1、1大家好大家好黄艳琼，翻译学院，暨南大学2Chapter 8产品说明书翻译产品说明书翻译Product Descriptions 3n教学内容教学内容:n1.了解产品说明书的含义及其背景知识；n2.了解产品说明书的语言特点；n3.掌握产品说明书的翻译技巧；n4.搜集一份商品英汉对照说明书，并修改其译文。n重点：重点：n1.能够正确地翻译产品说明书中常用的词汇和句型；n2.能够运用所学翻译技巧熟练地翻译各类产品说明书。n难点：难点：n能够运用商务说明书翻译方法熟练翻译各类产品说明书。4一、产品说明书的基础知识n1、产品说明书的定义产品说明书的定义n2、产品说明书的文本功能、产品说明书的文本功能
2、n3、产品说明书的分类产品说明书的分类52、尝试将下列说明书翻译成中文：尝试将下列说明书翻译成中文：n1）Luke Olive Nourishing ShampoonContains virgin olive oil essence and natural moisturizing nourishing ingredient of the Mediterranean Sea.Efficiently cleans and nourishes the hairline and hair body.It can improve the quality of hair,and makes the ha
3、ir of pliancy and lightness.nPure natural formulation,the fragrance is pure and the property is moderate,and no harm to the hair quality.Suitable for any types of hair quality.6参考译文：露佳参考译文：露佳/蔻蔻/可橄榄精华滋养洗发露可橄榄精华滋养洗发露n蕴含地中海原生橄榄油精华和天然保湿滋养成分，有效清洁并滋润秀发，迅速改善发质，让秀发柔顺光亮。n纯天然配方，香气清雅，温和无刺激，不伤发质，适用于任何发质。n使用方法：
4、使用方法：取适量本品涂抹于湿发上，轻轻揉搓后用清水冲洗即可。配合露佳露佳/蔻蔻/可橄榄精可橄榄精华滋养焗油护发乳华滋养焗油护发乳使用，效果更佳。n注意事项：注意事项：避免与眼睛接触。若不慎溅入眼睛，请即用清水冲洗。n贮存方法：贮存方法：存放于阴凉干爽处，避免受阳光直接照射。7nUse Direction:Take proper quantities to smear on the wet hair,gently massage it,and then wash it with fresh water.Working with the LUKE olive nourishing hair con
5、ditioner,the effect will be better.nCaution:Avoid contacting with the eyes.Please flush with fresh water immediately if splashing into eyes inadvertently.nStorage Procedures:Store it in the cool and dry place,away from the direct radiation of the sunlight.8n2）Shiseido Brightening Refining Softener n
6、Shiseidos unique formulation of Dual Target,Vitamin C and Arbutin inhibits melanin production both inside and outside melanocytes,also reducing melanin in the horny layer.By carefully controlling the melanin production,multiple skin layers are actively whitened.Visible freckles,dark and dull spots a
7、re targeted and soon faded.Simultaneously,the skins surface layer is toned and retexturized with the use of rare Asian plant extracts.The effect is radiant translucent looking skin.9nBrightening Refining Softener,a whitening lotion that softens skin and exfoliates surface cells to reduce visible mel
