导引导,可省略可省略;主句动词为主句动词为现在时现在时时时,从句动词时态不变。从句动词时态不变。1.She often sa
4、ys,“All men and women are equal under the law.”1.She often says(that)all men and women are equal under the law.2.“I like reading stories,”said John.John said that he liked reading stories.3.“I dont like cars,”Sarah said to him.Sarah told him that she didnt like cars.2.直接引语转变为间接引语时，直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称人称要
5、要进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过去时时，去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。相应时态。直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间 接引语时，人称要做相应调整。接引语时，人称要做相应调整。1.She said:“I am hungry.”She said that she was hungry.2.Mum said to me:“You can do it yourself.”Mum told me that I could do it myself.3.Mr.Smith said,“He is a g
6、ood worker.Mr.Smith said that he was a good worker.1.1.人称的变化人称的变化1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ looked worried that day.2.We said to her,“Theyre cleaning the room.”We told her that _ were cleaning the room.3.Mr.Black said,“I have walked a long way.”Mr.Black said that
7、_ had walked a long way.I theyhe2.2.时态变化时态变化 He says:“I treat you as my son.”He says that he treats me as his son.1.主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时,现在完成时或一般将现在完成时或一般将来时的时候来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。间接引语时态不变。直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般现在时一般现在时“I know it,”he said.一般过去时一般过去时He said he knew it.2.当主句为过去时当主句为过去时,从句要跟着相应的变化。从
8、句要跟着相应的变化。现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,”she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时He said,“I have been doing it for hours.”过去完成进行时过去完成进行时He
9、said he had been doing it for hours.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her yesterday,”he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her the day before.过去进行时过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,”she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was waiting for Jim.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般将来时一般将来时He said:“We wil
10、l start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.过去完成时过去完成时“Rick had been ill for many days till he died.”Jack said.过去完成时过去完成时Jack said Rick had been ill for many days till he died.一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去将来时将来时过去过去完成时完成时过去
11、完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时不变不变1.“It is really cold,”she said to me.She told me that it _ really cold.was2.“I dont want to go there with Alice,”said Tom.Tom said that he _ want to go there with Alice.didnt3.The boy said:“I will be a pilot.”The boy said that he _ a pilot.”would be4.Tom said,“We are listening
12、to music.”Tom said that they _ music.were listening to5.Mike said,“I have finished my homework.”Mike said _ his homework.he had finished 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语时时 间间 状状 语语 now today this week yesterdaylast weekfour days agotomorrow next monththe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterdaythen that day that
13、 weekthe day beforethe week beforefour days beforethe next daythe next monthin two days timetwo days before3.3.其他变化其他变化 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this that these those here there come go bring take 1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he look
14、stoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayExercise 2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 3.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way this w
15、eek.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would the next
16、day Review the rules of direct speech and indirect speech.They asked,“Is it easy to solve the problem?”They asked if/whether it is easy to solve the problem wasThey asked if it was easy to solve the problem.He asked,“When do you harvest the wheat?”He askedwhenyou harvest the wheat.we harvestedThey a
17、sked when we harvested the wheat.疑问句变为间接引语时疑问句变为间接引语时,除了除了要把疑问语序改为要把疑问语序改为陈述语序陈述语序,由由whether/if 或特殊疑问词引或特殊疑问词引导外导外,人称、时态和状语人称、时态和状语等也等也要作相应地变化要作相应地变化。1.“I dont know the address of my new home,”said Anne.Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2.“Ive got tired of looking at nature t
18、hrough dirty curtains and dusty windows,”Anne said to her father.Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3.“I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,”the girl said.4.“Why did you choose your diary and old letters?”her
19、father asked her.The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters.由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情况时态不变况时态不变:The teacher said that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.The teacher said:“Wate
20、r freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”1.不变的真理不变的真理2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用：状语连用：The teacher said,“I was born in 1945.”The teacher said she was born in 1945.1.The teacher asked the girl,“Why are you crying here?”The teacher asked the girl _ _ _ crying _.2.“When will the plane
21、take off?”I wondered.I wondered _ _ _ _ _ _.why she wastherewhen the plane would takeoff 3.“Have you seen our plane yourself?”he asked the boy.He asked the boy _ _ _ _ _ plane _.whether he hadseen their himself4.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.whetherrisesReview the rules of direct speech and indirect speech.
