1、三维图形clf;t=(pi*(0:1000)/1000);y1=sin(t);y2=sin(10*t);y12=sin(t).*sin(10*t);subplot(2,2,1),plot(t,y1);axis(0,pi,-1,1)subplot(2,2,2),plot(t,y2);axis(0,pi,-1,1)subplot(position,0.2,0.05,0.6,0.45)plot(t,y12,b-,t,y1,-y1,r:);axis(0,pi,-1,1)0123-1-0.500.510123-1-0.500.5100.511.522.53-1-0.500.51三维图形x,y=meshg
2、rid(-3:0.3:3,-2:0.3:2);z=(x.2-2*x).*exp(-x.2-y.2-x.*y);mesh(x,y,z)axis(-3,3,-2,2,-0.7,1.5)colorbarfigure,surf(x,y,z),axis(-3,3,-2,2,-0.7,1.5),colorbar-202-2-1012-0.500.511.5-0.6-0.4-0.200.20.40.60.811.21.4-202-2-1012-0.500.511.5-0.6-0.4-0.200.20.40.60.811.21.4三维图形w 三维线的绘图函数plot3 plot3(u1,v1,w1,u2,v2
3、,w2)w 空间的直线 plot3(x1;x2,y1;y2,z1;z2)ps.三维图形的注释中，除了用zlabel标注z轴外，其他二维图形中的函数都可使用。三维图形 t=0:pi/50:10*pi;plot3(sin(t),cos(t),t)title(Helix),xlabel(sin(t),ylabel(cos(t),zlabel(t);text(0,0,0,Origin)三维图形-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51010203040sin(t)OriginHelixcos(t)t三维图形w 例，作一线框盒 盒子尺寸为 Lx*Ly*Lz.创建函数boxplot3，画出盒子六个面的四
4、条边。盒子位置和方向由两个对角坐标P(x0,y0,z0)和P(x0+Lx,y0+Ly,z0+Lz)确定。boxplot3(1,1,1,3,5,7)boxplot3(4,6,8,4,5,1)boxplot3(8,11,9,1,1,1)三维图形function boxplot3(x0,y0,z0,lx,ly,lz)%(0,0,0),(1,1,1)x=zeros(1,8);x(1:4)=x0;x(5:8)=x0+lx;%x=0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1y=zeros(1,8);y(1:8)=y0;y(3:4)=y0+ly;y(7:8)=y0+ly;z=zeros(1,8);z(1:8)=z0;z(
5、2:3)=z0+lz;z(6:7)=z0+lz;%y=0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1%z=0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0index=zeros(6,5);index(1,:)=1:4 1;index(2,:)=5:8 5;index(3,:)=1 2 6 5 1;index(4,:)=4 3 7 8 4;index(5,:)=2 6 7 3 2;index(6,:)=1 5 8 4 1;for k=1:6 plot3(x(index(k,:),y(index(k,:),z(index(k,:)hold onend三维图形三维图形w 柱形图cylinder x,y,z=cylinder x,y,
6、z=cylinder(r)x,y,z=cylinder(r,n)cylindercylinder(100,100)三维图形-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.5100.20.40.60.81-100-50050100-100-5005010000.20.40.60.81三维图形 t=0:pi/10:2*pi;cylinder(2+cos(t);-4-2024-4-202400.20.40.60.81三维图形X=0:.2:pi;R=exp(-X.2/2).*sin(X);%plot(R,X)%axis(square)figure;x,y,z=cylinder(R,20);surf(x,y,z
7、*pi)axis(-0.6,0.6,-0.6,0.6,0,pi)00.10.20.30.40.50.60.700.511.522.53三维图形三维图形w 三维饼图pie3 x=1 3 5 7 4;idex=0 0 1 0 1;pie3(x,idex)legend(x,y,z,m,n)35%20%25%5%15%xyzmn三维图形w 曲面mesh&surf表达式 surf/mesh(x,y,z)例：创建z(x1,x2)=x14+3*x12+x22-2*x1-2*x2-2*x12x2+6构成的三维图形，x1=-3 3 x2=-3 13xx1=linspace(-3,3,15);xx2=linspa
