1、【 精品教育资源文库】专题一 有提示词填空 第一讲 词性转换高考命题综述:基于语篇的语法填空题,经过 2015 年的微调,在 2017 年继续得以运用。即在一篇200 词左右的语篇中留出 10 个空白,部分空白的后面给出应填入单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式。新题型从语篇层次考查语法,更加注重考查考生的精细阅读能力和准确运用语法的能力。考情分析定位考点明确训练方向通过以上表格可以将语法填空的考情归纳为以下几点:1语法考查面广语法填空考查考生对词法、句法及语法知识的掌握情况,涉及了考试说明中大部分的语法知识,如:词性转换、名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词
2、、冠词、介词、连词及特殊句式等语法项目。2重点内容突出从命题的趋势上来说,尽管考点覆盖面广,但并非苛求于这一点,而是对一些重要的语法项目进行重点考查,如:动词和名词以及形容词、副词等实义词依然是考查中的重中之重。并且定语从句也是热点考项。3命题形式多样语法填空题分为有提示词和无提示词两种。即:根据所提供的单词填写其正确的形式为给出提示词的考查;要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容为无提示词考查。解题流程根据以上考情分析可以明显看出,语法填空并非单纯考查语法,这就要求考生不但要掌握基础语法知识而且要能在特定的语境下正确运用语法知识,其解题流程如下:【 精品教育资源文库】得分关键强化策略提升得分
3、能力(1)扎实的基础语法知识(2)良好的解题习惯从整句及空格的位置功能判断考点;相关考点的解题思路要形成知识体系;代入答案,从整体判断答案的合理性。为提高学生的解题能力和正确率,下面对基础语法知识及其在语法填空题中的运用技巧进行系统地讲解。第一讲 词性转换 Part 真题变式体验12017北京高考The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great _ (invent)答案:inventions 前面 great 是形容词,作定语修饰后面的名词。且 invention 为可数名词,空前
4、无冠词,故应用复数形式表泛指。句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就会激励我们做出大发明。【 精品教育资源文库】22017江苏高考The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a _ (lead) novelist. 答案:leading 修饰后面的名词,作定语,使用形容词形式,leading “最重要的;一流的” 。句意:远大前程受到了广泛的评论和高度赞扬,它的出版,巩固了狄更斯作为最杰出小说家的
5、地位。32017天津高考The hospital has recently obtained new _ (medicine) equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.答案:medical 修饰后面的名词 equipment,使用形容词作定语,故答案为medical。句意:最近这家医院已经获得了新的医疗设备,让更多的病人能得到治疗。 42017北京高考The national park has a large _ (collect) of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.答案
6、:collection 前面的冠词 a 和形容词修饰后面的名词,故答案为 collection。句意:国家公园有一大批野生动物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。52017江苏高考The disappearance of dinosaurs is not _ (necessary) caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find.答案:necessarily 设空处作状语修饰后面的动词,故答案为 necessarily。句意:恐龙的消失不一定是由天文学事件导致的。但是其他的解释也很难找到。 6201
7、5浙江高考One of the most effective ways to reduce _ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案:stress 此处位于动词 reduce 后作宾语,故用名词形式。句意:减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。72016江苏高考Can you tell us your recipe for _ (happy) and a long life?Living every day to the full, definitely.答案:happiness 介词后面需用
8、名词作宾语,故此处填 happiness。句意:你能告诉我们你保持幸福长寿的秘诀吗?确切来说,就是每天活到最充实。82015湖北高考It was _(consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.答案:considerate 根据空格的位置在系动词之后可以判断,应填 consider 的形容词 considerate “体贴的,考虑周到的” 。句意:Michael 很体贴,他通知了我们他耽搁了以免我们感到担心。92015湖北高考The girl used to be shy, but is_ (gra
9、dual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.答案:gradually 此处修饰的是动词,且位于系动词之后,实义动词前,故填副词,意为“逐渐地” 。句意:这个女孩过去很害羞。但是渐渐地在团队工作中变得积极并且更愿意表达她自己了。 【 精品教育资源文库】102015江苏高考Some schools will have to make _(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 答案:adjustments 句意:为了与国家足球改
10、革一致,一些学校必须做出相应调整。结合句意可知,应填名词 adjustments 作 make 的宾语,意为“做一些调整” 。 Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2017全国卷In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_ (crowd) on the roads abo
11、ve as they travelled to and _62_ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over _64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines _65_ (use
12、) to pull the carriages and it must have been _66_ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _67_ every day.Later, engineers _68_ (manage) to construct railwa
13、ys in a system of deep tunnels (隧道 ), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most _70_ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunne
14、ls and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.61_ 62._ 63._ 64._65_ 66._ 67._ 68._69_ 70._Step 1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是 1863 年世界上第一条地铁在伦敦建成,使用的是蒸汽机牵引列车,后来随着电力机车和电梯的采用,地铁越来越受人们欢迎了。Step 2:逐题解答,确定答案。61crowds 考查名词的复数。根据前面的 terrible 可知,此处应填名词,且 crowd为可数名词,其前没有限定词,故要用复数形式。 6
15、2from 考查介词。固定短语 travel to and from work “上下班” 。63laying 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,谓语动词 included 后有三个并列宾语,故此处要用动词的ing 形式作宾语。64the 考查冠词。此处特指在地铁的顶部,故要用定冠词 the。65were_used 考查动词的时态和语态。此处描述的是伦敦的第一条地铁的情况,故用一般过去时,且主语 steam engines 与谓语动词 use 之间为被动关系,故要用 were 【 精品教育资源文库】used。66fairly 考查词性转换。修饰形容词 unpleasant 要用副词形式,作状语
16、。fairly “相当地” 。67it 考查代词。在六个月内超过 25,000 人每天都在使用它。此处指代的是前面的the railway,故要用 it。68managed 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语 later 和后面的 became known 可知,此处要用一般过去时。69introduction 考查词性转换。根据前面的 with the 和后面的介词 of 可知,此处要用名词形式。introduction “引进,采用” 。70successful 考查词性转换。 “one of the形容词最高级of these可数名词复数”表示“这些中最的之一” 。根据前面的 one of t
17、he most 可知,此处要用形容词形式。 Step 3:代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑,这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)动词转换为名词;(2)名词与形容词的转换;(3)形容词转换为副词;(4)形容词与动词的转换;(5)否定前缀与后缀。学情分析(1)考生不能熟练掌握和运用基本的词性转换规则;(2)不清楚各词性在句子中的基本功能,缺乏语言功能意识。考点 1 动词转换为名词动词变名词常用的后缀【 精品教育资源文库】典题 1 2018河南八市质检You may want to consider renting a private _ (accommodate) with enough room for all the party guests.答案 accommodation 空格位于形容词之后,且形容词前有不定冠词 a,由此可知此处应填名词,故填 accommodation。考点 2 名词与形容词的转换1 名词变形容词时常用的后缀【 精品教育资源文库】典题 2 2018河南洛阳统考Nevertheless ac