1、UNIT 5 Humans And Nature Lesson 3 Race to The PoleUNIT 5 Humans And Nature Lesson 3 Race to The Pole语法语法常见后缀在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀，使之变成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫作派生法。词缀有前缀和后缀两种。一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，加后缀改变词性。我们通常可以根据后缀判断出一个词的词性。1.-(t)ion,-ation-(t)ion和-ation表示”状态，动作过程，行为，常与动词结合构成名词。例词：action,expression,graduation,education,sta
2、rvation,introduction等。【典例1】(2O20全国卷语法填空节选)Chinese New Year is a_(celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案解析】celebration。不定冠词a后面应接可数名词单数，所以填celebration。【典例2】(2019浙江语法填空节选)Other American studies showed no_(connect)between uniforms and school performance.【答案解析】conn
3、ection/connections。根据no可知，空处要用connect的名词形式。connection表示联系，关联，为可数名词，故 填connection/connections.。2.-ness-ness表示性质，状态，常与形容词结合构成名词。例词：happiness,sadness,fitness,illness,kindness等。【典例】(2019北京语法填空改编)Earth Day,marked on22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public_(aware)about environmental protection.【
4、答案解析】awareness。由空前的public可知，此处应填名词。awareness表示意识，为不可数名词。3.-ful和-less-ful和-less表示相反的意义。-ful表示充满的，有性质的，-less表示无的，不的。-ful和-less常与 名词或动词结合构成形容词。例词：-ful构成的形容词：useful,harmful,hopeful,careful,helpful,meaningful,forgetful,thankful,fearful,beautiful等。-less构成的形容词：useless,harmless,hopeless,careless,helpless,me
5、aningless,homeless等。【典例1】(2020全国卷语法填空节选)Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花)：The(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.【答案解析】beautiful。空处和空后的long共同修饰名词branches,所以填形容词beautiful。【典例2】(2018江苏完形填空改编)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became_(home)due to their wrong inv
6、estment.Their savings had been used up to pay lawyersfees.【答案解析】homelesse。根据第二句话可知，Winn夫妇花光了积蓄来支付律师费用，可推出空处应用形容词homeless,表示无家 可归的”。4.-ly既可与名词结合构成形容词，表示品质的；每。；又可与形容词结合构成副词，表示地状态，程度，方 式。例词：-ly构成的形容词：friendly,lovely,lively,daily,weekly等。-y构成的副词：extremely,slowly,happily,carefully等。注意：daily,weekly等也可作副词。
7、【典例11(2020全国卷语法填空节选)As the small boat moved_(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.【答案解析I gently。空处修饰谓语moved,故用副词gently。【典例2】(2020浙江1月读后续写改编)All that week,Poppy didnt seem interested in her dinner,her favorite toy,or even in her _(day)wa
8、lk.【答案解析】daily。此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词walk,故填daily,表示”每日的。课本39页 FOCUS ON LANGUAGE:SUFFIXES 7 Complete the Word Builder.Then use the correct form of the words in the Word Builder to complete the sentences below.-tion-tion-less-ful-ness-lypreparation situation hopful /hopeless cheerfulexploration anxiousnesssa
9、dness prepare situate hopecheerexploreanxioussad1 Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring during the Antarctic winter of 1911.2 Amundsen got to the South Pole before Scott because he had done more_ before leaving for the Pole.3 Scott and his team got into a difficult _because their sledges br
10、oke down.preparation situation 4 Scotts team tried to stay _despite of all the difficulties they faced.5 Scott experienced a great sense of _after realising that all of his efforts to reach the South Pole were for nothing.cheerfulsadness6.Scott wrote about their _situation in his diary.7 The bad weather increases the danger of their _ hopeless exploration