8、ce(-3,13,17);x1,x2=meshgrid(xx1,xx2);z=x1.4+3*x1.2-2*x1+6-2*x2.*x1.2+x2.2-2*x2;surf(x1,x2,z)figure;mesh(x1,x2,z)三维图形三维图形w Hidden on and hidden offx,y,z=sphere(12);subplot(1,2,1),mesh(x,y,z),title(Opaque)hidden on,axis offsubplot(1,2,2),mesh(x,y,z),title(transparent),hidden off,axis offOpaquetranspar
9、ent三维图形w 三维等值线图contour3 contour3(x,y,z)%(z)默认xy为1:n,1:mxx1=linspace(-3,3,15);xx2=linspace(-3,13,17);x1,x2=meshgrid(xx1,xx2);z=x1.4+3*x1.2-2*x1+6-2*x2.*x1.2+x2.2-2*x2;contour3(x1,x2,z)-3-2-101230510050100150200三维图形contour3(x1,x2,z,100)-3-2-101230510050100150200三维图形x,y,z=peaks(30);surf(x,y,z);figure;c
10、ontour3(x,y,z,16),gridz=3*(1-x).2.*exp(-(x.2)-(y+1).2).-10*(x/5-x.3-y.5).*exp(-x.2-y.2).-1/3*exp(-(x+1).2-y.2);-4-2024-4-2024-10-50510-3-2-10123-202-10-50510三维图形w 数据的二维等值线图contourx,y,z=peaks(30);contour(x,y,z);contour(x,y,z,16);-3-2-10123-3-2-10123三维图形w Pcolorsurf的二维等效函数 x,y,z=peaks(30);pcolor(x,y,z
11、)-3-2-10123-3-2-10123三维图形 x,y,z=peaks(30);pcolor(x,y,z)shading interp-3-2-10123-3-2-10123三维图形 x,y,z=peaks(30);pcolor(x,y,z)shading interp hold on contour(x,y,z,19,k)hold off-3-2-10123-3-2-10123三维图形w 其他三维图形函数quiver,waterfall,fill3,clabelx,y,z=peaks(30);waterfall(x,y,z)%waterfall 与函数mesh一样，不过他的网格线在x轴方
12、向出现-4-2024-4-2024-10-50510三维图形x,y,z=peaks(30);DX,DY=gradient(z,.5,.5);contour(x,y,z,10),hold onquiver(x,y,DX,DY)hold off-3-2-10123-3-2-10123三维图形w fill3与fill类似 fill3(x,y,z,c)%使用数组x,y,z作为多变形的顶点，而c作为指定颜色。w clabel 给等值线图标上高度值，这样做时，clabel需要contour等值线矩阵的输出x,y,z=peaks(30);cs=contour(x,y,z,8)clabel(cs),xlabe
13、l()-3-2-10123-3-2-10123-4.82-3.22-1.61-1.61-0.00742-0.00742-0.007421.61.63.23.23.24.816.42三维图形w meshc surfc x,y,z=peaks(30);meshc(x,y,z)-4-2024-4-2024-10-50510三维图形 x,y,z=peaks(30);surfc(x,y,z)-4-2024-4-2024-10-50510三维图形wmeshz surflMeshz:在网格周围画一个curtain图，起到参考平面的作用 meshz(peaks)010203040500204060-10-50
14、510三维图形w Surfl：用colormap-based lighting绘表面图w Surfl(x,y,z)：用默认的光源方向设置和默认的阴影模型光线系数创建三维阴影表面图。w Surfl(light)：用光线对象生成一个彩色的有明暗调子的表面w Surfl(,s)：指定光源方向三维图形w surfl(peaks(30)w shading interpw colormap(gray)w colormap copper01020300102030-10-5051001020300102030-10-5051001020300102030-10-5051001020300102030-10-
