1、Unit 3I know that you will be better at maths.These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt.I give the white rose to my teachers,who have taught me that there is no success without effort.Im sure that you all have your own memories about the h
2、appiness of the last three years,and the people whom you want to thank for it.Read these sentences and think about their structures.This is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic.The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy.Here are two pictures
3、 that are taken from the film.Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film.which指物，作宾语指物，作宾语that指物，作主语指物，作主语whose指人，作定语指人，作定语whom指人，作宾语指人，作宾语who指人，作主语指人，作主语定语从句在句中作定语定语从句在句中作定语,用来修饰某个名词用来修饰某个名词或代词或代词,这个名词或代词叫这个名词或代词叫先行词先行词,而定语从而定语从句位于先行词的后面。句位于先行词的后面。用来引导定语从句
4、的词叫做用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词关系词。关系词分关系代词关系词分关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词和关系副词(when,where,why)。关系词引导定语从句关系词引导定语从句,指代先行词指代先行词,并在并在从句中作一定成分从句中作一定成分,如作主语、宾语或如作主语、宾语或状语等。状语等。用来引导定语从句的用来引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词有有that,which,who,whom,whose。relativesused forused aswhichthingsubject（主语）（主语）object（宾语）（宾语）thatthingperson
5、whopersonwhompersonobject（宾语）（宾语）whoseperson/thingattribute（定语）（定语）that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句that引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,既可以指人既可以指人,也可以也可以指物指物,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。在从句中可以作主语或宾语。He is a person that does what he says.(person是先行词是先行词,that在从句中作主语在从句中作主语)他是一个说话算数的人。他是一个说话算数的人。The cat that I bought yesterday is ill.(cat是先行词是先行词,t
6、hat在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语)我昨天买的那只猫病了。我昨天买的那只猫病了。who引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 who引导定语从句时只能指人引导定语从句时只能指人,在从句中可在从句中可以作主语或宾语。以作主语或宾语。A friend who helps you when you have trouble is a real friend.(friend是先行词是先行词,who在从句中作主语在从句中作主语)在你有困难时帮助你的朋友才是真正的在你有困难时帮助你的朋友才是真正的朋友。朋友。whom也可以引导定语从句也可以引导定语从句,在从句中只在从句中只能作宾语能作宾语,有时可以和有时可以和wh
7、o互换互换,但介词但介词后只能用后只能用whom,不能用不能用who。He is the man who/whom I have been looking for.=He is the man for whom I have been looking.他就是我一直在找的人。他就是我一直在找的人。which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 which引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,只能指物只能指物,在从句在从句中可以作主语或宾语。中可以作主语或宾语。I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday.(book是先行词是先行词,whic
8、h在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语)我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。注意注意:在由在由that,who和和which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句中中,当它们在从句中作主语时当它们在从句中作主语时,都不可以省都不可以省略；作宾语时略；作宾语时,都可以省略。都可以省略。介词后面只能用介词后面只能用which或或whom,不能用不能用that或或who。There are lots of things(that)I need to prepare before the trip.Do you know the girl who/that is singing in the c
9、lassroom?This is the biggest fish(that)I have ever seen.Finger food is the food _which we eat with our fingersA handbag is a small bag _which women use to carry their thingsSchool-leavers are young people _who are leaving schoolComplete the sentences using which,that,who or whom.1 1A classmate is so
10、meone_ who is in the same class as meA friend is someone_I trustA stranger is someone_whom I dont know How do you know that the party is international?Why are the people cheering?What do you think the person making a speech is saying?Look at the picture and the menu.Discuss the questions.2 2 How do
11、you know that the party is international?Why are the people cheering?What do you think the person making a speech is saying?I think the party is international because the food is international.I think the people are cheering because they are happy about what the speaker is saying.I think the speaker
12、 is saying that now the speech is over and it is time to eat!1.The boy _(who/which/where)I talked with just now is one of my best friends.2.This is the dictionary _(who/which/what/whose)Mum gave me for my birthday.3.The book _(where/that/whose)pages are broken is still on the floor.4.We know Jackie
13、Chan _(who/which/whose)is a very famous movie star.5.Project Hope is only one of the programmes _(where/who/that)was set up to help those poor children.Fill in the blanks with the correct words.whowhichwhosewhothat根据句意根据句意,用正确的关系代词填空。用正确的关系代词填空。1.He is the man _ is ready to help others.2.The girl _
