1、Unit 3Traffic2012Pace Car In motorsport,a pace car or safety car is a car which limits the speed of competing cars on a racetrack in the case of a caution period such as an obstruction on the track.During a caution period the pace car enters the track ahead of the leader.With fewexceptions,competito
2、rs are not allowed to pass the pace car or other competitors during a caution period,and the pace car leads the field at a pre-determined safe speed,Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningwhich may vary by series and circuit.At the end of the caution period,
3、the pace car leaves the track and the competitors may resume racing.Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningPre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningDriving Simulator Driving Simulators are used for entertainment as wel
4、l as in training of drivers education courses taught in educational institutions and private businesses.They are also used for research purposes in the area of human factors and medical research,to monitordrivers behavior,performance,and attention and in the car industry to design and evaluate new v
5、ehicles or new advanced driver assistance systems.motorsport:a collection of sports which primarily involve the use of motorized vehicles,such as motorcycle racing,truck racing and motorboat racing.Part APart Badvanced driver assistance system:a system to help the driver in its driving process.When
6、designed with a safe Human-Machine Interface,it should increase car safety and more generally road safety.Part APart BPre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningpace car prescribed course driving simulator inebriated rear-endingpick up speed the overall flow of
7、traffic driver performancehands-free model领驶车领驶车规定车道规定车道驾驶模拟器驾驶模拟器喝醉的喝醉的追尾追尾加速加速整个车流量整个车流量驾驶员行为驾驶员行为免提式免提式Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListeningA news reporter is going to give a report on a research study on driving while talking on a cell phone.List
8、en to the report and try to get its main ideas by taking notes.Fill in the blanks according to your notes.Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening1.What is this news report about?2.Why is driving while talking on a cell phone worse than driving while dr
9、unk?This news report is about driving while talking on a cell phone._ _Because the research finds that those talking on a phone are more sluggish and slower in reacting._ _Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening3.Who holds that driving while talking on
10、 a cell phone is worse than driving while drunk?4.When was this statement made?The researchers at the University of Utah,USA._In the summer of 2006._Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening5.How was the conclusion obtained that driving while talking on
11、a cell phone is worse than driving while drunk?Using a driving simulator,the researchers compared 40 peoples driving abilities in three groups:on the phone,drunk,and with no distractions._Listen to the report again and try to answer the following questions.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Tak
12、e NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B1.How dangerous is driving while talking on the cell phone according to the report?It will increase the likelihood of an accident five-fold.2.In what way is driving while talking on the phone different from driving while drunk?Drunk drivers are aggressive,
13、while those talking on the phone are more sluggish.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B3.How much will driving while talking on the phone affect the driver?4.What is the governmental response to driving while on the cell phone?It will reduce the dri
14、vers reaction time by 9 percent in braking and 19 percent in picking up speed after braking.Some states have made laws to prohibit the use of cell phones while driving.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B5.Is the governmental legislation effective a
15、nd why?It is not effective because the drivers will use the hands-free model,which is also dangerous.Part APart BDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29,2006 Thursday,June 29 Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of a
16、n accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk,U.S.researchers report.That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device,the researchers noted.Part APart B “As a society,we have agreed on not tolerating the risk associated with dru
17、nk driving,”said researcher Frank Drews,an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah.“This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk cell phones actually are a higher risk,”he said.His teams report appears
18、 in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors.In the study,40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course,using a driving simulator.Some people drove while talking on a cell phone,othersPart APart Bnavigated while drunk(meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 p
19、ercent),and others drove with no such distractions or impairments.“We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone,”Drews said.Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers,the researchers found.The phone users
20、fared even worse than the inebriated,the Utah team found.There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car.InPart APart Bcontrast,there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk,or the sober,cell-phone-free group.The
21、bottom line:Cell-phone use was linked to“a significant increase in the accident rate,”Drews said.He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone.Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive,while those talking on the phone were more sluggish,Dre
22、ws said.In addition,the researchers found talking on thecell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking.“This is significant,because it has an impact on traffic as a system,”Drews said.“If we have drivers who are taking a lot
23、 of time in accelerating once having slowed down,the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,”he said.In response to safety concerns,some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving.But that type of legislation may not be effective,because the Utah researchers found n
24、o difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands-free model.Part APart BPart APart BDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29,2006 Thursday,June 29 Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases
25、 the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk,U.S.researchers report.That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device,the researchers noted.Part APart B “As a society,we have agreed on not tolerating the risk