8、anin buildup and ensure a smooth,evenly luminous complexion.nFormulated with:Dual Target Vitamin C;Arbutin;Asian plant extracts;Clarifying agent.nHow to use:Use morning and night after cleansing skin.Saturate a cotton and wipe gently over face.10nArbutin 熊果苷 a:rbju:tn nMelanin 黑色素melnn nMelanocyte 色
9、素细胞 melnsat nhorny layer 角质层ntoned 使皮肤有弹性或肌肉等强有力;令肤质加倍柔滑nRetexturized 使肤质改善nradiant 容光焕发的；光彩照人的；ntranslucent 有光泽的；nExfoliate 片状剥落nLuminous 发亮的；明亮的nComplexion 肤色；面色nplant extracts 植物萃取物nClarifying agent 澄清剂；净化剂11祛斑相关名词翻译祛斑相关名词翻译n色斑(spots)n黄褐斑(chloasma)klzm n黑斑(Dark spots)n咖啡斑(Coffee spot)n蝴蝶斑(Malar r
10、ashes)Malarmel:颧骨、脸颊n日晒斑(Sun spots)n汗斑(Sweat stain)n妊娠斑(pregnancy freckles)n老年斑(Age spots)12参考译文：资生堂-亮白活肤水n资生堂独创美白配方-双效修护维他命C和熊葡萄叶素，能于色素细胞内外截击黑色素的聚合，同时减少积聚于角质层里的黑色素。透过严密控制黑色素的形成，肌肤表层将获得“恒动”的美白修护。不久，明显的雀斑、黑斑和黯哑斑点将逐渐淡化。此外，配方中的稀有亚洲植物精华，促进表皮色泽明亮，肤质改善。白里透红、剔透亮泽的肌肤即将展现。n亮白活肤水亮白活肤水能令肤质柔软，促进老化表皮细胞脱落，减少黑色素积聚
11、，缔造色泽均匀、柔滑亮泽的肌肤。n产品配方蕴含：产品配方蕴含：双效修护维他命C；熊果苷；亚洲植物精华；净化成分。n使用方法：使用方法：早晚洁面后，以化妆棉沾活肤水轻柔拭抹脸部。13二、产品说明书的语言特点二、产品说明书的语言特点 n2.1 Lexical features 词汇特点词汇特点n2.2 Syntactic characteristics 句法特点句法特点n2.3 Useful Sentences 产品说明书的常用句型产品说明书的常用句型14词汇类别：科技词汇词汇类别：科技词汇n科技词汇：通用科技词汇科技词汇：通用科技词汇+纯科技词汇纯科技词汇+衍生科技词汇衍生科技词汇n普通科技词汇
12、普通科技词汇由普通词汇转化而来，除了本义外，在不同的学科被赋予不同的专业词义。如：nCarrier：n基本含义是“搬运工搬运工”，其专业含义非常丰富：nAircraft carrier 航空母舰（军事）nA telecoms carrier 通信公司（通信）nA baby carrier 婴儿背带（日用品）nbacteria-carrier 带菌者（医学）nbicycle carrier 载物架（自行车）nSend books by carrier XXX 承运商/运输公司（运输）15n纯科技词汇纯科技词汇：只用于某个专业或学科的专门词汇和术语，特点是词形长且大多数带有源于拉拉丁语、希腊语、法
13、语丁语、希腊语、法语等语言的词根或词缀。nphotosynthesis(光合作用)ftsnssnseismograph(地震仪)sazmgr:f nappendicitis（阑尾炎）pendsats ntransistor（晶体管）trnzst(r)nelastin（存在于结缔组织中的弹性蛋白）ncryogenics（低温学）kradenks16n衍生科技词汇：衍生科技词汇：以借用、合成法、缩略法和派生词等形式出现的科技词汇。nAnticatalyst 反催化剂 ntktlst nmicrobiology微生物学 necology生态学 ngenetics 遗传学nhydrodynamics流
14、体动力学 nsemiconductor半导体17缩略缩略AbbreviationShorteningAcronym借用借用Borrowing词缀词缀Affixation混成混成Blending合成合成Compounding科技词汇构词法182.1 Lexical features词汇特点词汇特点n1）相对固定性和专业性）相对固定性和专业性 n fixed&professional expressions n2）专业术语）专业术语n widely use of terminologyn3）名词化结构和动词的非限定式）名词化结构和动词的非限定式n Nominalization&non-finite