14、I spoke to just now is my friend.3.The dress _ you bought in the city mall is made of silk.4.Bill likes music _ he can sing along with.that/who that/who/whomthat/whichthat/which5.This is the village _ I used to live in.6.Women always like buying many things _ they dont need at all.7.Im studying a su
15、bject _ I am very interested in.8.The girl with _ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin.that/whichthat/whichthat/whichwhom注意注意:关系词只能用关系词只能用that的情况的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时时,只能用只能用that,而不用而不用which。例如。例如:He was the first person that passed the exam
16、.b.被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定等不定代词时代词时,只能用只能用that,而不用而不用which。例如。例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?c.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时等词修饰时,只能用只能用that,而而不用不用which。例如。例如:This is the same bike that I lost.d.先行词里同
17、时含有人或物时先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用只能用that,而不用而不用which。例如。例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e.以以who或或which引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句,为避免为避免重复重复,只能用只能用that。例如。例如:Who is the girl that is crying?f.主句是主句是there be 结构结构,修饰主语的定语从修饰主语的定语从句用句用that,而不用而不用which。例如。例如:There is a book on the
18、desk that belongs to Tom.单项选择单项选择1.I like music _ great lyrics.A.that have B.that has C.who have D.who has2.They are talking about things and persons _ _ they saw there a few days ago.A.who B.which C.that D.what BC3.This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen.A.which B.that C.what D.where4.I really
19、 didnt know anything _ happened to Jim yesterday.A.which B.whose C.when D.thatBD5.-Who is the man _ is standing over there?-Oh,he is my math teacher.A.who B.whom C.that D.which6.The building _ is over one hundred years old is very famous here.A.which B.what C.when D.whereCA一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句属于名词
20、性从句，在句中作主句的宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。宾语。eg:We know Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态三、引导宾语从句的词有：三、引导宾语从句的词有：(1)连词连词that(在口语中在口语中that常可省略）。如：常可省略）。如：He knows(that)Jim will work hard.在由在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起只起引导功能，无具
21、体意义，不担当任何成份，因引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾引导的宾语从句中，语从句中，that则不能省略。则不能省略。1).从句的主语是从句的主语是that。如：。如：He says that that is a real kings hat.他说那是一个真的王冠。他说那是一个真的王冠。2).that从句中含有主从复合句。如：从句中含有主从复合句。如：Im afraid that if youve lost it,you must
22、pay for it.3).主、从句之间有插入语时。如：主、从句之间有插入语时。如：It says here,on this card,that it was used in plays in ancient times.卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。4).若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词连词that可以省略。如：可以省略。如：She said(that)she would come and that she would also bring h
23、er son.她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。that 引导宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从引导宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句可以使用任意符合句意要求的时态。如：句可以使用任意符合句意要求的时态。如：He says(that)they have returned already 他说他们已经回来了。他说他们已经回来了。He tells me that he was born in 1985.他告诉我他生于他告诉我他生于1985年。年。时态问题时态问题如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进行时，态的某种
24、形式（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将过去将 来时，过去完成时）。如：来时，过去完成时）。如：He said(that)he bought a new dictionary 他说他买了本新词典。他说他买了本新词典。I knew they were studying English 我知道他们正在学英语。我知道他们正在学英语。如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。如：在时。如：Our teacher told us
25、that light travels faster than sound.我们老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。我们老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。He said that time is life.他说时间就是生命。他说时间就是生命。(2)连接代词连接代词who,whom,which等，如：等，如：Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for?(3)连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why等。如：等。如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station?(4)由由if和和whether引导的宾语从句
26、引导的宾语从句.if和和whether引导宾语从句时，作引导宾语从句时，作“是是否否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但可以换用。但if常用于口语中，常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：比较正式。如：Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.渔民想知道天是否会下雨。渔民想知道天是否会下雨。.if和和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意引导宾语从
