1、 1.Cartilage:organ=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium 1)structure of cartilage tissue -cell:chondrocyte -cartilage matrix chondrocyte:-Structure:LMembedded in cartilage lacunaperipheral cells:-small and immature -single and flattenedcentral cell:-large and mature,-round and in group of 2-8 cells -small
2、and round nucleus -basophilic cytoplasm -EM:rich in RER and Golgi complex*isogenous group:several cells locates in one lacuna,which are derived from a single(same)parent cell Cartilage matrix-ground substance:proteoglycan:-same to loose CT -there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the perip
3、hery of cartilage lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)water-fiber:type and number of fiber depends on the type of cartilage2)Classification:according to the fibera.Hyaline cartilage:less collagenous fibrilarticular surface,rib cartilage,trachea and bronchib.Fibrous cartilage:large amount o
4、f collagenous fiber bundles cells are small and lessintervertebral disc,symphysis pubis-function:provide nutrition and osteoblast for bone growth and repairingcircumferential lamella:-small and immatureHydroxyapatite crystal:Cartilage:-structure:-small and immature*bone lamella:bone matrix arranged
5、in layers at different directionRER,mito.-organic matter:-single and flattenedRER,mito.-there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the periphery of cartilage lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)primary lysosome,pinosome and secondary lysosomeground substance:cuboidal or low columnar
6、 celllight zone:-under the ruffled border-round and in group of 2-8 cellsSelf study!-inorganic matter:bone saltsc.Elastic cartilage:large amount of elastic fiberexternal ear,epiglottis3)perichondriumtwo layers:-out layer:contain more fiber-protection -inner layer:more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusi
7、form in shape)4)growth of cartilage-interstitial growth:inner chondrocyte proliferation produce fiber and matrix.immature cartilage-appositional growth:osteoprogenitor cellchondroblast chondrocyte produce fiber and matrix.growing and mature cartilage2.Bone-consists of bone tissue,periosteum and endo
8、steum,bone marrowrelease matrix vesicle:exist in periosteum and endosteumform a spongy-liked network-appositional growth:-structure:-there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the periphery of cartilage lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)light zone:-under the ruffled borderlongitud
9、inal arranged/irregular lamellaless collagenous fibril/irregular lamellalongitudinal arranged-basophilic cytoplasmCartilage:primary lysosome,pinosome and secondary lysosomeorgan=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium1)Bone tissueBone matrix/central canal:N,BV,CTSelf study!1)Bone tissue Cells:a.osteoprogenit
10、or cell:stem cell-structure:fusiform,small ovoid nucleusslight basophilic cytoplasmexist in periosteum and endosteum-function:differentiated into osteoblast and chondrocyteb.osteoblast:-structure:LM:single layer of cuboidal or low columnar cellround nucleusbasophilic cytoplasmlocated on the surface
11、of bone tissueEM:fine processesrich in RER,Golgi complex-function:.synthesize bone collagen fiber and ground substance-osteoid.release matrix vesicle:0.1um in diameter membrane-coated function:promote calcificationc.osteocyte-structure:flattened cell with multiple long thin processeslocated in bone
12、lacuna and bone canaliculusbasophilic cytoplasmadjacent cells connect in bone canaliculus by gap junctions-function:Maintain bone matrixd.osteoclast-structure:LM:multinuclear large cell,30-100um 6-50 nuclei acidophilic cytoplasm located at peripheral part of boneEM:ruffled border-processes light zon
13、e:-under the ruffled border -microfilament primary lysosome,pinosome and secondary lysosome RER,mito.and Golgi-function:dissolve and absorb bone matrixBone matrix-organic matter:bone collagen fiber-collagenous fiber(type I collagen)ground substance:glycosaminoglycan-inorganic matter:bone saltsHydrox
14、yapatite crystal:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 pin-shaped longitudinal arranged*bone lamella:bone matrix arranged in layers at different direction-inner layer:more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusiform in shape)-small and round nucleusprimary lysosome,pinosome and secondary lysosomeexist in periosteum and endosteum
15、1um in diameter Cartilage matrixinner layer:articular surface,rib cartilage,trachea and bronchiorgan=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium-large and mature,form a spongy-liked networkBone matrix-small and immatureconsists of compact bone-Structure:LM4)growth of cartilage-small and immature/remnant of Haver
16、sian/central canal:N,BV,CTembedded in cartilage2)Architacture of long bone Long bone is an organ,made up of bone tissue(shaft and epiphyses),periosteum and endosteum,bone marrow shaft:consists of compact bone a.circumferential lamella:/outer concentrically-arranged /inner around inner surface of bon
