1、Object Clauses宾语从句一教学任务一教学任务 复习宾语从句复习宾语从句 二教学重点二教学重点 1.1.宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念 2.2.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词/连接词连接词 3.3.宾语从句中的语序宾语从句中的语序 4.4.宾语从句的时态变化宾语从句的时态变化 教学难点教学难点 1.if与与whether的区别的区别 2.宾语从句与简单句的互换宾语从句与简单句的互换 问题一问题一:什么是宾语什么是宾语?宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的对象,常由名词或相当与名词的词担任常由名词或相当与名词的词担任,置置于于及物动词或介
2、词（动词词组）及物动词或介词（动词词组）后后。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语）（名词作宾语）I know him.（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）（不定式作宾语）.We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句试比较问题二
3、问题二:什么是宾语从句什么是宾语从句?Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员宇航员)?Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.Please tell me where she has gone.I dont know if he will come tonight.Lets find out whats on tonight.Find out the Object Clauses We are proud of that Beijing is one of the
4、 biggest cities in the world .二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素连连 接接 词词时态呼应时态呼应陈述语序陈述语序thatif/whether特殊疑问词特殊疑问词连接词连接词+主语主语+谓谓语语+其他其他（that）+陈述句陈述句He thinks,“Lucy likes school.”He thinks(that）Lucy likes school.2.if/whether+一般疑问句改写的陈述一般疑问句改写的陈述句句He asked,“Was Lucy late again?”He asked if Lucy was late again.3.特殊疑问词特殊
5、疑问词+特殊疑问句改写的陈述特殊疑问句改写的陈述句子句子He asks me,“When will Lucy come?”He asks me when Lucy will come.连接词连接词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中常充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。省略。我听说他一小时后回来。我听说他一小时后回来。I hear(that)he will be back in an hour.他说他非常想念我们。他说他非常想念我们。He said(that)he missed us v
6、ery much.连接词连接词if,whetherif,whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句whether,if 有有“是否是否”的含义，在从句的含义，在从句也不充当成分。也不充当成分。老师问我们是否准备好了期末考试。老师问我们是否准备好了期末考试。The teacher asked us _ we were ready for the final exam.if/whether 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词连接代词what,which,who等在从句中可充当等在从句中可充当主语，表语，宾语等；主语，表语，宾语等；连接副词连接副词when,wh
7、ere,how等在从句中可充当等在从句中可充当状语。状语。Can you tell me _ he is.2.Could you tell me _ I can get to the station.3.Please tell me we will have a meeting.wherehowwhen that当陈述句充当宾语时，由当陈述句充当宾语时，由 _ 连接连接练一练练一练1.This is a book.-I know2.You like singing.-She says3.He worked last night.-I know4.They will go home.-Tell
8、Lucy主句主句(2)Does Kate get up early?Do you know?Do you know if/whether Kate gets up early?(1)Is Jim a good student?I dont know I dont know if/whether Jim is a good student.当一般疑问句充当宾语，由当一般疑问句充当宾语，由_ 连接连接if/whether练一练练一练1.Is he reading?1）Was she late yesterday?2.Does Tom work hard?2)Did you watch TV?3.W
9、ill they read books?3)Can you sing?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 2.I want to know if/whether 注意：注意：只能用只能用whether不用不用if 的三种情况的三种情况 一般情况下，一般情况下，if 和和whether可以互换，但以下可以互换，但以下 情况情况只能用只能用whether：1.与与or not连用：连用：He asked me whether or not I was coming.2.在介词之后
10、：在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.3.在不定式之前：在不定式之前：We havent decided whether to go there.4.作主语只能用作主语只能用whether Whether he will come is not decided.3.当特殊疑问句充当宾语时，由当特殊疑问句充当宾语时，由 _ 连接连接Eg:1.What is she doing?Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live?Do you kn
11、ow?Do you know where she lives?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词练一练练一练When does he get up?How did he go to work?Who will Tom play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.Can you tell me Helen says that she will learn French next year.Do you know where he comes from?He asked me if I could get
12、 to the bus station on time.三三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序-陈述语序陈述语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用运用陈述句的语序陈述句的语序，即是，即是“主语在前，谓语在主语在前，谓语在后后”的顺序。的顺序。四四.宾语从句的时态变化宾语从句的时态变化I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (b
13、e)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过
14、去时的时候，宾语从句必须当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则呼应性原则）1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)He his work.He said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading had finished 确定从句的