27、句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于由于if和和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208?Could you tell me?Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?其次要注意时态变化：其次要注意时态变化：1).若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：态。如：He wants to k
28、now if/whether they had a good journey home.他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。2).若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：去完成时。如：Did the train leave?She didnt know.She didnt know if/whether the tr
29、ain had left.if和和whether的区别的区别二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：1).宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用，不用if。如：。如：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.这是否对，我不能说。这是否对，我不能说。2).宾语从句与宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用直接连用时，应用whether，不能用，不能用if。如：。如：I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否来。我不知道他明天
30、是否来。3).与动词不定式连用时，只能用与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：。如：She cant decide whether to go to America.她不能决定是否去美国。她不能决定是否去美国。4).从句作介词宾语时，只能用从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：。如：I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。我担心是否伤了她的感情。5).宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用只能用if，不能用，不能用whether。如：。如：Tom wants to know if h
31、e wont come here tomorrow.汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。6).if意为意为“假如，如果假如，如果”时，可以引时，可以引导条件状语从句，而导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个没有这个用法。如：用法。如：If Simon comes here tomorrow,Ill call you.假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。告诉你。1.Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine.if/whether2.I dont
32、 know _ to go or stay.3._ that is true,what should we do?whetherIf4._ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.WhetherComplete the sentences with if/whether.1.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：I dont know when will he leave.(误误)I dont know when _ _ leave.(正正)he will2.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼
33、应，即：当主句宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动词也应是谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动词也应是过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如：观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如：(注意下列句子中从句的时态和语序注意下列句子中从句的时态和语序)注意事项注意事项He asked who could answer the question.My father told me that the earth _(go)round the sun.goes3.当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是t
34、hink,believe,suppose等动词等动词时时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句(即即反意疑问句反意疑问句)，那么附加疑问句应疑问在从句上，那么附加疑问句应疑问在从句上，其他人称疑问在主句上，如：其他人称疑问在主句上，如：I dont think he looks like his father,_?They think he looks like his father,_?We suppose Lucy has been to Dalian,_?does
35、hedont theyhasnt she4.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，不用连词语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，不用连词联接（如联接（如,She said,“Im a student.”）；间接）；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接（如词与主句联接（如,She said that she is thirteen）。直接引语的宾语从句可变为间接）。直接引语的宾语从句可变为间接引语的宾语从句。引语的宾语从句。(1)陈述句变为以陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从
36、句，如：引导的宾语从句，如：He said,“Im happy.”He said _ he _happy.thatwas(2)一般疑问句变为一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语引导的宾语从句。如：从句。如：He asked me,“Does his father know Mr.Green?”He asked me_ his father _ Mr.Green.ifknewComplete the passage with the clauses in the box.Answers:1.a 2.e 3.b 4.c 5.d3 31.Where did Sally work last
37、year?Do you know?_2.When did he buy the nice car?Can you tell me?_3.Where does she live?I dont know._4.What did you say just now?I asked Jim._5.When will he come back home?Please tell me._Join the sentences.Do you know where Sally worked last year?Can you tell me when he bought the nice car?I dont k
38、now where she lives.I asked Jim what he said just then.Please tell me when he will come back home.宾语从句与定语从句的区别宾语从句与定语从句的区别宾语从句宾语从句相当于宾语，只是以一个句子相当于宾语，只是以一个句子的形式出现；而的形式出现；而定语从句定语从句相当于形容词，相当于形容词，用来修饰名词或代词。用来修饰名词或代词。宾语从句宾语从句是做宾语的，一般是在动词或是做宾语的，一般是在动词或者介词后面；者介词后面；定语从句定语从句放在名词或代词放在名词或代词的后面。的后面。中考链接中考链接()1.
