1、第 2 章 EIGRP路由协议n配置 EIGRPEIGRP概述EIGRP操作运行配置EIGRP验证EIGRP设置qEIGRP 特性:n快速收敛n减少带宽占用n支持多种网络层协议EIGRP概述EnhancedIGRP IPX RoutingProtocolsAppleTalk Routing ProtocolIP RoutingProtocolsIPX RoutingProtocolsAppleTalk Routing ProtocolIP RoutingProtocolsEIGRP 特征n更高级的距离向量n快速收敛n配置简单n比 OSPF 更少的局限EIGRP 特征(续)n更快地更新n支持 V
2、LSM 和不连续网络n无类路由n与现有 IGRP 网络兼容n支持 IPX 和 AppleTalkEIGRP 优点n多点传送代替广播n链路带宽和延迟 EIGRP metric=IGRP metric x 256(32 bit vs.24 bit)n非均等的均衡负载n比 OSPF 更多的灵活性 EIGRP 数据包nEIGRP 是高级的距离向量路由选择算法和每个相邻设备自动建立关联关系通过 IP 包交换路由信息IP HeaderProtocol NumberFrame HeaderCRCPacket PayloadFrame Payload88-EIGRP 6-TCP17-UDPEIGRP 支持不同
3、的拓扑结构nEIGRP 支持Multiaccess(LANs)Point-to-point(HDLC)NBMA(Frame Relay)S0ABS1EFGHFrameRelayDCRest of the CoreEIGRP 支持 IP 地址nEIGRP supportsVariable-length subnet masks(VLSMs)Hierarchical designs/16D/27/30/24WorldNMAPOBSRCEIGRP 支持路由归纳nEIGRP 可以完成路由归纳有类的网络边界(默认)任意的网络边界(手工)172.16.0.0/2410.0.0.0/18192.168.42
4、.0/27172.16.0.0/16172.16.0.0/16192.168.42.0/24EIGRP TerminologyEIGRP TerminologyNeighbor TableAppleTalkDestination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPXDestination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPNext-Hop Interface RouterEIGRP TerminologyNeighbor TableAppleTalkDestination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPXD
5、estination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPNext-Hop Interface RouterTopology TableAppleTalkDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostTopology TableIPXDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostTopology TableIPDestination 1EIGRP TerminologyTopology TableApple
6、TalkDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostTopology TableIPXDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostTopology TableIPDestination 1Routing TableAppleTalkDestination 1 Next Router XDestination 1 Next Router XRouting TableIPXDestination 1 Next Router XDes
7、tination 1 Next Router XRouting TableIPDestination 1Neighbor TableAppleTalkDestination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPXDestination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPNext-Hop Interface RouterEIGRP TerminologyTopology TableAppleTalkDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostTopology
8、TableIPXDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostTopology TableIPDestination 1 SuccessorRouting TableAppleTalkDestination 1 Next Router XDestination 1 Next Router XRouting TableIPXDestination 1 Next Router XDestination 1 Next Router XRouting TableIPDestination 1 SuccessorNeigh
9、bor TableAppleTalkDestination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPXDestination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPNext-Hop Interface RouterEIGRP 术语Topology TableAppleTalkDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostTopology TableIPXDestination 1 Next Router 1/CostDestination 1 Next Router
10、1/CostTopology TableIPDestination 1 SuccessorDestination 1 Feasible SuccessorRouting TableAppleTalkDestination 1 Next Router XDestination 1 Next Router XRouting TableIPXDestination 1 Next Router XDestination 1 Next Router XRouting TableIPDestination 1 SuccessorNeighbor TableAppleTalkDestination Next
11、 Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPXDestination Next Hop RouterNeighbor TableIPNext-Hop Interface RouterEIGRP 数据包nHello:用于发现邻居 以太网:5秒发送一次.慢速T1线路60秒发送一次.n更新:发送路由更新,不定期,只发送变化的 路由更新.n查询:查询相邻路由器信息n答复:答复路由信息的查询n确认:确认是用来确认更新、查询和答复EIGRP 相邻关系n两个路由器收到Hello包时认为时相邻路由Hello address=224.0.0.10n一下连接下Hello每5秒送出一次:以太网(Ether
