1、Unit 4 Exploring literatureErnest Hemingway老人与海（节选）老人与海（节选）欧内斯特海明威（18991961），美国小说家、短篇小说作家，因其独特的写作风格而广受好评。他非常擅长描写硬汉们的冒险经历，他认为那些硬汉“可以被毁灭但不能被击败”。老人与海是他最重要的小说之一，讲述了一个名叫圣地亚哥的渔夫的故事。在两手空空 84 天后，圣地亚哥试图捕一条大鱼。The Old Man and the SeaErnest Hemingway(18991961),an American writer of novels and short stories,is w
2、ell thought of for his unique writing style.He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes“can be destroyed but not defeated”.The Old Man and the Sea,one of his most important novels,tells the story of a fisherman named Santiago.After coming in empty-handed for eighty
3、-four days,Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.1.Ernest Hemingway,an American writer of novels and short stories,is well thought of for his unique writing style.think of 想起；认为想起；认为,评价；想出；关心评价；想出；关心It behoves us to think of these dangers.我们理应考虑这些危险。我们理应考虑这些危险。We think of you as one of the family.我
4、们把你看作家中的一员。我们把你看作家中的一员。be well thought of (for)1.I tried to think about all the problems that were ahead of me tomorrow.我试着想考虑一下明天要面对的所有问题。我试着想考虑一下明天要面对的所有问题。2.Think back to your childhood and try to identify your earliest memory.回想一下你的童年，并试着找出你脑中最早的记忆。回想一下你的童年，并试着找出你脑中最早的记忆。3.You should think twice
5、 about employing someone youve never met.雇用素不相识的人应三思而行。雇用素不相识的人应三思而行。4.She said she needs time to think it over.她说她需要时间仔细考虑它。她说她需要时间仔细考虑它。He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes“can be destroyed but not defeated”extremely adv.极度，极度，非常非常extreme adj.极度的极度的;极端的极端的
6、,严重的严重的;过分的过分的,偏激的偏激的;尽头的尽头的This species is extremely rare.Operation of the device is extremely simple.The heat in the desert was extreme.The girls were afraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution.非常非常非常非常地地极端极端极度的极度的He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men
7、 who he believes“can be destroyed but not defeated”defeat vt.打败，战胜；使受挫；使困惑打败，战胜；使受挫；使困惑 n.失败；击败；战胜失败；击败；战胜You must learn to accept defeat with good grace.你必须学会欣然承认失败。你必须学会欣然承认失败。He handily defeated his challengers.他轻而易举地打败了向他挑战的人。他轻而易举地打败了向他挑战的人。The player (defeat)in the game，but he didnt lose heart
8、.was defeated3.After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days，Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.attempt vt.尝试；企图尝试；企图 n.努力；尝试；企图努力；尝试；企图attempt to do sth.尝试尝试/企图做某事企图做某事make an attempt to do sth.尝试尝试/企图做某事企图做某事Caroline made a faint attempt at a laugh.卡罗琳勉强地笑了一下。卡罗琳勉强地笑了一下。I will attempt to a
9、nswer all your questions.我将努力回答你的全部问题。我将努力回答你的全部问题。The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer.For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side.Then he straightened himself an
10、d began another circle.这时，那条鱼正绕着圈子游过来，神态平静而美丽，只有它那巨大的尾巴这时，那条鱼正绕着圈子游过来，神态平静而美丽，只有它那巨大的尾巴在动。老人使劲拉它，想让它靠得更近些。有那么一会儿，那条鱼有点侧在动。老人使劲拉它，想让它靠得更近些。有那么一会儿，那条鱼有点侧着身子。然后，他挺直身子，开始转另一个圈。着身子。然后，他挺直身子，开始转另一个圈。“I moved him,”the old man said.“I moved him then.”The old man VS The fishexcitement 兴奋兴奋“我挪动它了，”老人说。“那时候我把它
11、挪动了。”He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could.I moved him,he thought.Maybe this time I can get him over.Pull,hands,he thought.Hold up,legs.Last for me,head.Last for me.You never went.This time Ill pull him over.encouragement鼓励鼓励The old man VS The fish他现在又感到头
12、晕了，但他还是竭尽全力抓住这条大鱼。我抓住它了，他想。也许这次我能把他抓过来。手，快点拉，他想。腿，挺住。脑袋，拜托坚持住。你从来没有误过事。这次我要把它拉过来。Language points3.But when he put all of his effort on,starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength,the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.但是，大鱼还不曾游到
13、船边，他便使尽平生力气，拼命拉扯，大鱼但是，大鱼还不曾游到船边，他便使尽平生力气，拼命拉扯，大鱼 被拉过来一半，不久又恢复原位，游开。被拉过来一半，不久又恢复原位，游开。(1)句中句中part way相当于副词，相当于副词，“半途，部分地，一半半途，部分地，一半”。如：。如：They were part way through the meeting when she arrived.她到达的时候会议已经进行一段时间了。Language points(2)句中句中right作动词，作动词，“使使回正常位置，恢复正常，把回正常位置，恢复正常，把扶扶正正”。如：。如：最后，飞机终于恢复了平稳，大家
14、都平安无事。At last the plane righted itself and everyone was safe and sound.这样下去要一无所获了，他想。他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。我这次一定要把它拉到船边，他想。它再多转几圈，我就不行了。不，你行，他告诉自己。你永远都行。That way nothing is accomplished,he thought.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.I must get him alongside this
15、 time,he thought.I am not good for many more turns.Yes you are,he told himself.Youre good for ever.On the next turn,he nearly had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away.在接下来的一圈，他差点就把它拉过来了。但是这鱼又正了正身子，慢慢游走了。你快弄死我了，鱼啊，老人想。不过你有权这么做。我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。来，杀了我吧。我不在乎谁弄死谁。You a