15、 forms of verbs191）相对固定性和专业性）相对固定性和专业性n固定性固定性（fixed expressions）：nSpecification（规格）、Packaging（包装）n专业性专业性（professional:technical terms)：n各领域的专业术语 20n成分/配料n功能n用法n规格n包装n净含量n保质期n副作用n性状n适应症 n用法与用量nIngredients/ComponentsnFunctions nUsagenSpecificationsnPackage/PackingnNet contentnShelf lifenSide effectsnD
16、escriptionnIndications nDosage and administration词汇的相对固定性词汇的相对固定性21nNormal skinnComponentnHeavy duty slidenElectric power toolsnEngraving machines nEtching machines nLaser engraving machinesnFinishing machinesn中性皮肤n零配件、成分n重型滑轨n电动工具（系列）n雕刻机n蚀刻机 n激光雕刻机 n修整机词汇的专业性词汇的专业性22Down wear，Accessory，Miniskirt，S
17、weetheart neckline/Heart shaped neckline，Pleated skirt，Straight skirt，Tailored skirt，Piercing，Burnishing/Polishing，Turning，Forming，Repousse，Clay processing，Carving，Relief（low relief），Spotlight，Barrier，Enclosure，Terminal，Rotary switch，Cord switch成型、筒裙、（浅）浮雕、隔离罩、旋转开关、瓷土加工、辅料、凸纹面、罩壳、超短裙、镂空、褶裙、拉线开关、车削、抛
18、光聚光灯、镂雕、西装裙、接线端子（接头）、鸡心领口、雕刻23nDown wear （down 羽绒；鸭绒）n羽绒服nAccessory n辅料、衣服的配饰nMiniskirt n超短裙nSweetheart neckline/Heart shaped necklinen鸡心领口nPleated skirtn褶裙24nStraight skirtn筒裙nTailored skirtn西装裙nPiercingn镂雕、镂空（=hollow out)nBurnishing/Polishingn抛光nTurningn车削（车工工艺）25nFormingn成型nRepousse rpu:se n凸纹面（压
19、花面）nClay processingn瓷土加工nCarvingn雕刻nRelief（low relief）n（浅）浮雕 nSpotlightn聚光灯26nBarriern隔离罩nEnclosuren罩壳nTerminaln接线端子（接头）nRotary switchn旋转开关nCord switchn拉线开关27nIndications:For the treatment of duodenal and benign gastric ulceration.Inhibits excessive gastric acid output and pathological hypersecretio
20、n (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome),etc.nDosage:Adult-oral.One tablet(400mg),twice a day,before breakfast and at bedtime,or as directed by the physician.n适应证：适应证：十二指肠溃疡和良性胃溃疡，并可抑制胃酸分泌过多和病理性分泌亢进（佐-埃氏综合征）。n剂量：剂量：口服：饭前、睡前服用。成人每日两次，每次一片或遵医嘱。dju:di:nl lsren bnan gstrk pldkl hap(:)skri:n 283）过程的名物化）过程的名物化 Nomi
21、nalization n产品说明书语言简洁、意思高度浓缩的特点也反映在过程的名物化上。名物化是指将过程(特别是物质过程)名词化,小句子转化为名词词组。句子经常浓缩为名词(或词组),而其他成分则成为其修饰成分n只要插入时遇到任何阻力,则应当使用较小尺寸的导引套,以便无须过度用力即可插入。(某导管插入装置)nAny resistance to introduction should result in advancement（改用、改进）（改用、改进）of an introducer sheath small enough to be introduced without undue force.