12、net),令牌环(Token Ring),FDDI点对点协议:PPP,HDLC,点对点幀中继链路/ATM 子端口带宽高于 T1 的多点电路:ISDN PRI,SMDS,Frame RelayEIGRP 相邻关系(续)n以下连接下每60秒发出Hello包:带宽低于 T1 的多点电路:ISDN BRI,Frame Relay,SMDSn规定时间内没有收到EIGRP包的信息nHold time 默认是 Hello time 的三倍邻居表p2r2p2r2#show ip eigrp neighborsIP-EIGRP neighbors for process 400H Address Interfa
13、ce Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec)(ms)Cnt Num1 172.68.2.2 To0 13 02:15:30 8 200 0 90 172.68.16.2 Se1 10 02:38:29 29 200 0 6EIGRP 可靠性nEIGRP 可靠要求的数据包需要外部确认:更新查询响应nEIGRP 非可靠要求数据包不需要外部的确认:HelloACK(确认)I am router A,who is on the link?HelloAB1初始化路由发现初始化路由发现Here is my complete routing information.Update23
14、初始化路由发现初始化路由发现I am router A,who is on the link?HelloAB1Thanks for the information!Ack35初始化路由发现初始化路由发现Here is my complete routing information.Update2I am router A,who is on the link?HelloAB1Topology Table345初始化路由发现初始化路由发现Thanks for the information!Ack3Here is my complete routing information.Update2I
15、am router A,who is on the link?HelloAB134Thanks for the information!Ack3Here is my complete routing information.Update2I am router A,who is on the link?HelloAB1初始化路由发现初始化路由发现Here is my complete route information.UpdateTopology Table56初始化路由发现ConvergedThanks for the information!Ack634Thanks for the in
16、formation!Ack3Here is my complete routing information.Update2I am router A,who is on the link?HelloAB1Here is my complete route information.Update5Topology TablenEIGRP 采用复合的算法来计算最优的路径EIGRP 路由选择IPX19.2T1T1T1IPXAppleTalkIPAppleTalkIPABDCEIGRP 度量值算法nMetric=K1 x BW+(K2 x BW)/(256-load)+K3 x delay x K5/(
17、reliability+K4)默认:K1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,K5=0n延迟是所有连接的延迟之和延迟=延迟在10 微妙以内 x 256n带宽是所有连接中最小的带宽值带宽=10000000/(bandwidth in Kbps)x 256n默认时,metric=带宽 +延迟 EIGRP 弥散修正算法(DUAL)nDiffusing Update Algorithm(DUAL)nFinite-state machineTracks all routes advertised by neighborsSelect loop-free path using a successor and
18、 remember any feasible successorsIf successor lost:Use feasible successorIf no feasible successor:Query neighbors and recompute new successorDUAL 示例(开始)E EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via D 3 2 (Successor)via C 4 3D EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)2 (fd)via B 2 1 (Successor)via C 5 3C EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3
19、 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via D 4 2 (fs)via E 4 3(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(a)AEDCBDUAL 示例(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(a)AEDCBE EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via D 3 2 (Successor)via C 4 3D EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)2 (fd)via B 2 1 (Successor)via C 5 3C EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via D 4 2 (fs)via
20、E 4 3DUAL 示例(续)QQ(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(a)AEDCBE EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via D 3 2 (Successor)via C 4 3D EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)*ACTIVE*-1 (fd)via E (q)via C 5 3 (q)C EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via Dvia E 4 3DUAL 示例(续)RQ(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(a)AEDCBE EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)*ACTIVE*-1
21、(fd)via D via C 4 3 (q)D EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)*ACTIVE*-1 (fd)via E (q)via C 5 3C EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via D via E DUAL 示例(续)R(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(a)AEDCBE EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)4 (fd)via C 4 3 (Successor)via DD EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)*ACTIVE*-1 (fd)via E (q)via C 5 3C EIGR
