1、英语语法体系现在完成时（The present perfect simple）现在完成时定义：1、描述过去发生并对现在造成影响的动作；2、描述过去发生并持续到现在的动作中文用“过”或“已经”表达，动词无变化。（中）我吃过饭了。（强调动作的结束）（中）我已经来这里十年了。（强调动作的持续）（英）Olivia has gone on a trip to Egypt.奥莉维娅已经去埃及旅行了。现在完成时的肯定句主语+助动词have/has+过去分词doneI have eaten.We have arrived in London.He has cooked dinner for us.PS：主语是
2、第三人称单数时，用has，其他用have现在完成时的否定句主语+助动词have/has+not+过去分词doneI have eaten.We have arrived in London.He has cooked dinner for us.I have not eaten.We have not arrived in London.He has not cooked dinner for us.have not=havent,has not=hasnt现在完成时的一般疑问句助动词have/has+主语+过去分词doneI have eaten.We have arrived in Lon
3、don.He has cooked dinner for us.Have you eaten?Have you arrived in London?Has he cooked dinner for us?Yes,I have./No,I havent.Yes,we have./No,we havent.Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.现在完成时的特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句I have eaten.He has cooked dinner for us.Have you eaten?Has he cooked dinner for us?Where have you eat
4、en?When has he cooked dinner for us?现在完成时的使用情况1、强调过去发生并已经完成的动作，对现在造成了某种影响-Im going to take you to a nice restaurant for dinner.（我打算带你去一家不错的餐厅吃饭。）-I have eaten.（我已经吃过了）强调“eat”这个动作已经发生并完成了，并对现在造成了影响，也就是“我不能跟你去吃饭了”。现在完成时的使用情况1、强调过去发生并已经完成的动作，对现在造成了某种影响常见的时间状语：1）already（已经），yet（还），just（刚刚）；2）before（以前）；
5、3）ever（曾经），never（从不）；4）so far（迄今为止）；5）recently（最近）；6）in the past/last years（在过去的年里）I have just cleaned the room.（不用再打扫了）She has already finished the work.（他可以做别的事情了）现在完成时的使用情况2、表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态经常搭配：for+一段时间，since+时间点/句子I have taught English for 10 years.（教英语十年了，现在还在教）He has lived here since he
6、 was born.（从出生就住在这里，现在还住在这里）I have known her since 10 years ago.（从10年前就认识她）-Its a pity that there is no ticket for sale.-Dont worry.I _ the tickets.A.am buyingB.buyC.was buyingD.have boughtThe Art of War is great and I _ it many times so far.A.readB.have readC.am readingD.will readDavid is very prod
7、uctive and _ five books in the past ten years.A.writesB.wroteC.has writtenD.is writingChristine _ the familys Sunday lunch since she was 12 years old.A.cooksB.cookedC.will cookD.has cooked-Mike,why are you standing outdoors?-I _ my keys.I have to wait here until my mother comes back.A.have lostB.wil
8、l loseC.had lostD.lose-Would you like to see the movie Changjin Lake this evening?-Oh,its a good movie.But I _ it already.A.sawB.have seenC.seeD.will seeDBCDABSorry,I _ a mistake.Let me correct it.A.will makeB.am makingC.was makingD.have made-Congratulations!You _ big progress in the last three year
9、s.-Thank you,Mr.Li.Ill never forget the good times in Junior High.A.makeB.madeC.have madeD.will makeDChave been to,have been in,have gone tohave been to 表示“去过，回来了”I have been to Beijing three times.我已经去过北京三次了。have been in 表示“待在某地”I have been in Chengdu for five years.have gone to 表示“去了，没回来”-Wheres B
10、en?-He has gone to the shopping mall.-Wheres Mr.Yang?-He _ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai.He _ there times because he enjoys the local scenery.A.has gone to;has beenB.has gone to;has gone toC.has been to;has goneD.has been to;has been to-I havent seen Li Ming for days.Why?-He _ Beijing.He will come ba
11、ck next month.A.has been toB.has gone toC.will go to-Who is playing the piano in the music room?Is it Mary?-No,it _ be her.She has _ to Beijing on Business.A.couldnt;beenB.cant;goneC.cant;beenD.mustnt;gone-Hi,Tom.I havent seen your parents for days.Where are they?-They arent at home.They _ America f
12、or holiday.A.were inB.have gone toC.have been toD.will go to-Its said that Singapore has a Night Safari for people to visit.-So it is!I _ there twice since 2015.A.have beenB.have goneC.wentABBBA-Miss Zhang seems quite familiar with Yunnan Province.-Dont you know?She _ a town school there as a volunt
13、eer teacher for over 2 years.A.is inB.has gone toC.has been inD.has been to-I saw Mr.Li in his office just now/-No,it _ be him.He has _ Guangzhou and will be back in two days.A.mustnt;gone toB.mustnt;been toC.cant;been toD.cant;gone to-Where is Lucy?I havent seen her for days.-She _ Chengdu.Shell be
14、 back next week.A.has gone toB.has been toC.have gone toD.have been toI like history,so I _ to Hunan Museum many times.A.have beenB.have goneC.went-I cant find Mr.Brown in the office.Where is he?-He _ Beijing for an important meeting.A.has been toB.has been inC.has gone toD.went toCDAAC-Where is Mr.