22、i:292.2 Syntactic characteristics 句法特点句法特点n1）多使用一般现在时）多使用一般现在时 present simple tense n2）大量使用祈使句）大量使用祈使句 imperative sentences n3）大量使用条件句）大量使用条件句 conditional clauses n4）频繁使用被动语态）频繁使用被动语态 passive voicen5）大量使用非谓语动词）大量使用非谓语动词non-finite verbsn 301）多使用一般现在时）多使用一般现在时 present simple tense n商品说明书属于信息类文体，以客观地说明
23、客观地说明商品的特色、使用方法和工作原理等为主，因此，时态上以一般现在时一般现在时为主。nThe AQUA White Concentration Lotion protects the skin from damage caused by UV raysn雅呵雅美白霜保护皮肤免受紫外线伤害。31n【原文】Osteoform is a supplement of calcium,trace material,Vitamin D3 and Vitamin C.It is indicated for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused b
24、y deficiency of above mentioned minerals and vitamins.It is recommended in treating and preventing Osteoporosis and Rickets.It is effective in reducing neurological pain and spasm caused by lack of calcium.Pregnant women,nursing mothers and children may also use this product as a resource of calcium
25、 and Vitamin D3.n【译文】乐力胶囊是钙、微量元素、维生素D3和维生素C的补充源，适用于预防和治疗由于上述矿物质和维生素缺乏所引起的各种疾病，尤其适用于防治骨质疏松症和儿童佝偻病，另外在缓解由缺钙所引起的神经痛、肌肉抽搐等方面也有一定效果，还可作为孕期、哺乳期妇女和儿童的钙和维生素D3的补充来源。stiprss rikit njrldklspzm 322）大量使用祈使句）大量使用祈使句 imperative sentences n商品说明书具有信息功能和祈使功能，不仅能提供有关商品的信息，还能指导消费者正确地使用该产品。在英文商品说明书里，常用的句式是不带人称或带有第二人称的祈使
26、句式。n祈使句简单明了，能突出主要信息，能体现“指指示、叮嘱、告诫示、叮嘱、告诫”的语义功能，能使消费者快速获取有关信息并按其说明去做，因而在产品的使使用方法和注意事项用方法和注意事项中会大量使用祈使句。n早晚刷牙后含漱早晚刷牙后含漱2-5 分钟。分钟。(口泰含漱液口泰含漱液)nGargle with the product 2-5 minutes after brushing in the morning and evening.33n【原文】nLimited Warranty for Cartridge LifenThis Warranty Supersedes All Previous
27、Warranties.nHP LaserJet C3977A toner cartridges are designed to print an average of 750 pages for a typical document such as a business letter.For optimum cartridge performance,printer cleaning,and other information,see your printer users manual.Clean your printer when you change toner cartridges.k:
28、trd 墨盒34n【译文】n硒鼓有限保修单硒鼓有限保修单n本保单取代以前所有保单n惠普激光打印机C3977A型硒鼓平均可打印750页（如商业信函类）普通文件。n请在更換硒鼓时清洁打印机。n关于硒鼓最佳性能、清洁打印机及其他信息，请参见打印机用户手册。35n【原文】nDirections:Remove cap.Spray it on the surface of the object and wipe with clean paper towel or dry cloth.nCaution:In case of eye contact,clean your eyes with water,if
29、swallowed,drink plenty of water and consult physician immediately.Not recommended for use on varnished surface.n【译文】n使用方法使用方法：拧开瓶嘴，将本品（保洁丽）喷于需要清洁的物件表面，然后用干净的纸巾或干布抹拭。n注意事项：注意事项：若不慎入眼，请立即用清水冲洗。如误饮本品，请立即饮用大量清水并请医生诊治。请勿用于漆面。v:rnt 363）大量使用条件句）大量使用条件句 conditional clauses n条件句在英文说明书中是必不可少的。条件句可以用来假设一些情况，主句
30、则给出解决办法。n【原文】If you want to interrupt recording,you should press Pause.n【译文】如果要停止录音，请按“Pause”键。n【原文】Should you encounter some problems during the installation or use of this computer,please refer to his trouble-shooting guide prior to calling the helpdesk.n【译文】安装或使用本机时如遇问题，请先阅读本疑难解决之说明，如不能解决问题，再致电客服