26、 associated with drunk driving,”said researcher Frank Drews,an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah.“This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk cell phones actually are a higher risk,”he said.His
27、teams report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors.In the study,40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course,using a driving simulator.Some people drove while talking on a cell phone,othersPart APart Bnavigated while drunk(meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the l
28、egal limit of 0.08 percent),and others drove with no such distractions or impairments.“We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone,”Drews said.Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers,the researchers fo
29、und.The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated,the Utah team found.There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car.InPart APart Bcontrast,there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk,or the sober,cell-p
30、hone-free group.The bottom line:Cell-phone use was linked to“a significant increase in the accident rate,”Drews said.He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone.Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive,while those talking on the phone we
31、re more sluggish,Drews said.In addition,the researchers found talking on thecell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking.“This is significant,because it has an impact on traffic as a system,”Drews said.“If we have drivers
32、who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down,the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,”he said.In response to safety concerns,some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving.But that type of legislation may not be effective,because the Utah
33、 researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands-free model.Part APart BPre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BNias Island Nias Island lies about 125 km of west Sumatra Island on the Indian
34、 Ocean.It is part of North Sumatra Province.The water surrounding the island is great for sea activities,such as surfing and scuba diving.Surfers will call this island“Paradise on Earth”,for its bay challenges surfers with spectacular waves.In high seasons,the waves are told to be as high as 3.5 met
35、ers.Nias ceremonial stone jumpNias war dancePre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BSimeulue Regency Simeulue Regency is a regency in the Aceh province of Indonesia.It occupies a whole island of Simeulue,150 km of the west coast off Sumatra.Its people are sim
36、ilar to the people in the neighboring Nias Island,with a language that differs from mainland Aceh.Most of people of Simeulue are Muslim.Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BRed Crescent Red Crescent is a branch of the Red Cross that operates in Muslim coun
37、tries.The Red Crescent emblem was first used by ICRC volunteers during the armed conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Russia(18771878).The symbol was officially adopted in 1929,and so far(as of 2009)33 Islamic states have recognized it.Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground Inf
38、ormationPart APart BtsunamidevastateNias IslandThe Associated Press ablazestaffthe U.N.emergencyrelief coordinator海啸海啸使荒芜使荒芜尼亚斯岛尼亚斯岛美国联合通讯社（美联社）美国联合通讯社（美联社）着火着火担任担任的职员的职员联合国紧急救援联合国紧急救援事务协调员事务协调员Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart Btemblorepicentercourse of
39、 actionin the wake ofSimeulue IslandRed Crescentevacuatethe Pacific Tsunami Warning Center地震地震震中震中行动计划行动计划在在之后之后锡默卢岛锡默卢岛红新月会红新月会撤离撤离太平洋海啸预警中心太平洋海啸预警中心 A news reporter is going to report a disaster in Indonesia.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BLis
40、ten to the news and try to get its main ideas by taking notes.Fill in the blanks according to your notes.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsLate Monday._1.When did the quake in this news report happen?Near Nias Island,off the west coast of Indonesi
41、a._2.Where was the quake?At least 300 people died and hundreds were injured._3.How many people died or were injured in the earthquake?Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details4.How big was the quake?Between 8.5 and 8.7._The aid officials._5.Who met to pl
42、an a course of action?Listen to the news again and try to answer the following questions.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details1.What did people do to keep safe during the quake?People ran to hilltops for safety.2.Were there any tsunamis after the ear
43、thquake?No tsunamis happened after the earthquake.3.In which area were people urged to leave home for safety?Residents within 1,000 kilometers(620 miles)of the epicenter were asked to evacuate coastal regions.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details4.Wh
44、ich countries issued tsunami warnings when the quake struck?India,Malaysia and Thailand.5.Which countries were affected by the quake?It was felt in Indonesia,Malaysia,Singapore and as far north as Bangkok,Thailand.Quake Kills at Least 300 on Indonesian IslandVice President Says up to 2,000 Could Be
45、Dead (CNN)A major earthquake struck off the west coast of Indonesia late Monday killing hundreds;but fears of another tsunami like those that devastated the region in late December have faded.On Indonesias Nias Island at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured or trapped,said g
46、overnment spokesman Agus Mendrova.But international news agencies are reporting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias Island.Part APart B “It is predicted and its still a rough estimate that the number of the victims of dead may be between 1,000 and 2,000,”Vice President J
47、usuf Kalla told the el-Shinta radio station,according to The Associated Press.Between 500 and 1,000 homes were destroyed,and the islands public market was ablaze,Mendrova said.Between 10,000 and 15,000 people ran to hilltops for safety in case of a tsunami,Mendrova said.Many of the doctors and nurse
48、s who normally would staff the hospital fled to higher ground.“We have not heard of any tsunami hitting anywhere,”Jan Egeland,the U.N.emergency relief coordinator,told CNN from New York nearly six hours after the temblor struck.Still,Egeland said,the earthquake itself was responsible for casualties
49、on islands close to the epicenter.Dozens of aid officials met overnight in Sumatra to plan a course of action after daylight breaks in the region,Egeland said.There was a report of heavy damage on Simeulue Island in Indonesia,said Bernd Schell,head of tsunami operations for the International Federat
50、ion of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.Speaking from southern Aceh,Schell said“heavy,heavy shaking”lasted about three minutes.Based on the size of the earthquake,the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initially urged residents within 1,000 kilometers(620 miles)of the epicenter to e
