1、中考英语语法归纳中考英语语法归纳九年级英语备课组九年级英语备课组 考点一考点一行为动词行为动词行为动词也称实义动词,它表示主语的动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语。行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词,可接宾语的是及物动词,不可以接宾语的是不及物动词。动词种类 接宾语的情况例词例句及物动词接单宾语clean/read/write/raise/wantHe is reading a book.他正在看书。接双宾语give/buy/show/pass/cookCan you pass me the ball?你能把球传给我吗?接复合宾语see/watch/make/think/findHe made u
2、s laugh.他使我们大笑。不及物动词不接宾语go/arrive/listen/riseThe sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。对点集训选择合适的动词填空。arrive bought raining get give seen1.Whos the first one to _?2.Its time to _ up,or youll be late.3.All of us have already _ the new film.4.My mum _ me a storybook yesterday.arrivegetseenbought5.Could you _ m
3、e some advice?6.Its _ heavily outside.giveraining 考点二考点二连系动词连系动词连系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。连系动词可以分为三类:1.表示状态的连系动词这样的动词有 be(是),continue(依旧是),keep(保持),lie(处于状态),remain(仍是),stand(处于状态),stay(保持)等。Keep quiet,please.请保持安静。The window stayed open all night.窗子整夜开着。The weather contin
4、ued fine for several days.一连几天天气都很好。2.表示变化的连系动词这样的动词有 become(变成),fall(变得),get(变得),grow(渐渐变得),turn(变得),go(变成),make(变为)。It gets darker and darker.天越来越黑了。He became a doctor three years ago.他三年前当上了医生。The girls face turned red.那女孩的脸变红了。3.表示感官、表象的连系动词这样的动词有 smell(闻起来),feel(感觉起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),look
5、(看起来),seem(似乎是),appear(显得、看来好像)等。The flowers look beautiful.这些花看上去很漂亮。The cake smells strange.这蛋糕有怪味。对点集训选择合适的动词填空。get taste keep is fell go1.I really enjoy the noodles.They _ delicious.2.My brother _ a good swimmer.3.You are supposed to stop smoking,or youll _ ill.tasteisget4.We were so tired that
6、we soon _ asleep.5.Food can _ bad easily in summer.6.You must _ completely silent.fellgokeep 考点三考点三助动词助动词助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,与主要动词连用构成谓语,表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等。常见的助动词有 be,do,have,will,shall 等。1.助动词 be(1)进行时态:I am learning English.我在学英语。(2)被动语态:This book was published last year.这本书是去年出版的。(3)接不定式:Where are you
7、to meet?你们打算在哪里碰头?2.助动词 have(1)完成时态:What has happened?发生了什么事?(2)完成进行时态:What have you been doing?你一直在干什么?3.助动词 do(1)构成疑问句:Do you know French?你懂法语吗?(2)构成否定句:I didnt go to the party.我没参加那个聚会。(3)表示之前所说的动作,避免重复:I dont know English.Neither does he.我不懂英语,他也不懂。(4)用在动词前加强语气:Do be careful.千万小心。4.助动词 shall,wil
8、l,should,would助动词 shall,will,should,would 接动词原形构成将来时态:We shall often come to see you.我们将常来看你。I will try my best to help you.我会尽我所能地帮助你。对点集训用适当的助动词填空。1._ Daisy study in your school,Mike?Yes.Shes my classmate.2.John _ lived in Shenzhen since 2012.3.This picture _ painted by Van Gogh.4.Sorry,I _ know w
9、ho the man is.Doeshaswasdont5.The baby _ sleeping in the next room right now.6.Its too cold today.I hope it _ be warm tomorrow.iswill 考点四考点四情态动词情态动词情态动词具有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度。除 have to 以外,它们没有人称和数的变化。它们也具有助动词的作用,可以用来构成否定句和疑问句。除了 have to 以外,构成否定句时,直接在情态动词后加 not 即可;构成疑问句时,把情态动词提到主语之前即
10、可。最常用的情态动词有:can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)。1.can,could 的用法(1)表示具有某种能力,意为“能;会”(could 表过去的能力)。I can sing the song in English.我能用英语唱这首歌。She could swim when she was four years old.她四岁的时候就会游泳。(2)表示许可、允许,意为“可以”。You cant play computer games on weekdays.在工作日里你不能玩电脑游戏。(3)表示请求某人做某事,
11、意为“能;能够”(用 could 使语气更委婉,但回答时要还原成 can/cant)。Can/Could you tell me where the bank is?你能告诉我银行在哪里吗?Yes,I can.是的,我能。注意:cant 还可表示否定推测,意为“不可能”。如:It cant be true.它不可能是真的。2.may,might 的用法(1)表示许可、允许,意为“可以”,常与第一人称连用,might不表示过去时态,只是语气上比 may 更委婉。May I ask you a question now?现在我可以问你一个问题吗?(2)表示没有把握的猜测,意为“可能”,用 migh
12、t 表示可能性较小,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑问句。He may be at home now.现在他可能在家里。She may not be there today.今天她或许不在那里。(3)may 表示祝愿。May you succeed!祝你成功!3.must 的用法(1)表示义务或强制,意思是“必须”。We must obey the school rules.我们必须遵守学校的规则。(2)表示肯定推测,意思是“一定”,语气较肯定,有很大的把握。He must be a teacher.他一定是位老师。(3)回答由 must 引出的问句时,肯定回答用 must,否定回答用 need
13、nt 或 dont have to。Must I leave right now?我必须现在离开吗?No,you neednt.不,你不必。4.need 的用法need既可作情态动词,也可作行为动词。need 作行为动词时,有人称、数和时态的变化,后跟名词、代词、不定式或动名词作宾语。need 作情态动词时后跟动词原形,一般用于疑问句和否定句。You neednt clean the room now.=You dont need to clean the room now.现在你不必打扫房间。Need he practise playing the violin now?=Does he n
14、eed to practise playing the violin now?现在他需要练习小提琴吗?5.shall,should 的用法(1)shall 用于疑问句,表示征求对方意见,此时常用第一人称。Shall we sing an English song?我们唱首英文歌曲好吗?(2)should 意为“应该”,用于各种人称,表示根据常理认为是对的事或应该去做的事。We should be polite to our teachers.我们应该对我们的老师有礼貌。6.will,would 的用法(1)will 表示主语的决心或意愿。I will do my best to help yo
15、u.我将尽力帮助你。(2)“Would you please.?”意思是“请你好吗?”表示客气的请求;“Would you like(to do)sth.?”意为“你想要(做某事)某物吗?”;“Would you mind doing sth.?”意为“你介意做某事吗?”Would you please clean the blackboard?请你擦黑板好吗?Would you like(to eat)some noodles?你想吃些面条吗?Would you mind turning on the TV?你介意打开电视吗?7.常用含情态动词的疑问句的两种回答比较Can you.?May
16、I.?Must I.?Need I.?肯定回答Yes,I can.Yes,please./Sure./Certainly./Of course.Yes,you must.Yes,you must.否定回答No,I cant.No,you mustnt/cant.No,you neednt.No,you neednt,对点集训选择合适的情态动词填空。shall mustnt would may can should1._ you please post the letter for me,Betty?2.She _ be here,but I am not sure.3._ you speak French,Jim?4.Look at the“No parking”sign.You _ park your car here.WouldmayCanmustnt5._ we go to the park this afternoon?Good idea.6.As students,we _ work hard at school.Shallshould