31、部。37n【原文 If replacement parts are used in making repairs,these parts may be remanufactured,or may contain remanufactured materials.If it is necessary to replace the entire product,it may be replaced with a remanufactured product.n【译文】维修时若需要替换零部件，可能会使用翻新过的，或含有翻新材料的零部件。如有必要替换整个产品，则可能使用翻新产品替换。38n【原文】If
32、 the vehicle must be parked on the road for some reason,please put a warning sign 200M in front of and behind the vehicle respectively.n【译文】如果车辆由于种种原因必须在公路上暂停时，请在车辆前后两百米处各放置一个三角警告牌。394）频繁使用被动语态）频繁使用被动语态 passive voicen商品说明书中被动语态使用频率极高。被动语态具有不指明动作的施动者、强调事件本身的过程以及使句子结构紧凑的特点。这正好符合英文说明书的要求。n英文说明书中大量使用被动语
33、态，不仅语言客观简洁，而且可以使读者的注意力集中在受动者这一主要信息上，汉译时一般是根据情况翻译成汉语的主动语态。40n【原文】Additional information can be found in the electronic users manual which is located on the CD-ROM.n【译文】您可在光盘的电子使用手册中找到其他信息。n【原文】The fan belt tension should be often checked in the following way:pressing the belt with70-lOON force to see
34、 if its deflection is within the specified value.n【译文】请常用以下方法检查风扇皮带的松紧度：用70-100N的力向下按皮带，确认误差是否在规定范围内。415）大量使用非谓语动词大量使用非谓语动词 non-finite verbs (V-ing、V-ed和不定式和不定式)n非谓语动词不仅能够使说明书的语言更加简洁准确，而且能使句式结构紧凑，易于理解和操作。试比较下列两个句子：nA)After the engine started,it is not permissible to turn the key from the switch-on p
35、osition to the starting position.nB)After the engine has been started,it is not permissible to turn the key from the switch-on position to the starting position.n【译文】发动机启动后，严禁将钥匙由电源位置转至启动位置。42nEnriched moisturizing ingredients leave skin feeling soft and refreshed.For extra moisturization to prevent
36、 the creation of melanin,apply after using calming lotion.n本品富含保湿因子，有效抑制黑色素生成，令肌肤倍感柔滑，焕发青春光彩。n用法：先用润肤露打底，再取适量均匀涂抹肌肤。43分词短语作定语分词短语作定语Participial Phrases used as attributesn英文分词短语作定语时一般遵循“单分在前，单分在前，分短在后分短在后”的原则，即单个-ing分词或ed分词做定语时，往往置于其所修饰的名词前面；而由-ing分词或-ed分词组成的分词短语则一般置于其所修饰的名词的后面。44n【原文】Fig 8 shows a
37、cell connected across a load.n【译文】图8画出了一个换载相接的换载相接的电池。n【原文】A sense-activating fragrance with grapefruit and pepper in a refreshing gel that firms and tones the appearance of your skin as it refines the silhouette.n【译文】XX啫喱乳液，散发西柚和辣椒清香，能焕发精焕发精神神，紧致肌肤，令肤质加倍柔滑，使身体线条更趋完美。n【原文】This lipstick gives true so
38、phisticated color that stays on and stays smooth.Lips stay supple,even though the look is matte.n【译文】XX唇膏，雅致色泽，丝滑质感，易于涂匀，莹润双唇，效果持久。sluet 45分词短语作状语 used as adverbialsn分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况，表示时间、原因、让步、条件时通常可转换成相应的状语从句状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句并列句或非限制性定语从句。n表示时间、条件和原因的分词短语通常位于句首句首；而
39、表示结果、方式或伴随情况等的状语结构常常位于句句末末。n在翻译成汉语时，状语状语往往按习惯放在句首句首。表示方式或者伴随情况的状语结构常常译为并列句并列句。46n【原文】After shaving,your skin feels inflamed and uncomfortable.Feel refreshed with HAZELINE SNOW.It soothes and cools your skin.n【译文】剃须刮脸后剃须刮脸后，您的皮肤会感到烧辣不适，涂用夏士莲雪花膏能使您的皮肤倍感清新凉爽。n【原文】If swallowed,drink plenty of water and
40、consult physician immediately.n【译文】如误饮本品如误饮本品，请即饮用大量清水并请医生诊治。47n【原文】How to use:Use morning and night after cleansing skin.Saturate a cotton pad and wipe gently over face.n【译文】使用方法：早晚洁面后洁面后使用。以化妆棉沾爽肤水轻拍脸部。n【原文】The transrapid accomplishes the functions of support,guidance,acceleration and braking by u