15、Smith?-He isnt here.He _ Shanghai.A.has gone toB.has been toC.have gone toD.have been to-Where is your uncle?I havent seen him for a long time.-Oh,he _ Sydney.A.went toB.has been toC.has gone toD.goes toAC延续性动词 VS 非延续性动词延续性动词：动作可以持续，如：eat。read，write非延续性动词：动作不可以持续，如：marry，buy，die现在完成时表示动作从过去持续到现在，还有可
16、能继续持续，所以要用延续性动词。延续性动词 VS 非延续性动词现在完成时表示动作从过去持续到现在，还有可能继续持续，所以要用延续性动词。I have left this school for eight years.（）I have been away this school for eight years.（）延续性动词 VS 非延续性动词现在完成时表示动作从过去持续到现在，还有可能继续持续，所以要用延续性动词。He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.（）He has kept my dictionary for two days.（）非延续性动
17、词转化为延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadwake upbe awakefall asleepbe asleepjoinbe in/be a member ofleavebe awaymarrybe marriedHer grandfather _ a car in 2007.He _ the car for 10 years.A.buys;has boughtB.bought;has hadC
18、.buys;has hadD.bought;has bought-Can you tell me how long you _ the Huawei mobile phone,Mr.Zhang?-Nearly a year.It works very well.A.will buyB.have hadC.have boughtD.had hadOur team _ another point!I am sure well win the game.A.will getB.has gotC.is gettingD.was gettingI cant find my wallet anywhere
19、.Im sure I _ it.A.lostB.will loseC.loseD.have lost-Mike,why do you come here so late?The concert _ since half an hour ago.-What a pity!No wonder all the singers have left.A.has endedB.has been onC.has startedD.has been overBBBDB-Your watch is so cool!When did you get it?-On my 12th birthday.I _ it f
20、or 3 years.A.boughtB.have hadC.have bought-My I speak to Wang Li?-Sorry,she is not at home.She _ since last month.A.leftB.has leftC.has been awayD.went awayMy father _ my mother fifteen years ago,so far they _ for fifteen years.A.married;marriedB.has married;has been marriedC.married;have been marri
21、edD.have married;married-When will A bite of China III begin tonight?-It _ for ten minutes.A.will beginB.has begunC.will be onD.has been onMy good friend _ this car for more than ten years.A.has hadB.has boughtC.have hadD.buysBCCDAHis grandmother _ for 6 years.And he still misses her very much.A.die
22、dB.has diedC.has been deadD.has been diedYou must return the books to the library because you _ them for more than two weeks.A.have lentB.have borrowedC.have keptLei Feng _ for many years,but his spirit is still encouraging us.A.diedB.has been deadC.has died-Jim,turn down the music.Our baby is sleep
23、ing.-Dont worry.He _ for half an hour.A.woke upB.has woken upC.was awakeD.has been awakeMr.Jiang _ the company to develop the 5G network for years.Now he works as the chief engineer in it.A.joinedB.was a member ofC.has joinedD.has been a member ofCCBDDMy parents _ for 30 years.A.have marriedB.have g
24、ot marriedC.have been married-Excuse me,when did you leave Jinzhou?-In August,2017.I _ for about two years.A.have leftB.leftC.have been awayD.was awayHer son _ the army for two months.She misses him very much.A.has joinedB.has been inC.joinedD.was inCCBfor 和since的区别for+时间段：for 3 weeks,for 6 yearssin
25、ce+时间点/句子：since 2020,since 3 years ago,since I was 10 years old一般情况下，since前的句子用现在完成时，since后的句子用一般过去时The Greens _ in Guilin for six years.A.have livedB.livedC.liveTom,you _ in this city since 2019.What do you think of it?A.have livedB.liveC.livedD.will liveThe new restaurant _ two surveys on its food
26、 and service since June.A.is doingB.will doC.didD.has doneDavid has worked here for 10 years since he _ from university.A.graduatesB.graduatedC.has graduatedD.will graduateOur school life _ a lot since 2021.We have more activities now.A.changeB.is changingC.has changedD.will changeSally _ with a Chi
27、nese family since she came to Dalian.A.staysB.will stayC.has stayedD.was stayingAADBCC-I _ in London for many years.-You have never regretted moving back to China,have you?A.livedB.was livingC.have livedJim _ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.A.learnsB.learnedC.will learnD.has learnedCD动词过去分词变化规则1）大部分动词，直接加-ed：workworked2）以e结尾的动词，直接加-d：livelived3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed：carrycarried4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且结尾只有一个辅音字母，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed：stopstopped5）不规则变化：bebeen，dodone，havehad