15、时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)work主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态由从句决定时态由从句决定一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时work一般过去时一般过去时worked一般过去时一般过去时 worked过去完成时过去完成时had worked一般将来时一般将来时will work过去将来时过去将来时would work现在进行时现在进行时is working 过去进行时过去进行时was working现在完成时现在完成时have worked过去完成时过去完成时had worked 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客
16、观存在的真理时，当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（在时态。（特殊性原则特殊性原则）He told me(that)Summer is after Spring.I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me(that)no news is good news.比一比比一比宾语从句的否定转移：宾语从句的否定转移：当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是think（认为）（认为）suppose（料想）（料想）guess（猜
17、想）（猜想）believe（相信）等，（相信）等，主句的主语是第一人称，且时态为一般现在主句的主语是第一人称，且时态为一般现在时时，从句的否定一定要转移到主句上来。时时，从句的否定一定要转移到主句上来。例如：例如：I dont think that he is right.比一比比一比 I dont know where I should go.I dont know where to go.Tell me how I can do it.Tell me how to do it.你有什么发现？你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问
18、词疑问词+to do 的简单句。的简单句。五五.宾语从句与简单句的转换宾语从句与简单句的转换She said that she _ (be)right.She said that she _(will)fly to America in a week.3.The teacher said that the moon_ (move)around the sun.4.She said that she _ (finish)her homework already.5.I wonder where they _(go)tomorrow.waswouldmoveshad finishedwill go
19、Do you know if _back next week?If he _ back,please let me know.A.he comes,will come B.will he come,comes C.he will come,comes D.he will come,will come CI dont know when he _(come).I cant wait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him to call me?will comecomes练一练1.I dont know what I shal
20、l do next.(变为简单句 I dont know _next.2.John didnt decide which book he would buy.(变为简单句）John didnt decide_ .3.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?(变为复合句）Can you tell me _ the bus stop?4.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5.(变为复合句）Can you tell Lucy_ the MP5.What to dowhich book to buyhow I can ge
21、t to how she can use 1.Could you tell me we get to the place?Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 2.The teacher saysshe will leave a message on the headmasters desk.Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat 3.I am not sure _ he will come tomorrow.A.that B.if C.what D.who 4.-Do you remember _ he came?-Yes,I do.He came by car.A.how
22、 B.when C.that D.ifAC解题指导一：解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词判断语义，选择连接词Exercises:BA5.Do you know how much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum needCMum needs Ddid Mum need6.Can you tell me?Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he7.I want to know how long.Ahas he been backBhas he come backChe has been backDhe h
23、as come backCAC解题指导二：解题指导二：陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语，8.I thought he _to see his mother if he _time.Awill gohasBwill go will haveCwould go would haveDwould go had9.Do you know?A.what the news areB.what is the newsC.what the news is D.what are the news解题指导三解题指导三:时态呼应时态呼应若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际若主句时态是现在
24、时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；情况而定；若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个时态，客观真理除外。时态，客观真理除外。10.I didnt know how to London?Awould they goBare they goingCthey would goDthey are goingC宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态
25、从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变七七.本课小结本课小结 1.Can you tell me_ you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.that 2.I hardly understand_ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who 3.She doesnt know_ back or not.A.whether B.if C.when D.what 4.I dont know _ he will go fishing tomorrow.A.whether B.where C.what D.when 5.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday?A.what B.when C.why D.howCBABA小试牛刀小试牛刀Thanks