22、P FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via Dvia EDUAL 示例(续)R(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(a)AEBE EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)4 (fd)via C 4 3 (Successor)via DD EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)5 (fd)via C 5 3 (Successor)via E 5 4 (Successor)C EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via Dvia EDCDUAL 示例(续)(1)(1)(1
23、)(2)(2)(a)AEDCBE EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)4 (fd)via C 4 3 (Successor)via DD EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)5 (fd)via C 5 3 (Successor)via E 5 4 (Successor)C EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via Dvia EDUAL 示例(开始)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(a)AEDCBE EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via D 3 2 (Successor)via
24、C 4 3D EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)2 (fd)via B 2 1 (Successor)via C 5 3C EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via D 4 2 (fs)via E 4 3DUAL 示例 (结束)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(a)AEDCBE EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)4 (fd)via C 4 3 (Successor)via DD EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)5 (fd)via C 5 3 (Successor)via E 5 4 (Succ
25、essor)C EIGRP FD AD Topology(a)3 (fd)via B 3 1 (Successor)via Dvia ES2配置 EIGRProuter eigrp 109network 10.0.0.0network 172.16.0.010.1.0.010.2.0.0172.16.4.0172.16.3.0172.16.2.0172.16.7.010.4.0.0172.16.6.0172.16.5.0172.16.1.0T0S0S1192.168.1.0TokenRingTokenRing 路由器路由器A上没有设置上没有设置192.168.0.0的网段，的网段，是因为该网段
26、没有直接和路由器是因为该网段没有直接和路由器A相连相连AS=109BCDAEEIGRP SummarizationAutomaticnPurpose:Smaller routing tables,smaller updates,query boundarynAutosummarization:On major network boundaries,subnetworks are summarized to a single classful(major)networkAutosummarization is turned on by default172.16.X.X172.16.0.0/16
27、172.17.X.XEIGRP SummarizationManualnManual summarizationConfigurable on a per-interface basis in anyrouter with in networkWhen summarization is configured on an interface,the router immediate creates a route pointing to null zeroLoop prevention mechanismWhen the last specific route of the summary go
28、es away,the summary is deletedThe minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route配置归纳(config-router)#no auto-summary 关闭关闭EIGRP的自动归纳功能的自动归纳功能(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 在该端口下创建一个地址归纳在该端口下创建一个地址归纳 归纳归纳 EIGRP 路由路由router eigrp 1network 10.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.
29、0no auto-summary172.16.1.0172.16.2.0192.168.4.2S0World10.0.0.0ABC归纳 EIGRP 路由router eigrp 1network 10.0.0.0network 192.168.4.0!int s0 ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0ip summary-address eigrp 1172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0router eigrp 1network 10.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.0no auto-summary172.16.1.0172.16.2.
30、0192.168.4.2S0World10.0.0.0ABCEIGRP 负载均衡n度量值最小的将会被载入路由表中(当有相等的度量值时会采取负载均衡的策略)n请求在路由表中最多可以保留6条好的路由有许多条目可以配置默认值时4条 EIGRP 不同开销之间的负载均衡nEIGRP 允许度量值不同时实现负载均衡variance 命令n所执行的负载均衡总量可以通过variance路由器命令进行控制用于控制的负载均衡范围的变化因子 (乘数)是一个在1到128之间的值102010102025variance 2Variance 示例n路由器 E 将会选择路由器 C 到达网络 Z,因为该线路度量值为 FD=20n用命令 variance of 2,路由器 E 可以通过路由表 B 到达网络 Z(20+10)40)Network Z(config)#AEDCB
