1、The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句GrammarCultural heritageCultural heritageUnit 1Unit 1 I like a song.The song sounds good.I like a song which/that sounds good.The song which/that I like sounds good.充当主语充当主语充当宾语充当宾语u指物物：不管充当主语还是宾语，都可以用which和that I like a boy.The boy is handsome.I like a boy who/that is
2、handsome.The boy who/whom/that I like is handsome.充当主语充当主语充当宾语充当宾语u指人人：充当主语，用who和that 充当宾语，用who/whom/that I like a boy.His name is Deng Lun.I like a boy whose name is Deng Lun.I like the house.The windows of the house face south.I like the house whose windows face south.充当定语充当定语充当定语充当定语u指某人的、某物的：用wh
3、oseI still remember the days when I played with you.I still remember the days.I played with youu指时间状语时间状语：用whenduring the days时间状语时间状语I still remember the days which/that I spent with you.I still remember the days.I spent with youu指物：用which/thatthe days充当宾语，时间名词充当宾语，时间名词I still remember the days whi
4、ch/that we visited last year.I still remember the city.We visited last year.u指物物：用which/thatthe city充当宾语，地点名词充当宾语，地点名词I still remember the city where we lived last year.I still remember the city.We lived last year.u指地点状语地点状语：用wherein the city地点状语地点状语I cant believe his reason why he was late.I cant b
5、elieve his reason.He was late u指原因状语原因状语：用whyfor the reason 原因状语原因状语I cant believe his reasonwhich/that he explained to me.I cant believe his reason.He explained to me.u指物物：用which/thatthe reason 充当宾语充当宾语感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题1.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible
6、to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.2.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.3.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived n
7、ear the dam，the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.4.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece，and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.5.Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not ru
8、n over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.6.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.1.句16加黑部分都是 从句。2.句
9、2、3、5和6中，先行词都是表示人或物的名词，先行词在从句中作的都是，关系代词不能省略，所以其后的定语从句用关系代词_或者 来引导。3.句1、4中，先行词分别是表示时间和地点的名词，且在后面的从句中作状语，所以用关系 when和where来引导。4.句6中，which引导的是一个 从句，修饰先行词UNESCO。限制性定语主语whothat副词非限制性定语一、基本概念1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词(who，whom，whose，which，that，as)和关系副词(where
10、，when，why)。2.关系词的作用：一是代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分；二是起连接作用，连接先行词和定语从句。语法精讲3.根据先行词与定语从句的关系紧密程度不同，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。二、关系词的种类和功能三步确定关系词：一找先行词，二看先行词是指人还是指物，三判断定语从句所缺的成分。限制性定语从句 人物主语who，thatwhich，that宾语who，whom，that，省略which，that，省略介词宾语whomwhich定语whose状语when介词whichwhere介词whic
11、hwhyforwhich定语从句那些事：1.在定语从句中只用that，不用which的情况：All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the worst loss that I have ever suffered.这是我经历过的最严重的损失。This is the very issue that I want to put forward at tomor
12、rows meeting.这正是我想在明天的会议上提出的问题。The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.你告诉我的那位科学家和他的成就为我们所有人钦佩。Who is the boy that won the gold medal?赢得金牌的男孩是谁？总结：(1)先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时；先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时；先行词被the
13、 very，the only，just等修饰时；先行词既包括人又包括物时，用that引导定语从句。(2)who/which引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复，用that引导定语从句。2.当先行词是those，he，anybody，anyone时，关系词的选用He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who dont reach the Great Wall are not true men.不到长城非好汉。Anybody who breaks the law should be punished.任何违法的人都应该受到惩罚
14、。总结：先行词为those，he，anybody，anyone等时，用who引导定语从句。3.特殊先行词后定语从句关系词的选用Bull fighting is a sport where men fight with bulls.斗牛是人与牛竞技的运动。I dont understand the way(that/in which)they work out the problem.我不理解他们解决这个问题的方式。总结：(1)当先行词是case，situation，point，condition，activity，position，stage，sport，race，competition等并在
15、定语从句中作状语时，用in which或where引导定语从句。(2)当先行词是way，并在定语从句中作状语时，用that/in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。4.先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时，都用关系副词引导定语从句吗？This is the museum that/which was established by his father.这是他父亲一手建立起来的博物馆。This is the museum where/in which his father worked twenty years ago.这就是他父亲20年前工作过的那个博物馆。The reason tha
16、t/which he gave is unbelievable.他给出的理由让人无法相信。The reason why/for which he conducted so well was that he had made full preparations.他发挥得这么好的原因是他做了充分的准备。I will always remember the day that/which we spent together.我将永远记得我们一起度过的那一天。I will always remember the day when/on which I got promoted.我将永远记得我升职的那一天
17、。总结：表“时间”“地点”和“原因”的先行词如果在从句中作主语或宾语，要用关系代词引导定语从句；如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词或者“介词which”引导定语从句。5.as引导的定语从句(1)as引导的限制性定语从句常和the same，such连用，as在从句中作主语、宾语。构成固定用法：the same.as.，such.as.。Even in my dreams I couldnt imagine such a beautiful place as you have offered us.你提供给我们的地方如此美丽，即使在梦里我也想象不到。(2)as与which引导的非限制性定语从句共同
18、点：其先行词都指代一句话。不同点：as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首；as引导的定语从句有“正如，正像”的意思，而which指“这/那一点，这/那件事”。The sun gives off light and heat，which makes it possible for plants to grow.太阳释放光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。As we all know/As is known to us all，light travels faster than sound.Light travels faster than sound，as
19、is known to us all.众所周知，光速比声速快。注意：as常用于：as anybody can see，as we all know，as we expect/as is expected，as is reported，as has been announced，as is often the case。6.介词关系代词Jack introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar.杰克向我介绍了他的我不很熟悉的朋友。I will never forget the day on which/when we wo
20、rked together in the countryside.我永远不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的那一天。The clever boy dug a hole in the wall，through which he could see what was happening inside the house.这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它他可以看到屋里发生的事情。Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of which she spoke fluently.朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有这些她都说得流利。总结：介词确定的原则：(1
21、)依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定；(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定；(3)根据所表达的意思来确定；(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。用适当的关系词填空，完成下列短文达标检测There was a time 1.I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2.my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I we
22、nt to senior high school.When I first came to the club 3.I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide teacher 4.name was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face.whenwhywherewhoseHe also showed me a good partner，with 5.I got
23、along well.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.we did.The guide teacher 7.encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8.I put my entire energ
24、y.Not only do I read my words and passages aloud but I also join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I will recall my passages，whomthat/whichwho/thatwhichthrough 9.I can memorize a large number of new words.10.our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，we will conquer English sooner or later.”whichAs
