1、中考英语专题讲解 专题4 短文填空 问题问题1：中考短文填空考什么？中考短文填空考什么？【题型分析】【题型分析】文体方面，多为故事性或夹叙、夹议的记叙文，且具有教育意义。考点方面，考查动词、名词、形容词、介词、代词、副词、冠词、连词以及三大 从句引导词等。能力方面，重点考查学生的逻辑推理判断、常用搭配的掌握情况、语法知识、词汇知识等的掌握情况。【题型分析】【题型分析】题型方面，设题角度灵活多样，有主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等。阅读理解主要考查学生根据所提供的材料综合运用所学的语言知识，从中获取文字信息的能力。题材方面，涉及社会科学、地理、历史、文化、环境保护等领域，A篇文章
2、一般为应用文（广告、海报），B篇文章一般为科普说明文，要求考生对世界文化背景及时事有一定程度的了解。能力方面，重点考查学生的词汇量、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维及推理能力、归纳总结能力等。问题问题2：短文填空如何解题？短文填空如何解题？一解题思路：一解题思路：l 1定意：根据句子上下文语义逻辑判断空白处的意思。l 2定性：分析句子的句法结构，确定空白处单词词性。l 3定形：分析句子的时态、语态和句法结构来确定空白处单词形式。技巧技巧1.1.原词复现原词复现 1、定意、定意词汇复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、反义词或其他形式重复出词汇复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、反义词或其他形
3、式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。Mrs.Smith explains.“If we dont make a change,our family will become strangers to each other!”Getting back to the normal life without the Internet is not easy,especially when the Smiths lose themselves in it.They have to make many_.Lao P
4、ans new book includes his fortyseven_ to his family back in America.The letters show Chinas development in different periods.技巧技巧2.2.上下文语境上下文语境语境推断是指根据上下文的语境提示或者暗示，身临其境地理解所处的语境，语境推断是指根据上下文的语境提示或者暗示，身临其境地理解所处的语境，体会语境和作者的情感态度，推断出符合场景的最佳词汇。体会语境和作者的情感态度，推断出符合场景的最佳词汇。I often stay up late to finish it and
5、 then feel_the next day.He killed himself by jumping into the Miluo River on May 5th of the lunar calendar(阴历)，278 BC.People there rowed the boats to _him.In the village,there were many paintings of _,such as cats and birds.In 1988,Lao Pan first came to China and _ as a teacher at a university.技巧技巧3
6、.3.固定搭配固定搭配 固定搭配需要结合语境并利用常用句型及习惯表达来直接选择答固定搭配需要结合语境并利用常用句型及习惯表达来直接选择答案。考生平时应注意积累动词短语、介词短语等固定搭配及句型。案。考生平时应注意积累动词短语、介词短语等固定搭配及句型。I understand that it is important to do my homework and_ it in on time.I almost have no free time for my hobbies,_as playing volleyball and ping-pong._then on,every year on t
7、his day,people enjoy eating Zongzi That is what I have learned_my grandfather.Mr Zhangs mother lives with them and helps look _ the kids.技巧技巧4.4.逻辑推理逻辑推理 2.语境：根据不同的语境，选择相应语境的词汇。School:lecture,paper,exam,grades,playground,teacher，subjectRestaurant:menu,soup,drink,orderHospital:cold,fever,pain,cough,t
8、rouble 3.常见的人物关系：根据不同的人物关系，猜测反义词。husbandwife;teacherstudent;waitercustomer;doctorpatient;parentkid/child For example,the two brothers have to go to school _ to borrow books for their scientific projects.Later,I worked in a small _,serving the guests,cleaning up the tables,washing the dishes and swee
9、ping the floors.确定词性的解题思路【基本句型】n +v +n【拓展】副词，(冠词、代词、数词)+n+v（副词）+(冠词、代词、数词)+n+介词短语，副词【做题原则】先看句子是否完整：（1）若句子完整（有主谓宾/主系表等），考虑加虚词（介、冠、连、形、副）。（2）若句子不完整，则缺什么成分（主语/谓语/宾语），就补什么词性（名词、动词、代词）。步骤二、定性步骤二、定性【常见词性用法总结】冠词限定名词形容词修饰名词/代词代词代替上文中名词副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子连词连接句子介词连接名词短语及物动词接名词不及物动词接介词再加名词情态动词、助动词接动词系动词接形容词、名词一、名
10、词符合以下情况时,空格应该填名词。(1 )冠词（冠词（a/an/the）+_(2 )数词数词/介词介词/形容词形容词/形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+_ From them,Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy _.They wanted to raise money to help their friends.Then she came up with an _.I worked in a small_,serving the guests,cleaning up the tables,washing the dishes and s
11、weeping the floors.In the village,there were many paintings of,such as cats and birds.Mr,zhang brought of basin（盆）of warm water and asked his father to sit in front of the basin.He took off her shoes and put her into the water.After that,he began to wash them carefully.They are poor because they don
