1、句子成分句子成分 My brother teaches English at a school.主语谓语宾语状语一句话的主体，英语句子中不可一句话的主体，英语句子中不可 或缺的成分，是全句述说的对象或缺的成分，是全句述说的对象 常由常由或或担担 任任,放句首。放句首。句子成分My brother teaches English at a school.主语谓语宾语状语说出主语的说出主语的或或，由动词担，由动词担 任，放在主语之后。任，放在主语之后。句子成分句子成分nMy brother teaches English at a school.主语谓语宾语状语及物动词的及物动词的动作对象动作对象
2、和和介词所联系介词所联系 的对象的对象，常由，常由名词，代词，名词，代词，或或相当相当 于名词于名词的词担任，位于动词或介词之后的词担任，位于动词或介词之后.句子成分句子成分nMy brother teaches English at a school.主语谓语宾语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句 常由常由副词副词或或相当于副词的词组相当于副词的词组担任担任,说说 明时间，地点，原因等。明时间，地点，原因等。句子成分nBrown is a teacher.nIt is fine today.主语谓语表语表述主语的身份或特征的，表述主语的身份或特征的，常由常由名词
3、名词或或形容词形容词担任担任，置于置于连系动词连系动词之后。之后。状语句子成分 常常由形容词由形容词或或相当于形容词的短语相当于形容词的短语 或或从句从句担任，担任，形容词位于形容词位于名词之前名词之前 短语或从句置于名词之后。短语或从句置于名词之后。nJane is a beautiful girl.nWe have plenty of time.nThe man who lives next to us is a teacher.句子成分句子成分用来补充主语和宾语的意义用来补充主语和宾语的意义 一般都着重说明主语或宾语的身份一般都着重说明主语或宾语的身份 或特征或特征.n The pare
4、nts named their baby Tony.n You must keep your bedroom tidy.英语五种基本句型：1.1.+(主谓主谓)2.2.+(主系表主系表)3.3.+(主谓宾主谓宾)4.+IO+D(主谓间宾主谓间宾 直宾）直宾）5.5.+O(主谓宾主谓宾 宾补宾补)1.They work hard.2.The desk feels hard.3.Plants need water.4.He gave me some seeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.1.They work hard.主 +谓2.The d
5、esk feels hard.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gave me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型 一 +（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We
6、all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed.woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.练习1.鸟在飞翔。2.她的宝宝在哭。3.太阳正在落山。4.谁也没笑。Birds are flying.Her baby is crying.The sun is setting.No one laughed.练习25.你唱得很美。6.我咳了一夜。7.我们很少在外边吃饭。8.昨天发生了事故。You s
7、ing beautifully.I coughed all night.We seldom dine outside.The accident happened yesterday.常用的不及物动词（vi.)run,swim,jump,rise,laugh,fly,come,go等。属性动词:wash,sell,record,wear,read,write等与well,easily等副词连用，也构成主谓。基本句型基本句型 二二 +（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。Our s
8、chool became larger and larger.city/become/beautiful feel/happy主语主语 +系动词系动词 +表语表语（一）（一）be动词类：动词类：am、is、are、was、were（二）（二）表示变化类：表示变化类：become、get、turn、grow、go（三）（三）感官动词类感官动词类:眼（眼（look）耳）耳(sound)鼻鼻(smell)舌舌(taste)身身(feel)（四）（四）表示延续性的动词表示延续性的动词：remain、stay、keep 练习1今天我感觉不太舒服。2 他看上去很累。3 你的汤味道很好。4 她似乎对计划不感
9、兴趣。I dont feel very well today.He looks very tired.Your soup tastes very good.She doesnt seem very interested in the plan.5 天越来越冷了。6 孩子不久就睡着了。7 他长得相当高了。8 听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。Its getting colder and colder.Soon the child fell asleep.She went pale at the news.He has grown quite tall.系动词主要分三类：be,look,feel,smel
10、l,taste,soundseem,appear get,grow,become,turn,go,come,prove(turn out)stay,keep,remain be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义 基本句型 三 +（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.I 7.He the answer?her.English.
11、cakes.some apples.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.knows laughs at understands made ate want said 练习11过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。2 他们很快控制了病情。3 他们只是在建空中楼阁。Weve achieved a lot in the past twenty years.They soon controlled the disease.They are just building castles in the air.4 我十分欣赏你们的表演。5 这会造成错误的印象。6 我们总是交换圣诞节
12、礼物的。I enjoyed every minute of your performance.We always exchange Christmas gifts.That will create a wrong impression.基本句型 四+IO+D+IO+D(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物,通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I
13、 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.My friend lent me this book last week.owe/money/last year buy/bicycle/next Christmas tell/
14、news/the day before yesterday 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾直接宾语语 S+V+(sb)+(sthS+V+(sb)+(sth)练习1 她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。2 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。3 这会省去你很多麻烦。4 请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。She sang us an English song.Ill make you some fresh tea.That will save you a lot of trouble.Please fetch me todays paper.4 把车钥匙递给我。5 把你们的计划用传真发给我们。6 你可否把书单用
15、电子邮件发给我？7 把那本书扔给我。Hand me the car key.Please fax us your plans.Throw me that book.Can you e-mail me the book list?常用的带双宾语的动词常跟双宾语的动词 give,offer,teach,tell,read,ask,bring,pass,lend,return,write,throw,allow,send,cost make,buy,do,get,save,cook,sing,find等。等。tofortake,give,teach,bring,lend,mail,offer,pas
16、s,hand,sell,send,show,throw,answer,award,write,grant,permit,promise,paydo,buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏演奏)，save,sing,基本句型 五 +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）O（宾语）（宾语）O（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I the
17、table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back.getting on the bus.keep painted call found makes saw asked saw主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 S+V+(O)+(OC)I found him lying in bed.hear/cry/next roomnotice/thief/steal/housefeel/building/shakesee/trees/plant/
18、mountainI obliged him to do his homework.he/teach/pupils/speak/English she/advise/him/listen/every day she/allow/me/use/dictionary主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 S+V+(O)+(OC)She thinks it right for her to do so.consider/wrong find/difficult think/a good idea主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 S +V+(O)+(OC)练
19、习11我们把窗框漆成了黄色。2 她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。3 他发现这工作很有意思。4 什么使你这样生气？We painted the window frames yellow.She dyed her dress light blue.He found the job quite interesting.What made you so angry?5 我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好。6 你们必须保持房间干净。7 我认为这没有必要。8 不久他们就把她释放了。We must get the supper ready in half an hour.You must keep the room cle
20、an.Soon they set her free.I dont think it necessary.常用的带复合宾语的动词 think,consider,feel,find,have,see,hear,notice,get,leave,ask,tell,etc.典型句子分析 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full o
21、f students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs i
22、n East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。Hes getting angry.(S V P)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet.(S V O OC)He got himself into trouble.(S V O OC)He got her a splendid present.(S V IO DO)比 较I found the book easily.（S V O AD)I
23、found the book easy.(S V O OC)He often looks very careful.He often looks carefully at me.S V PS V prep O Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long,the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.S+V+P
