1、Key words expressionsLesson 64 The Channel Tunnel tunnel 1.n.地下通道，隧道，地道(a passage under a river or the sea,or through the hills.)The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道eg.The train passes through several tunnels.火车穿过了几个隧道light at the end of the tunnel 苦尽甘来port n.港，港口，港口城市enter a port make a port 入港leave a port clea
2、r a port 出港【谚】the port in a storm 慌不择路，穷途之策ventilate v.使空气流通，使空气进入well-ventilated 通风良好的poorly-ventilated 不通风的eg.Our classroom is well-ventilated.ventilation n.u 空气流通，畅谈put a problem to ventilation ventilator n.通风设备，通风口chimney 烟囱clean a chimney/sweep a chimney eg.The smoke poured out of the chimney.a
3、 blocked chimney 堵塞的烟囱eg.It is said that Santa Claus(Father Christmas)comes down chimneys at Christmas to bring presents.sea level n.海平面 level 1.n.水平，水面1000 metres above sea-level 海拔1000米 2.n.(文化、学问等)水准，程度，标准high-level 高级的/low-level 低级的3.adj.（土地等）平的，水平的a level surface 平坦的表面The road is level.double 1
4、.adj.双的，双倍的（通常作定语）a double room a double bed double chin 双下巴double negative 双重否定double Dutch 莫名其妙的话，晦涩的话2.adv.双倍地，两倍地pay double 付双倍钱3.v.使.增加，使.增倍eg.He doubled his income this year.fear 1.n.u 恐惧，害怕eg.The soldier didnt show his fear.The child had no fear of water.2.n.c 畏惧，不安a fear of heights 恐高症She ha
5、s a great fear of fire.3.v.恐惧，害怕(be afraid of)fear death fear illness Never fear!(Dont worry!)fear to do sth fear doing sth 害怕做某事eg.The little boy fears staying alone in the dark.She fears to speak in his presence.有他在场她不敢讲话fearful adj.可怕的，害怕的a fearful storm 一场可怕的暴风The baby is fearful of loud noise.f
6、earless adj.不怕的，无畏的invade v.侵略，侵犯invade a small country invade sbs rights 侵犯某人的权利tourists invade the city invader n.入侵者，侵略者invasion n.侵略eg.The invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939.1939年德国队波兰的侵略officially adv.office n.办公室，办公楼officer n.军官，政府官员official 1.adj.官方的，正式的，公务的，职权的an official decision 官方决定an
7、official announcement 官方公告2.n.官员government officials 政府官员officially adv.正式地，公务或公职上Ive been officially invited to the wedding.我被正式邀请去参加婚礼announce officially 官方地宣布connect 1.v.连接，结合connect A with Bconnect A to B A highway connects the two cities.2.v.将（电话）接通（给某人）Please connect me with New York.请把电话接到纽约c
8、onnection n.连接，联合，联系continent n.洲，大陆 the Continent 指欧洲大陆the New Continent 新大陆(南北美洲大陆)Asia 亚洲Africa 非洲North America 北美洲South America 南美洲Europe 欧洲Oceania 大洋洲Antarctic 南极洲Key structures 条件句1.真实条件句：对将来可能发生的事情的假设，主句用将来时，从句用现在时If he is out,Ill call tomorrow.Youll miss the train if you dont hurry.2.非真实条件句：
9、A：对现在事实假设或对不可能事情假设 主句：would do 从句：一般过去时（were）If you went to the party,you would enjoy it.If I were in your position,I would act differently.B：对过去事实做相反假设 主句：would have done 从句：had done You would have missesd the train if you had not hurried.If you had gone to the party,you would have enjoyed it.l错综时间
10、下的用法：过去条件错综时间下的用法：过去条件+现实情况现实情况 If he had taken the doctors advice,he should not be ill now.要是当初听了医生要是当初听了医生的话，他现在就不会生病了。的话，他现在就不会生病了。If the doctor hadnt come in time,the patient would be dead by now.大夫及时大夫及时到了，病人得救了到了，病人得救了。l“ifif”的省略的省略条件句中的条件句中的if在下列情况中可省略在下列情况中可省略：If+主+had/were/shouldHad/were/sh
11、ould+主If I were in your place,I wouldnt date him.Were I in your place,I wouldnt date him.If I had known the plan,I would have given it more careful thought.Had I known the plan,I would have given it more careful thought.lWish句I wish that I were as tall as Yao Ming.I wish I had told you the truth the
12、 other day.l as if/as though“好像”句He acted as if he had never lived in England before.Exercises:1.If you had told me about it earlier,I _(be able)to help you.2.If you _(can/come)with us,we would have been pleased.3.You _(not make)such a mistake if you had been more careful.4.If father _(be)alive,he w
13、ould be horrified.5.If it _(be)fine tomorrow,we will go for a swim.would have been able could have come would not have made wereis1.In 1858,a French enginner,Aime Thome de Gamond,arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the EnglishChannel.a French enginner是主语，Aime Thome de G