12、t have much _.二、动词符合以下情况时,空格应该填动词。(1 )情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,should,need)_(2 )to+_(3 )助动词(do,does,did,will,would,have,has,had)_We should _ time with our parents even though we may work far away.I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to a photo of that painting and me.She felt sad that the
13、 kids there didnt have new clothes to and toys to play with.So,my grandfather came to America.“I had thought it was easy to_ money in America,”he told me.Im upset these days.I have a problem,and I do not how to deal with it.Have you the dragon boat race on TV?It is another important part of this fes
14、tival.三、形容词符合以下情况时,空格应该填形容词。(1 )系动词（感官动词、be动词、变得、保持）_(2 )be+as_as(3 )a/an/the/物主代词(my/your/his)_+nI often stay up late to finish it and then feel _ the next day.It was said to be the land of gold and poor people could easily become_ there.Though they are very _,they didnt stop to have a rest.I am 12
15、 years old,and Tom is 12 years old.I am as _as him.The most popular paintings were of famous people.One of them was a picture of Andy.He is my _singer.四、副词符合以下情况时,空格应该填副词。(1)_,句子(2)句子,_ 句子_(3)句子+一段时间_ 一段时间_,句子(4)V(不及物动词)_.V(实义动词)+as_asThey didnt know why their father gave them such a huge job._,with
16、 the attitude(态度)of“one brick more”,both Will and Harry rebuilt the wall in a period of six months.I was such a helpful and honest worker that my boss was pleased with me.I was popular with my workmates,_.Twenty minutes _,his mother turned up.He bought a house there over 30 years _,but in 2010 the v
17、illage was pulled down.Several teams row their dragonshaped boats as _as they can.五、连词符合以下情况时,空格应该填连词。(1 )句子，_句子(2 )_句子，句子(3 )句子_句子(缺主语/宾语)并列连词并列连词：and，but,or复合连词复合连词(1)定语从句定语从句：that,which,who(2)宾语从句宾语从句：that,if,whether,what,who,why,when,where,how(3)状语从句状语从句：时间状语从句when,as,while,before,after,since,no
18、tuntil,as soon as 原因状语从句because,since,as,for条件状语从句if,unless（除非）,目的状语从句in order that,so that结果状语从句sothat,so that,suchthat,让步状语从句though,although,I wanted to go to a language school to learn English,_I couldnt afford it.Mrs.Smith explains.“_we dont make a change,our family will become strangers to each
19、 other!”_ the village was very small,I spent a whole day in it.She is only ten years old，_she has big ideas of helping other kids.In the past,I didnt care _you were with me or not.One of them was from his father _ was strict with him and his brother.I really had a good time in the village _ wished t
20、o visit it again.六、介词符合以下情况时,空格应该填介词。(1 )句子_名词/代词(2 )_名词/代词，句子I am looking forward to a holiday_ homework so that I can relax and have some time for my hobbies.That is what I have learned_my grandfather.Last Saturday I went to the Great Wall _ some of my friends.Some valuable lessons he learned as a
21、 child have strongly influenced him _ his later life.Jane took part in a winter camp_the age of eight.七、冠词符合以下情况时,空格应该填形冠词。(1 )_可数名词单词(2 )_最高级(3 )_姓氏复数Im upset these days.I have_ problem,and I do not know how to deal with it.I was such_helpful and honest worker that my boss was pleased with me.Just
22、at the moment,we saw _ little boy standing alone and crying.They love one another and live _happy life.This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan,one of _greatest Chinese poets.When the film group meet_Smiths,they find that Mr.Smith,Mrs Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology.八、代词符合以下情况时,空
23、格应该填形代词。(1 )_ 动词(2 )及物动词_(3 )介词/动词_+名词 They find that Mr.Smith,Mrs Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that_ hardly do things together.If you have a plan to visit China next year,would _like to spend this festival with us?What should I do?I really hope that someone can give _ some