16、re killing me,fish,the old man thought.But you have a right to.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.Come on and kill me.I do not care who kills who.Now you are getting confused in the head,he thought.You must keep your head clear.Keep your he
17、ad clear and know how to suffer like a man.Or a fish,he thought.你现在脑子开始犯糊涂了，他想。你必须保持头脑清醒。保持头脑清醒，要像条汉子，懂得怎么受苦。或者像条鱼，他想。表示否定意义的副词或短语，如表示否定意义的副词或短语，如never，seldom，little，hardly，rarely，in no way，in no case，at no time，by no means，in/under no circumstances，nowhere等放到句首，要使用部分等放到句首，要使用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词倒装，即
18、把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。放在主语之前。Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.In no country other than Britain,it had been said,can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.1.Never before has our country been so prosperous and powerful as it is today.2.Only if a teacher gives per
19、mission is a student allowed to enter the room 3.On no account should the soldiers be blamed for what happened.1.我们的国家从来没有像今天这样繁荣富强。我们的国家从来没有像今天这样繁荣富强。2.只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进入这个房间。只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进入这个房间。3.无论如何，士兵们不应该为所发生的事受到责备。无论如何，士兵们不应该为所发生的事受到责备。4.Now you are getting confused in the head,he thought.他想，现在
20、你脑子里有点糊涂了。他想，现在你脑子里有点糊涂了。confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的【拓展】confuse vt.使迷惑;使难于理解 confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的 confusion n 困惑,混乱；混淆【归纳归纳】confuse A with/and B 把把A和和B相混淆相混淆 be confused by sth.被被搞糊涂了搞糊涂了 get/become confused 困惑，不知所措困惑，不知所措 in confusion 困惑地；困窘地困惑地；困窘地【语境应用语境应用】根据提示完成下列句子。根据提示完成下列句子。1)我被这么多的事情搞糊涂了。我被这么多的事
21、情搞糊涂了。I _ by so many things.2)我总是把你和你妹妹搞混我总是把你和你妹妹搞混你们俩长得太你们俩长得太像了。像了。I always _ you look so alike.was confused confuse you with your sister“清醒起来，脑袋，”他用自己都几乎听不见的声音说，“清醒起来。”那鱼跟之前一样，又转了两圈。我不明白，老人想。每次他都觉得自己就快要不行了。我不明白。但我还要再试一次。“Clear up,head,”he said in a voice he could hardly hear.“Clear up.”Twice mor
22、e it was the same on the turns.I do not know,the old man thought.He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.I do not know.But I will try it once more.He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the grea
23、t tail weaving in the air.Ill try it again,the old man promised,although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.他又试了一次，当他把鱼拉转过来时，他感觉自己快不行了。鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。我要再试一下，老人答应自己，尽管他的双手这时已经软弱无力，而且大部分时间双眼都看不清。他又试了一次，依然如故。还没动手他就感觉要不行了，他这样想，我还要再试一次He tried it again and it was the
24、 same.So he thought,and he felt himself goingbefore he started;I will try it once again.on the point of doing 即将即将.之时，正要之时，正要.的时候的时候We were on the point of giving up.He was on the point of saying something_ the phone rang.他正要说些什么的时候，电话响了。他正要说些什么的时候，电话响了。Is there any more debate on the point of the o
25、rder?就程序问题还有任何争议吗就程序问题还有任何争议吗?8.He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.when9.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.with the great tail weaving in the air是是“with宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语”结构，结构，在句中作伴随状语。该结构作状语还可以表示原因、条件等情况。在句中作伴随状语。该结构作状语还可以表示
26、原因、条件等情况。With winter approaching，its time to buy some warm clothes.The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.With so many problems in his mind,he cant sleep well at night.with宾语宾语adj.adv.介词介词短语短语doing (宾语和宾语补足语为宾语和宾语补足语为主动关系主动关系，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行)done (宾语和宾补之间是被动宾语和宾补之间是被动关系关系，表示动
27、作已完成，表示动作已完成)to do (不定式表示的动作尚未发生不定式表示的动作尚未发生)1._,we cant take our vacation when we want to.由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。2.The boy stood there _.这个男孩低头站在那儿。这个男孩低头站在那儿。3.The boy rushed into the room,with his face _.那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来。4.I cant go out with all these _.所有这些碟子都要洗所
28、有这些碟子都要洗,我不能出去。我不能出去。With the children at schoolwith his head downcovered with sweatdishes to wash in a/like a flash in flashes =very quickly;at once;immediately He realised that he was doing it himself,and in a flash he understood the situation.然后他意识到他自己在做这件事，刹那间他明白了情况。然后他意识到他自己在做这件事，刹那间他明白了情况。The answer had come to him in a flash.他一下子就有了答案。他一下子就有了答案。