17、e b.Haversian system(osteon):/cylindric structure,3-5mm /central canal:N,BV,CT /Haversian lamella:4-20 layersc.interstitial lamella:/irregular lamella /remnant of Haversian or circumferential lamella*perforating canal:/transverse canal /connect with Haversian canal epiphyses:composed of spongy bone-
18、trabeculae:formed by parallelly-arranged lamellaform a spongy-liked network-Bone marrow:hemopoietic tissue periosteum and endosteum:CT membrane-periosteum:DCTouter layer:more fiber bundles form perforating fiberinner layer:rich in BV,N and osteoprogenitor cells-endosteum:thin,a layer of osteoprogeni
19、tor cell and CT-function:provide nutrition and osteoblast for bone growth and repairing 3)osteogenesis Self study!1.Cartilage:organ=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium 3)perichondriumtwo layers:-out layer:contain more fiber-protection -inner layer:more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusiform in shape)4)growt
20、h of cartilage-interstitial growth:inner chondrocyte proliferation produce fiber and matrix.immature cartilage-appositional growth:osteoprogenitor cellchondroblast chondrocyte produce fiber and matrix.growing and mature cartilage1)Bone tissue Cells:formed by parallelly-arranged lamellacircumferentia
21、l lamella:inner layer:Hydroxyapatite crystal:acidophilic cytoplasm-function:-appositional growth:/central canal:N,BV,CT-small and immature-out layer:contain more fiber-protectionlight zone:-under the ruffled bordercircumferential lamella:interstitial lamella:1)Bone tissue-small and immature/Haversia
22、n lamella:4-20 layersRER,mito.-small and round nucleusless collagenous fibrillight zone:-under the ruffled border-there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the periphery of cartilage lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)/irregular lamella/irregular lamella-function:dissolve and abso
23、rb bone matrix-there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the periphery of cartilage lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)exist in periosteum and endosteum/cylindric structure,3-5mm-function:differentiated into osteoblast and chondrocyteembedded in cartilageconsists of compact boneCa
24、10(PO4)6(OH)2Self study!multinuclear large cell,30-100umtwo layers:-function:form a spongy-liked network-small and round nucleusbasophilic cytoplasmHydroxyapatite crystal:-small and round nucleusSelf study!basophilic cytoplasm epiphyses:composed of spongy bone1um in diameteracidophilic cytoplasm2)Ar
25、chitacture of long bone-inner layer:more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusiform in shape)osteoprogenitor cellchondroblast chondrocyte produce fiber and matrix.osteoprogenitor cell:stem cell-out layer:contain more fiber-protection*bone lamella:bone matrix arranged in layers at different direction-cell:c
26、hondrocyte-function:provide nutrition and osteoblast for bone growth and repairingless collagenous fibrillight zone:-under the ruffled borderSelf study!osteoprogenitor cell:stem cellbasophilic cytoplasm-appositional growth:-there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the periphery of cartilage
27、 lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)-small and immature/remnant of Haversian4)growth of cartilage/irregular lamellalocated at peripheral part of bonelocated in bone lacunabasophilic cytoplasm-structure:-structure:*isogenous group:several cells locates in one lacuna,which are derived from
28、a single(same)parent cellless collagenous fibrilSelf study!-there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the periphery of cartilage lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)less collagenous fibril-EM:rich in RER and Golgi complexSelf study!basophilic cytoplasmLong bone is an organ,made up
29、of bone tissue(shaft and epiphyses),periosteum and endosteum,bone marrow-basophilic cytoplasm-same to loose CT1um in diameterform a spongy-liked networkacidophilic cytoplasm/central canal:N,BV,CT-function:less collagenous fibrilbasophilic cytoplasm6-50 nuclei/irregular lamella-fiber:type and number
30、of fiber depends on the type of cartilage-basophilic cytoplasmBone matrix4)growth of cartilageinner chondrocyte proliferation produce fiber and matrix.pin-shapedcuboidal or low columnar cell-small and immature-organic matter:light zone:-under the ruffled borderarticular surface,rib cartilage,trachea
31、 and bronchimultinuclear large cell,30-100um/connect with Haversian canal2)Architacture of long bonegrowing and mature cartilage-structure:-structure:formed by parallelly-arranged lamella/irregular lamella-organic matter:Cartilage matrixbasophilic cytoplasmembedded in cartilage-cartilage matrix/cyli
32、ndric structure,3-5mm Cells:form perforating fibergrowing and mature cartilage-Structure:LM-single and flattenedSelf study!organ=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium epiphyses:composed of spongy boneless collagenous fibril shaft:consists of compact bone a.circumferential lamella:/outer concentrically-arranged /inner around inner surface of bone
