1、Unit 4Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the starsAstronomy:the science of the starsPeriod 2Learning about Languageblock out 挡住(光线)；抹去，忘掉(不愉快的回忆)The ashes of the volcanic eruption blocked out the way.火山爆发的灰烬挡住了道路。Over the years she had tried to _that part of her life.多年来她努力想把她生命中的那一段经历从记忆中抹去。词汇As a resu
2、lt of this event，a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.因此，天空中形成大量的灰尘阻挡住了太阳光线。block outblock in填塞；画草图block off (用路障)封锁；堵住，阻挡block up 塞住；封住(孔、洞)block ones way 挡住某人的去路根据语境用block 的短语填空At that moment black clouds _the sun.My nose is _with this cold.The police _the street where th
3、e gunman was hiding.Your bike has _，could you move it away？blocked outblocked upblocked offblocked my way名师点津“动词out”型短语还有：break out爆发carry out 执行give out 用完；耗尽；分发；发出make out 看清；听清；理解；明白pick out 精心挑选；辨别出point out 指出set out 出发；动身sort out 整理；把安排好work out 找的答案，解决；计算出；计划；思考；锻炼身体；成功地发展名词性从句(二)主语从句一、定义在主从复
4、合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.令她高兴的是在这么重要的比赛中她获胜了。It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个女人很担心。二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能1.连接词 that 和 whether/if(1)that 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。That former Hollywo
5、od child star Shirley Temple died upset her fans all over the world.好莱坞前童星秀兰邓波儿的离世令全世界的粉丝感到难过。(2)whether/if 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。名师点津：whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾
6、，但 if 引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用 it 作形式主语。2.连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等)。连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who will go to the concert is not known.不知道谁会去听音乐会。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.无论是谁只要违法就应该受到惩罚。Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to
7、others.无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。名师点津：who引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而 whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。3.连接副词(when，where，how，why等)。连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。When we will have a meeting is an important question.我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有决定。名师点津：名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：分析句式结构，明确名词
8、性从句在句中的功能；明确名词性从句所表达的意义；明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；确定从句的引导词。三、主语从句中用 it 作形式主语的结构1.It be 形容词(obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)主语从句It is doubtful whether she will be able to come to the party.她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。It is very important that a student(should)learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。名师点津：在“It be 形容词主语从句”结构中，若形容词为 i
9、mportant/necessary/strange 等时，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。2.It be名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，a/no surprise，etc.)主语从句Its a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。3.It be过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)主语从句It is suggested that the meeting be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。名师点津：在“Itbe过去分词主语从句”结
10、构中，过去分词若为 suggested/ordered/required/advised 等时，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。4.It不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，etc.)主语从句It seems that it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。5.It 及物动词宾语主语从句It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。四、主语从句中应注意的问题1.从句要用陈述语序How he succeeded is still a puzzle.他是如何成功
11、的仍然是个谜。2.主谓一致(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。名师点津：what 引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。What the school needs most are books.这所学校最需要的是书。(2)如果由 and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。Unit 4Exercise 2谢谢观看！谢谢观看！