41、sing non-contact electromagnetic instead of mechanical force.n【译文】磁浮列车主主要依靠无接触的电磁力要依靠无接触的电磁力，而非机械力来实现支撑、导向、加速和刹车功能。48 独立分词结构 AbsoluteStructureofParticiples n分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语应该一致；否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构，表示时间、原因、条件、方时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况式或伴随情况等。n独立结构一般位于句首句首；表示附加说明时，它常位于句末。独立分词结构的译法和分词短语的译法基本相同。49n【原文】T
42、he friction being great,we have to take precautions to prevent these parts from wearing down too fast.n【译文】由于摩擦力很大由于摩擦力很大，我们必须采取预防措施，防止机器部件磨损过速。n【原文】This phenomenon of howling is caused by the microphone picking up the sound output from the speaker.n【译文】话筒的“啸叫”现象是由于麦克风拾取扬声器发出的声音造成的。n【原文】Other condit
43、ions being equal,the pressure remains constant.n【译文】如果其他条件相同如果其他条件相同，则压力不变。50大量使用动词不定式 infinitivesn动词不定式可以起到各种从句的功能，使句子结构紧凑，因而在商品说明书中的应用相当普遍。n【原文】To prevent this,first decrease the volume,then place the microphone so that it is not pointed to the speaker and that there is a sufficient distance betwe
44、en the microphone and the speaker.n【译文】为防止此现象发生为防止此现象发生，首先调低音量，拉开麦克风同扬声器的距离，不使麦克风和扬声器相对。51n【原文】Motor pulley is provided with taper sleeve so as to be easy in installing and dismounting it.n【译文】电机皮带轮上备有锥套，便于便于安装和拆卸。n【原文】This type of meter is called a Multimeter with which to measure electricity.n【译文】
45、这种仪表称为万用表，用来用来测量电。n【原文】For a transistor to function normally,it is necessary to apply proper voltages to its electrodes.n【译文】为了为了使晶体管正常工作，必须给其电极加上给其电极加上合适的电压合适的电压。522.3 Useful Sentences产品说明书的常用句型产品说明书的常用句型n(情态动词情态动词)be+形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)+目的状语目的状语n(情态动词情态动词)+be+介词短语介词短语531、(情态动词情态动词)be+形容词形容词(或过去分词或过
46、去分词)+目的状语目的状语n本装置仅限由接受过导管插入诊断及治疗培训的医生使用。(某导管插入装置)nThe device should be used only by physicians trained in diagnostic and therapeutic catheter procedures.nThis mode is convenient for receiving both faxes and voice calls.n此模式极适用于接收传真与接听语音呼叫。nThe product is used for creating your own hair style special
47、 for creating your look and shaping beautiful hair.n一经使用本品，便能让您随意梳理成型，秀发硬挺，使您更加美丽。54类似常见句型还有：nbe used to.be used as.nbe designed to.be suitable to be used in.nbe available for.may be used to.nbe adapted for.be designed to be.so as to.n be capable of.552、(情态动词情态动词)+be+介词短语介词短语n这种句型用于说明物体的特征、状态和范围，以及计
48、量单位等。例如：nThe type CYJ15-18-18 oil pumping machine is of simple and compact construction.nCYJ15-18-18型抽油机，结构简单紧凑。n The wiring should be in good condition and core flex should not be exposed.n 这些配线须完好无损，中心导体不得裸露。nThe new type of machine should be of simple and compact construction.n这种新型机器，结构简单紧凑。56n（3）现在分词）现在分词+名词名词n 这种句型用于说明维修或操作程序及有关技术要求。nSimultaneously cutting two pieces of sheet is strictly forbidden.n绝对禁止同时冲剪两块板材。n（4）名词）名词+过去分词过去分词nTrouble:the stem stickynReasons:the stem bent;the spring broken;gland packing pressed too tightlyn 故障：阀杆运动不灵活n 原因：阀杆弯曲；弹簧损坏；压盖填料压得太紧
