1、After the Declaration of Independence in 1776,which marked the official beginning of American national identity,the new nation needed a history,and part of that history would be expressed visually.Gilbert Stuart,George Washington,1796,is his most celebrated and famous work.Americas first well-known
2、school of paintingthe Hudson River Schoolappeared in 1820.Thomas Cole(1801-1848)View from Mount Holyoke,Northampton,Massachusetts,after a Thunderstorm or The Oxbow 1836Mount Washington,by John Frederick KensettControversy soon became a way of life for American artists.In fact,much of American painti
3、ng and sculpture since 1900 has been a series of revolts against tradition.To hell with the artistic values,announced Robert Henri(1865-1929).He was the leader of what critics called the Ashcan school of painting,after the groups portrayals of the ordinary and sometimes squalid aspects of city life.
4、Robert Henri,Snow in New York1902,Eviction,Everett Shin,1904Houston Street(1917),George LuksSoon the Ashcan school artists gave way to modernists arriving from Europethe cubists and abstract painters.Arthur Dove,Nature Symbolized(or Reefs)(1924)Nature Symbolized,Arthur Dove,1911Thunderstorm,Arthur D
5、ove,1917Realism has also been popular in the United States,despite modernist tendencies,such as the city scenes by Edward Hopper and the illustrations of Norman Rockwell.Nighthawks(1942)Edward Hopper Freedom of SpeechNorman RockwellScout at Ships Wheel,1913Norman RockwellThe problem we all live with
6、,Norman RockwellIn the years after World War II,a group of New York artists formed the first American movement to exert major influence internationally:abstract expressionism.The name has always been criticized as too large and paradoxical,yet the common definition implies the use of abstract art to
7、 express feelings,emotions,what is within the artist,and not what stands without.Franz Kline,Painting Number 2,1954The first generation of abstract expressionists was composed of artists such as Jackson Pollock,Willem De Kooning,Mark Rothko and Franz Kline.Jackson Pollock at work,and(right)No.5,1948
8、Peculiar Velocity,Jackson PollockNo.3/No.13(Magenta,Black,Green on Orange),oil on canvas painting by Mark Rothko,1949,No.3/No.13Mark Rothko1949Woman VWillem de Kooning1952Pop ArtRichard Hamilton,Just What Is It That Makes Todays Homes So Different,So Appealing?(1956)is one of the earliest works to b
9、e considered pop art.Roy LichtensteinWhaam!(1963).Pop ArtOnce you“got”Pop,you could never see a sign the same way again.And once you thought Pop,you could never see America the same way again.-Andy WarholPop ArtPop Art was an art movement in the late 1950s and 1960s that reflected everyday life and
10、common objects.Pop artists blurred the line between fine art and commercial art.Brillo Soap Pads Box,1964,AWF“Pop Artists did images that anybody walking down the street could recognize in a split secondall the great modern things that the Abstract Expressionists tried so hard not to notice at all.”
11、Gretchen Berg.Three Coke Bottles,1962 The Pop artists moved away from Abstract Expressionism which was the“in”style of art in the 50s.The Abstract Expressionist evoked emotions,feelings and ideas through formal elements such as:Line Color Shape Form TextureJackson Pollock,Number 4,1950Pop Artists us
12、ed common images from everyday culture as their sources including:Roy Lichtenstein,Masterpiece,1962 Advertisements Consumer goods Celebrities Photographs Comic stripsPop Artists used bold,flat colors and hard edge compositions adopted from commercial designs like those found in:Billboards Murals Mag
13、azines NewspapersCampbells Soup IIPop Artists reflected 60s culture by using new materials in their artworks including:Acrylic Paints Plastics Photographs Fluorescent and Metallic colorsRobert Rauschenberg,Retroactive II,1963As well as new technologies and methods:Mass production Fabrication Photogr
14、aphy Printing SerialsClaes Oldenburg,Floor Burger 1962Pop art was appealing to many viewers,while others felt it made fun of common people and their lives.It was hard for some people to understand why Pop Artists were painting cheap,everyday objects,when the function of art historically was to uphol
15、d and represent cultures most valuable ideals.Listerine Bottle,1963,Flag,Jasper JohnsAndy WarholAndy Warhol1928-19871928-1987Andy Warhol was one of the most famous Pop Artists.Part of his artistic practice was using new technologies and new ways of making art including:Photographic Silk-Screening Re
16、petition Mass production Collaboration Media eventsAndy Warhol,Brillo Boxes installation,“In the future,everyone will be famous for 15 minutes.”Andy WarholPaintings of the 60s“Superstars”In 1966 Andy Warhol produced the Velvet Undergrounds first LP.They would provide songs for several of Warhols fil
17、ms as well as perform in the happening“The Exploding Plastic Inevitable”.The Velvet Underground was fronted by Lou Reed.The band also consisted of Sterling Morrison,John Cale,Maureen Tucker,Doug Yule and Nico,another“Superstar”who Warhol basically forced on the already established group.The Cover of
18、“The VelvetUnderground&Nico”Warhol appropriated(used without permission)images from magazines,newspapers,and press photos of the most popular people of his timeSilver Liz Ferus Type,1963Warhol took common everyday items and gave them importance as“art”He raised questions about the nature of art:Kniv
19、es,1981What makes one work of art better than another?Brillo Soap Pads Box,1964The art world today reflects many of the ideas,methods and materials initiated by the Pop Art movement.Barbara Kruger,Untitled,1991Courtesy:Mary Boone Gallery,NYIn Untitled,1991,Barbara Kruger uses the iconography of the
20、American flag and hard edge graphics to pose a series of provocative questions about American cultural values.In Rabbit,1986,artist Jeff Koons cast a mass-produced inflatable Easter bunny in highly polished stainless steel.The sculpture became iconic of art in the 1980s.Jeff Koons,Rabbit,1986,Jeff K
21、oonsKEY POINTSAbstract Expressionism was the first American art movement to have international influence.It is usually defined as the use of abstract art to express feelings,emotions,what is within the artist,and not what stands without.Its most famous artist was Jackson Pollock.Pop Art was an art m
22、ovement in the late 1950s and 1960s that reflected everyday life and common objects.Pop artists blurred the line between fine art and commercial art.The most famous and influential pop artist was Andy Warhol.Andy Warhol did other things besides painting and printing.He made films,and he also worked with musicians.Most famously,he worked with The Velvet Underground,to make their record“The Velvet Underground and Nico.”The cover of the record has on it a painting of a banana by Warhol.