14、amond是同位语成分，补充说明这个法国工程师叫什么名字。a French enginner arrived in England是句子主干，with后面整个的介词短语作伴随状语，修饰谓语动词arrived。介词短语for a twenty-one-mile tunnel作定语修饰plan。1.twenty-one-mile 复合形容词，只能作前置定语，mile以单数形式出现a two-year-old boy her six-year-old daughter 2.a plan for sth.的计划eg.Do you have any plans for this evening?We m
15、ade plans for holidays.2.He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the center of the Channel.it is possible to do sth 做某事是有可能的it 做形式主语，to do 不定式做真正的主语platform 1.平台，讲台stand on the platform.2.月台an arrival platform 到站月台3.This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.serve as
16、充当eg.When you sleep in the open,old newspapers can serve as a blanket.serve sb with 拿出.款待（某人）eg.The waiter served us with wine.4.The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.主句是would do,从句是were built一般过去时，按理说这句话是一种可能性的假设，应该是“主将从现”，但是整篇文章都是以过去时为基调，因此这句话相应的变成过去时态。5.I
17、n 1860,a better plan was put forward by an Englishman,William Low.put forward 提出供考虑或讨论，将某事提前eg.We have put forward the date of our wedding by one week.我们把婚礼提前了一周forward 向前backward 向后eg.Forward!向前，前进！backward and forward.来回地，前后地go/move forward 向前走from this time forward 从此以后7.This would solve the prob
18、lem of ventilation,for if a train entered this tunnel,it would draw in fresh air behind it.主句是would draw,从句是entered一般过去时，按理说这句话是一种可能性的假设，应该是“主将从现”，但是整篇文章都是以过去时为基调，因此这句话变成过去时态If a train enters the tunnel,it will draw in fresh air behind it.draw in 抽进，吸进，（白天时间）渐短eg.The days are drawing in.白昼渐短The days
19、 are drawing out.白昼渐长draw back 退回eg.The dog drew back in terror when it saw the snake.当狗看见蛇时，它害怕地退回去了。draw up 1.(车辆)停下来A taxi drew up outside the bank.2.草拟，签署A new trading agreement was drawn up between Holland and Denmark荷兰和丹麦签署了一项新的贸易协定draw off 离开，走了Two men got out and the taxi drew off.两个男人下车后，车开
20、走了6.He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.suggest 表建议，+宾语从句，从句中用should do suggest+doingHe suggested that we should make a plan.he suggested making a plan.a double railway-tunnel 双轨隧道8.If,at the time,the British had not feared invasion,it would have been completed.对过去事实相反的假设，过去英国人
21、是fear invasion的,所以主句用的would have done,而且是被动语态，从句用had done。the British 英国人 9.It was officially opened on March 7,1994,finally connecting Britain to the European continent.connecting现在分词短语作伴随状语，表伴随状态，在开通的同时将英国与欧洲大陆连通1.c 2.c 3.c 前一句It would be possible to build a platform 意思为“建造一座平台是可能的”。该句的主语是A platfo
22、rm,需要选一个合适的动词做谓语，使它同前一句含义相同。a.could build 和d.would build 都是主动语态，但是本句的主语是物不是人，故都不应该用主动语态。b.would be built 和 c.could be built 都是被动语态，合乎语法，但是could be built(可能或能够被建成)比would be built(会被建成)意思更贴切，更接近前一句的含义，所以选c.4.c 该句的谓语动词suggested 后面只能跟动名词短语或that 从句，从句中用should加动词原形才合乎语法。所以只有c.building 是动名词，最符合语法，所以选c.a.b.
23、d.都不符合语法。5.b 6.b 因为主句的动词是would 加动词原形，所以if 引导的条件句应该是一般过去时，才能成为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。a.would enter,c.will enter,d.enters 都不是一般过去时，只有b.entered 是一般过去时，因此只能选b.7.c a.interesting in;b.interested for 和 d.interesting for 这3个选择都不合乎习惯用法，不是正确的表达方式，只有c.interested in(对感兴趣)是固定短语，最合乎题目意思，所以应该选c.Special Difficulties8.c 只有c.v
24、entilation(通风)是前一句中的动词ventilated(通风)的名词形式，因此c.最符合题目意思，选c.而a.air,b.airing,c.circulation(循环，流通)都不是ventilate 的名词形式，所以多不对。air 有使通风的意思，跟ventilate 意思比较接近，但是ventilate 的名词形式是ventilation 而不是air,所以不用air.9.a 该句需要选一个同前一句中的put forward(提出)含义相同的动词，才能使两个句子意义相同。a.suggested(建议);b.intended(想要，打算);c.aimed at(瞄准，对着)和d.p
25、lanned(计划)4个词中只有a.同put forward 含义最接近，所以选a.10.b 该句需要选一个同前一句中的动词feared(害怕)意义相同的词或词组，才能同前面句子意义相同。a.in favour of(赞成，支持);b.afraid of(害怕);c.prevented(阻止);和d.ended(结果)中，只有b 同feared 意义相同，所以应该选b.11.b 该句需要选出一个同前一句中的动词connects(连接)含义相同的词或词组.a.mixed(混合);b.joined together(连接在一起);c.rejoined(再接合);bined(联合,结合)中,只有b.同connects 含义最接近,所以选b.12.b 该句需要选出一个同前一句中的completed(完成的)意义相同的词，以使两个句子意义相同。a.ended(结束);b.finished(完成，做完);c.prevented(阻止)和d.stopped(停止)中，只有b.同completed 含义相同，所以选b.
