1、1.mix;mixture 2.wealthy;wealth3.distance;distant4.approximately;approximate5.tradition;traditional 6.slight;slightly7.terrify;terrified;terrifing 8.pleased;pleasant;please;pleasure9.impress;impressive;impression10.surround;surrounding;surroundings 11.multicultural;multiply12.downtown;urban;suburb13.
2、governor;govern;government14.eastward;westward;upward;downward1.rather than 2.catch sight of 3.in the distance 4.at down 5.定居；平静下来；专心于定居；平静下来；专心于 6.有有.天赋天赋7.闲谈闲谈 8.设法做设法做由名词或者代词加上分词等构成的一种独由名词或者代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，相当于状语的作用，修饰整个句立结构，相当于状语的作用，修饰整个句子。主句与独立主格之间不用任何的连接子。主句与独立主格之间不用任何的连接词。词。(一一)非谓语动词独立主格结构非谓语
3、动词独立主格结构 逻辑主语逻辑主语+非谓语动词非谓语动词 (不定式、现在分词、过去分词不定式、现在分词、过去分词)1.“1.“名词名词/代词代词+不定式不定式”结构结构由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作还未发生的动作或状态或状态，在句中常作，在句中常作 ，偶尔作，偶尔作 。e.g.His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.e.g.No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.如果没人叫醒我，我会错过第一
4、节课的。如果没人叫醒我，我会错过第一节课的。原因状语原因状语条件状语条件状语2.“名词名词/代词代词+现在分词现在分词”结构结构该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。方式或伴随状语等。(1)作作 状语：状语：Everyone having sat down,the teacher began his class.每个人都坐好后，老师开始上课。每个人都坐好后，老师开始上课。(相当于时间状语从句相当于时间状语从句:When everyone had sat down)(2)作作 状语：状语：The boy leading th
5、e way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就走出了森林。由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就走出了森林。(相当于原因状语从句相当于原因状语从句:Because the boy led the way)时间时间原因原因2.“2.“名词名词/代词代词+现在分词现在分词”结构结构(3)作 状语：My health allowing,I will work far into the night.我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于条件状语从句：（相当于条件状语从句：If my hea
6、lth allows）(4)作 状语：We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。The students are walking in the school happily,each wearing a card in front of his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。条件条件方式或伴随方式或伴随3.“名词/代词+过去分词”结构该结构在句中常作该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、
7、方式或伴随时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语、条件状语等。状语、条件状语等。(1)作 状语：The test finished,well have our summer vocation.考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。(2)作 状语：Thousands of eyes fixed upon him,Nick felt on edge.上千只眼睛看着他，尼克感到紧张。上千只眼睛看着他，尼克感到紧张。时间时间原因原因(3)(3)作作 状语：状语：When in trouble,Sam would sit alone,head bend.萨姆遇到麻烦时，总是独自坐着
8、，头低着。萨姆遇到麻烦时，总是独自坐着，头低着。3.“名词/代词+过去分词”结构(4)(4)作作 状语：状语：More time given,we can finish the work.如果给我们更多的时间，我们就能完成这项工作。如果给我们更多的时间，我们就能完成这项工作。方式或伴随方式或伴随条件条件1.leading 2.allowing3.finished4.to go 5.alive6.absent 1.The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.2.The lights off,we could not go
9、on with the work.多党的多党的 _ 多国的、多民族的多国的、多民族的 _ 多向的多向的 _ 多彩的，彩色的多彩的，彩色的 _ 多媒体多媒体 _ 多文化的多文化的 _multipartymultinationalmultidirectionalmulticoloredmultimedia1.Canada is a multicultural country like China.multicultural 2.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way,they decided to fly from China to Vancouver
10、 and to take the train from west to east across Canada in September.rather than(prep.):in preference to(sb/sth);instead of 与其（某人与其（某人/某物）某物）;不愿不愿;不要不要 他不愿惹麻烦他不愿惹麻烦,宁可离去宁可离去._,he left.我想喝柠檬汁我想喝柠檬汁,不想喝可乐不想喝可乐.Ill _.他正忙于写信而不是读报他正忙于写信而不是读报.He was busy _ _.Rather than cause troublehave a lemonade rather
11、than a coke writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper3.It is the second biggest country in the world and as you go eastward,you will see mountains,and pass by thousands of lakes,forests and wide rivers as well as cities.eastward也作也作eastwards,副词副词,意为意为“向东向东”-ward(s)=in a direction 向前向前 _ _ 向后向
12、后 _ 向外向外 _ _ 向南向南 _ 向西向西 _ _ 向北向北 _ _ forward(s)backward(s)northward(s)outward(s)southward(s)westward(s)他们向东航行。他们向东航行。_._.我们难以决定是向东走还是向西走。我们难以决定是向东走还是向西走。We couldnt decide _ _.They sailed eastward whether to go eastward or westwardthousands of 成千上万的成千上万的注意：注意：million,billion,thousand,hundred,score,d
13、ozen之前有之前有确定的数字时，不论后面是有无确定的数字时，不论后面是有无of,of,词尾都词尾都不加不加s s.如果前面没有确定的数字而后接如果前面没有确定的数字而后接ofof时，词尾都时，词尾都加加s s.300300名学生名学生 _这些鸡蛋里的这些鸡蛋里的3 3打打 _ _ 几打鸡蛋几打鸡蛋 _three hundred studentsthree dozen of these eggsdozens of eggs4.On the coast north of Vancouver some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the
14、world still remain.north of=to the north 表示表示“在在的北方的北方”，其他其他方位词，如：方位词，如：east,west,south,southeast,northeast等，等，都有类似的用法。都有类似的用法。他住在洛杉矶以东（的地方）。他住在洛杉矶以东（的地方）。_.He lives to the east of Los Angeles1.eastwards2.distant3.surrounded4.slightly 5.urban6.especially 7.chatting 8.be taken 9.surrounded 10.being 1
15、.a gift/talent for2.It was amazing3.larger than any other country4.would rather;than5.with;measuring1.The manager looks worried，many things to settle.2.The manager looks relaxed,many things settled.3.When in trouble,Sam would sit alone,head bend.4.Everyone having sat down,the teacher began his class.5.The students are walking in the school happily,each wearing a card in front of his chest.6.We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two.