39、Excuse me.Could you tell me _?It will leave at 4:00 p.m.(2011盐城盐城)A.how will you go Shanghai B.how you will go to Shanghai C.when will the bus leave for Shanghai D.when the bus will leave for ShanghaiD()2.I dont know the girl in red.Could you tell me _?(2011湖北黄石湖北黄石)A.what is her name B.how old is s
40、he C.who is she D.where she comes fromD()3.Do you know the kid with _ Bob is talking over there?Yes,its my cousin.(2011湖北黄石湖北黄石)A.who B.that C.不填不填 D.whomD()4.-Can you tell me _ it is from home to school?-Sure.Its about three kilometers.(2011襄襄阳阳)A.how much B.how long C.how far D.how soonC()5.-Do yo
41、u know the man _ is reading the book over there?-Yes,hes Mr.Green,our PE teacher.(2011襄阳襄阳)A.which B.what C.whom D.whoD()6.The people _ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing.(2011四川德阳四川德阳)A.which B.whom C.whoC ()7.Could you tell me _ the party?Next Friday.(2011广西柳州广西柳州)A.where we are going t
42、o have B.when we are going to have C.when we were going to haveB()8.I dont know if she to my birthday party tomorrow.If she ,Ill be very happy.(2011湖南益阳湖南益阳)A.comes;comes B.will come;comes C.comes;will comeB()9.Have you finished the book _ you borrowed from the library?(2011四川广元四川广元)A.which B.it C.w
43、hatA()10.Mary,could you tell me if your mother _ our school sports meeting tomorrow?I think she will come to school if she _ free.(2011山东滨州山东滨州)A.will take part in;will be B.takes part in;is C.will take part in;is D.takes part in;will beC()11.Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.Yes.
44、But if it _,well play chess instead.(2011山东泰安山东泰安)A.will rainB.rained C.is rainingD.rainsD()12.Where did you go last week?I went to Zhang Aipings hometown and visited the house he was born in.(2011四川四川达州达州)A.that B.there C.who D.whoseA()13.I hear that Lilys brother is a worker here.Look,the man _ is
45、 working over there is her brother.(2011四川资阳四川资阳)A.who B.whom C.what D.whichA()14.Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind _.It will be OK if there is sun,sea and beach.(2012四川乐山四川乐山)A.where do we go B.where we go C.when we goB()15.Steve Jobs is one of the persons _ founded Apple Co
46、mputer Company.His death marked the end of an era(时代时代).(2012山东东营山东东营)A.who B.whom C.which D./A()16.What are you looking for?Im looking for the pen _ my father gave me last week.(2012浙江衢州浙江衢州)A.who B.which C.whose D.whomB()17.Please pass me the cartoon book _ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.(2012天津天
47、津)A.whom B.whose C.who D.which()18.“What do you think of the school uniforms?”“Very good.I like clothes _ make me feel comfortable.”(2012贵州贵阳贵州贵阳)A.that B.what C.whoAD()19.I wonder _ at 8:00 last night?I was watching NBA.(2013铜仁铜仁)A.what were you doing B.what did you do C.what you were doing D.what
48、are you doingC()20.I dont remember_ the book yesterday.(2013北京北京)A.where I put B.where did I put C.where will I put D.where l will putA()21.Excuse me,Could you tell _?Yes.Go along this street and you will find it on your left.(2013 衢州衢州)A.where is the museum B.which is the way to the museum C.how fa
49、r is the museum D.how can I get to the museumB()22.Could you tell me _ ameeting in Guangzhou next week?(2013梅州梅州)A.if there was going to be B.if there is going to be C.whether is there going to be D.whether there is going to haveB()23.Our physics teacher told uslight _ faster than sound.(2013黔东南黔东南)
50、A.travels B.traveledC.traveling D.to travelA()24.I dont know _.Because he has to look after his mother.(2013天津天津)A.why he is leaving B.why is he leaving C.whether he is leaving D.whether is he leavingA()25.If you cant find the place,I will show you _.(2013河北河北)A.what it is B.what it was C.where it i