24、 suggestions.She helped 12 kids with it!She felt very excited when she saw smiles on_faces.In order to save the old village,Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of _ own house and other houses.My grandfather kept working hard,and finally made_dream come true.步骤三、定形步骤三、定形短文填空中，考生特别需要注意所填单词的形式，尤其是名词、动词、
25、形容词、副词、代词。1、动词的用法：、动词的用法：(1)时态（do,did,does,doing,done)(2)语态(3)非谓语动词形式(动名词doing,动词不定式to do)1.Last Friday,a man _ to see his doctor,because he suffered from pains in his stomach.2.After the doctor _ over carefully,he _to him,“Well,dont worry,young man.You will get better by _ a rest.判断方法：看时态标志词、连词（判断方
26、法：看时态标志词、连词（and,or,butand,or,but等）、上下文动词形式。等）、上下文动词形式。2、名词的用法、名词的用法(1)单复数(2)名词所有格 I know her in the newspaper.She didnt go to school at a very young age.Many girls and _ like her wish to go to school in China.They want to go to school very much,but their families are too poor.If the _ has two or thr
27、ee_,its harder to pay the money for all of them.判断方法：看冠词、数词、谓语动词、形容词、连词（判断方法：看冠词、数词、谓语动词、形容词、连词（and,or,but 等）等）3形容词形容词副词的用法副词的用法(1)形容词 副词的修饰关系（原级）(2)形容词 副词的比较级、最高级There was a little boy.He got angry _.His father gave him some nails(钉子)and said”When you feel_,you just hammer（锤）a nail into the back of
28、 the fence.The boy found it was much_ to hold his temper(脾气).判断方法：看动词、副词，连词（判断方法：看动词、副词，连词（and,or,butand,or,but等）、句型。等）、句型。4代词的用法代词的用法(1)人称代词(主格宾格)(2)物主代词(形容词性名词性)(3)反身代词On 1.tenth birthday,the boy invited many friends to the party.2.played many interesting games and ate lots of delicious food.They
29、really enjoyed 3.考场练兵考场练兵 备考建议 一、熟记考纲单词熟练记忆中考短文填空常考动词、名词、介词、连词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词，尤其注意单词的词义、词性、拼写。注：1.务必记住不规则动词表（极容易考）！2.中考短文填空常考单词见讲义！二、熟记考纲短语二、熟记考纲短语 中考英语高频固定搭配总结1.deal _ 处理2._ in 上交 3._ as 例如4.look _ to 期待5._ that 以便于6.have _ 玩得开心7._ oneself 玩得开心8.stay _from 远离9._ then on 从那时起10.be _ of 由.制成 11.as fast
30、 as _ 尽可能得快12.be _ in/on 出生于13._ up长大 14._the age of 14 在14岁时15._ money 赚钱16._ in 到达17._ an honest worker 如此诚实的工人18.be pleased with sb _19._ the end 在最后e _ 实现,成真21.not (only)._ also 不仅.而且22.learn _ sb 向某人学习23._ a happy life 过一种幸福的生活24.place of _ 名胜古迹25.help sb _sth 在某方面帮助某人26._ photos 拍照27._ this ti
31、me/moment 在这时28._ about/be _ about 担心29._ up 出现30._ _ _ 想出31._the beauty of the Great Wall 32.look _ 照顾33.take _ 照顾34.care _ 照顾35._ off 脱掉 36._ his mothers example 效仿他妈妈的例子37._ we all know 据我们所知38._ our best to do sth 尽我们最大努力做某事39._ Smiths 史密斯一家人40.make a _ 做出改变41._up 捡起，重新获得42.all _ of 各种各样的 43._ h
32、is life 在他的生活中44.be _ with me 对我严格45.in _ period of six months 在一段六个月的时间内46._ .up 使.起来47.because _ 因为（+短语）48._ order to 为了49._own 他自己的50._ lot of 许多51._ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是52.said _ surprise 惊讶地说53._ the same time 同时54._ hour later 55._ the help of me 在我的帮助下56.be_of=be _with 充满 57.be_ in.对.感兴趣58._o
33、n the bus 上公交车 59._ a living by.靠.谋生60.be _ for.因.而出名61._ up 搭建，建立62._ than 超过63.at_ 首先64.for_ 例如65.give_ 放弃66.run_ of 用完，用尽67._ _ 捐赠68.as_ as 一.就69.depend_ 依赖于70.turn._ .把.变成.71.be_ of 对.感到自豪三、熟记句型1四个“花费”sb.spend时间/钱on sth./(in)doing sth.Ittakessb.时间to do sth.物costsb.钱 sb.pay钱for sth.2Its said/repo
34、rtedthat从句 据说/报道3soadj/adv（+a/an+n）that从句 如此以至于4.such a/anadjn+that从句 如此以至于5too形容词/副词toV原 太而不能6Its+adj for sb.to do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了7.find/make/feel/think it+adj+to do sth 发现/让/感觉/认为做某事.8.the+比较级,the+比较级四、熟记易混词辨析能够分辨词义相近而用法不同，或形式和意思相同，但词性或用法不同的词语。同学们在平时学习中对易混词要进行归纳总结。示例：1quite&quiet 2sweet&sweat 3monkey&donkey 4abroad&aboard 5.invite&invent 6.ture&true 本节课总结1.关注语篇：前后分句逻辑关系2.关注词性：语法推断3.掌握搭配 ：固定搭配4.联系上下文：上下文语义复现 语法知识语法知识+上下文逻辑上下文逻辑+词汇量词汇量=高分高分
