1、2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、完形填空It had been an interesting soccer match. Jerry was so absorbed in it that everyone_1_his passion for sports. He also developed a_2_ attitude towards acquiring such a soccer uniform. Whatever he desires, he asks his parents to purchase it in a split of seco
2、nds.“Mom, I want a soccer uniform, he begged his mother.“OK,” said his mother, “but you need to have_3_.”The days passed by, but he got no _4_ from his parents. His dream seemed to collapse. However, Jerry never gave up his idea. He kept thinking how to achieve it as early as possible. A sparkling i
3、dea struck his mind. He could _5_ one of his T-shirts, but what if his mother saw and scolded (责备)?Though anxious, he finally made up his mind.He drew a circle with the help of a bowl and modified the soccer image onto the T-shirt. He also took_6_ to avoid the spread of color onto the other side of
4、it. It was a remarkable piece of work.“Jerry! What are you doing?” his mother suddenly appeared.“I may not get the uniform, but I can try to paint the image on my T-shirt, I thought.” He was _7_to face his mother. But out of his expectation, his mother _8_ him for his work ignoring the mistake. She
5、did not mind the T-shirt in the presence of the idea of painting.“Its OK,” said Mom.“If we had fulfilled your every want, your inborn_9_would have been hidden. You wouldnt have thought of other alternative in getting the uniform. That adds to your_10_ to achieve your goal,” she said. “Thank you, Mom
6、.” He ran playfully.1AcontrolledBsensedCsupportedDexpected2AthirstyBrealisticCcautiousDselfish3AconfidenceBmotivationCinspirationDpatience4AdecisionBresponseCjudgmentDrecognition5ApurchaseBexchangeCpaintDsew6AinterestBenergyCcourageDcare7AeagerBsurprisedCafraidDrelieved8AappreciatedBblamedCrewardedD
7、thanked9AtasteBfondnessCtalentDfear10AwillpowerBhonestyCresponsibilityDtolerance二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Wang was born and grew up in America, but she_11_(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new tr
8、end: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of _12_ (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. Ive made many videos,_13_(aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told B
9、eijing Review.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they_14_ (traditional) work only during daylight hours. This device, however _15_(use) a thermoelectric g
10、enerator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy,_16_is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas_17_ (locate) far from a power grid (电网).阅
11、读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A study showed how much dogs love their owners. In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears_18_(produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. The team then repeated the experiment, this
12、 time with dogs that were reunited with their owners_19_being apart for five hours. The results showed dogs only shed tears during the reunions. The team now wants to find out_20_dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.三、阅读理解Give a little sunshine!The Council on Aging (C
13、OA) runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone. The aim is simple-to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks.Sheila, 77, a retired teacher, lived alone. She has been receiving calls fro
14、m Rianne, a volunteer, for over two months.“Talking to Rianne is something I really look forward toa breath of fresh air. We talk about everythingtheatre, her work, books weve readListening to someone elses life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.”“At the beginning, I had no e
15、xpectation of how the phone calls would go, but its wonderful that its led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot ”Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a seniors life?The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolated (独居的) senior for a daily call. When comfortable,
16、the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their o
17、wn and reduce their isolation.What are the volunteer qualifications?Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with othe
18、r volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check, the cost of which will be borne by COAAnd the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community!If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshin
19、e Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form.21Why does the passage mention Sheilas experience?ATo show her lonelinessBTo share a sweet memory.CTo stress the value of CoADTo praise Riannes kindness.22One of the responsibilities of volunteers isAmaking weekly calls
20、 to seniorsBvisiting seniors during holidaysCintroducing new friends to seniorsDteaching seniors to use smart phones23If you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do?ALearn the use of a chat app.BPrepare a computer by yourself.COffer a letter of recommendation.DHave relevant working exper
21、ience.24What is the purpose of the passage?ATo inform the readers of COABTo invite seniors to sign up for COACTo introduce volunteer work in COADTo advertise for new volunteers for COAThis was the first communication that had come from her aunt in Jessies lifetime.“I think your aunt has forgiven me
22、at last,” her father said as he passed the letter across the table.Jessie looked first at the autograph(签名). It seemed strange to see her own name there. There was a likeness between her aunts autograph and her own, a hint of the same decisiveness and precision. If Jessie had been educated fifty yea
23、rs earlier, she might have written her name in just that manner.“Youre very like her in some ways,” her father said, as she still stared at the autograph.“I should think you must almost have forgotten what Aunt Jessie was like, dear,” she said. “How many years is it since you last saw her?”“More tha
24、n forty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. Jessie always prided herself on being so modern. She read Darwin and things like that. Altogether beyond me, I admit.”“And so it seems that she wants to see me.” Jessie straightened her shoulders and lifted her head. She was excited
25、at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so often heard about. Sometimes she had wondered if the personality of this remarkable relative had not been a figment(虚构) of her fathers imagination.But this letter of hers that now lay on the breakfast table was admirable in character. Ther
26、e was something of intolerance expressed in its tone. It was just like what her father had told her.Mr. Deane came out of his past memories with a sigh.“Yes, yes; she wants to see you, my dear,” he said. “Ive heard she has set up a school and helped many youngsters. I think you had better accept thi
27、s invitation to stay with her. If she took a fancy to you, you could get a better education”He sighed again, and Jessie knew that for the hundredth time he was regretting his own past weakness.25How was the relationship between Jessies father and her aunt?AIt remained very close over the years.BIt w
28、as broken when they were young.CIt got tenser due to a misunderstanding.DIt was uneasy for their financial differences.26From the passage, we know Jessie was .Aeager to meet her aunt.Bcautious about her aunts invitationCangry with her aunt for ignoring her family.Dpuzzled by her aunts sudden interes
29、t in her27What can we learn from the passage?AJessies aunt promised to offer her better education.BJessies aunts personality seemed to change a lot.CJessie and her aunt were different in personality.DJessies father felt sorry for what he had done.Many people would answer the question of what makes u
30、s human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural bein
31、gs too?One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion (排除), in which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at so
32、me sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings. For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environme
33、nt too.However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral evaluation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So its quite possibl
34、e that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the environment Chimpanzees in Mahale do n
35、ot fish algae (水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference between them and us after all? Not exactly: There is
36、a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture”. We dont have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the “ratchet (棘轮) effect”. Like a ratchet that can be turned forward
37、 but not back, peoples cultural techniques evolve.It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generati
38、ons.28Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parks in Paragraph 2?ATo prove that culture does exist in animals.BTo justify the uniqueness of the research method.CTo compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.DTo stress the importance of environment in studying cultu
39、re.29What does the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AAdvanced.BInborn.CAdaptive.DIntelligent.30What can we learn from the passage?ACumulative culture is what sets humans apart from animals.BCulure in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.CAnimals dont have the abili
40、ty to invent behaviors in a community.DThe “ratchet effect” decides if humans can build on past experiences.When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart” insulin (胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep
41、 her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives.Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic(算法的)age.But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive suppor
42、ters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobels mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AIs capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination.A principle of privacy rules is “minimizati
43、on”: collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and gender. Ms Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes.Ms Lobels call to use more, not less, personal information challenge
44、s data-privacy orthodoxy(正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates g loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency(透明)over algorithmic decisions.The problems with algorithmic formulae(公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land
45、by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AL. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. “All models are wrong,” runs a wise saying. “Some are useful.”Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better k
46、nown Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, Vin the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to
47、 take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.The author calls on data geeks to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulaein other words, to escape from model land. “We do not need to have the best possible answer,” she writes, “only a
48、 reasonable one.”Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: “Its always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.”31Ms Lobel intends to convey th