15、50510三维图形w 图形的颜色1)colormap colormap(map)colormap(default)cmap=colormap autumn 从红色向桔黄色，黄色过渡 bone 灰色图，具有较高的蓝色组分 colorcube 提供更多的灰色，纯红，纯绿，和纯蓝 cool 有青色和洋红阴影组成的颜色 copper 在黑色和古铜色之间平滑过渡三维图形 flag 由红色白色蓝色和黑色组成 gray 返回线形灰色图 hot 由黑色 红色 橘红色 黄色和白色之间平滑过渡 hsv 变化色度-饱和度颜色模型中的色度成分。jet 在蓝色青色黄色橘红色红色之间过渡 lines 生成由坐标轴colo
16、rorder属性指定的色图和灰色阴影 pink summer spring white winter.三维图形w 图形的颜色2)shading shading flat/faceted/interp-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51Shading flat shading faceted shading interp三维图形w 图形的颜色3)colorbar colorbar(vert)colorbar(horiz)-1-0.500
17、.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.200.20.40.60.81-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.500.51-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.200.20.40.60.81三维图形w 三维图形的视图控制view view(az,el)view(az,el)AZ=-37.5,EL=30 is the default 3-D view.AZ=0,EL=90 is overhead and the default 2-D view.AZ=EL=0 looks directly up the first column of the
18、 matrix.AZ=180 is behind the matrix.三维图形w peaks(40);w view(0,0)w view(0,90)w view(45,45)-3-2-10123-202-505xPeaksy-3-2-10123-6-4-202468xPeaks-3-2-10123-3-2-10123xPeaksy-3-2-10123-3-2-10123-505yPeaksx三维图形w 三维图形的光照lighting camlighting lighting flat 选择平面光照 lighting gouraud 选择gouraud光照 lighting phong 选择p
19、hong光照 light none 没有光照Torus=60=60=90Torus+disc三维图形w 例：三位物体的旋转和转换从一点到另一点的转换公式 X=Lx+a11*x+a12*y+a13*z Y=Ly+a21*x+a22*y+a23*z Z=Lz+a31*x+a32*y+a33*z三维图形function Xrt,Yrt,Zrt=EulerAngles1(psi,chi,phi,Lx,Ly,Lz,x,y,z)R=cos(psi)*cos(chi),-cos(psi)*sin(chi),sin(psi);cos(phi)*sin(chi)+sin(phi)*sin(psi)*cos(ch
20、i),cos(phi)*cos(chi)-sin(phi)*sin(psi)*sin(chi),-sin(phi)*cos(psi);sin(phi)*sin(chi)-cos(phi)*sin(psi)*cos(chi),sin(phi)*cos(chi)+cos(phi)*sin(psi)*sin(chi),cos(phi)*cos(psi);Xrt=R(1,1)*x+R(1,2)*y+R(1,3)*z+Lx;Yrt=R(2,1)*x+R(2,2)*y+R(2,3)*z+Ly;Zrt=R(3,1)*x+R(3,2)*y+R(3,3)*z+Lz;三维图形w 生成圆环面function x,y
21、,z=cartire(a,b)r=linspace(b-a,b+a,10)th=linspace(0,2*pi,22)xx=r*cos(th)yy=r*sin(th)zz=real(sqrt(a2-(sqrt(xx.2+yy.2)-b).2);x=xx xx;y=yy yy;z=zz-zz;三维图形w 生成圆盘functionXD,YD,ZD=CarDisc(a,b)discr=linspace(0,b-a,7);th=linspace(0,2*pi,16);XD=discr*cos(th);YD=discr*sin(th);ZD=zeros(7,16)三维图形w 圆环及圆环与内部圆盘的旋转三维图形w 生成长度为2*L2，直径为0.3(b-a)车轴function XC,YC,ZC=CarShaft(a,b,L2)th=linspace(0,2*pi,16)XC,ZC=meshgrid(0.3*(b-a)*cos(th),-L2,L2);YC=meshgrid(0.3*(b-a)*sin(th),-L2,L2);作业二w 下式表示一外缘固定的方形薄膜，画出其形状及等高线图，图中在0=x=1及0=y=1时，每个方向使用25个网格点w w(x,y)=sin(2*pi*x)sin(3*pi*y)
