1、不定式作定语和结果状语不定式作定语和结果状语 Learn the rules of to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result Be able to use to-infinitives in the writingThe teacher told us to read books.Teaching is my job.We want to finish the homework quickly.The girl making up is very lovely.谓语非谓语To see is to believe.非谓语谓语非
2、谓语谓语谓语谓语非谓语非谓语During a typhoon,you should do your best to keep your head 非谓语非谓语谓语这些非谓语在句子中做哪些成分？这些非谓语在句子中做哪些成分？非谓语在句子中做哪些成分？非谓语在句子中做哪些成分？谓语动词非谓语动词在句子中充当谓语充当谓语的动词；在句子中不充当谓语不充当谓语的动词；非谓语 非谓语动词有哪些非谓语动词有哪些非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。非谓语使用条件：非谓语使用条件：一个句子当中，一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词已经存在一个谓语动词,又
3、没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时She got off the bus,left her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.1.To finish the work on time is difficult.2.He refused to help me.3.Our parents expect us to go to a good university.4.He is always the first to come.5.He got up e
4、arly to catch the first bus.6.I am happy to see you.7.He hurried to the station only to find the bus had gone.8.My dream is to go to a good university.不定式在句子中可以做哪些成分？不定式在句子中可以做哪些成分？不定式：不定式：主，谓主，谓,宾，定宾，定,状状,表，补表，补动词不定式作定语1.1.动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词名词或代词后面后面 Is this the best way to hel
5、p him?这是帮他的最佳方法吗？这是帮他的最佳方法吗？Your wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。2.不定式作定语与被修不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间常饰的名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。有一定的逻辑关系。名词或代词为动词不定式的名词或代词为动词不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语(主谓关系主谓关系)。如：。如：Wendy was the first student to arrive at school.名词或代词为不定式的名词或代词为不定式的逻辑宾语逻辑宾语(动宾关
6、系动宾关系)。如：。如：I have a meeting to attend.Tip:如果不定式是如果不定式是不及物动词不及物动词，需要加，需要加介词介词才能与名词之间才能与名词之间构成动宾关系。如：构成动宾关系。如：This is a good topic to talk about.名词与不定式是名词与不定式是同位语关系同位语关系(动词不定式与所修饰的名词指代的内动词不定式与所修饰的名词指代的内容一致容一致)。如：。如：I have a wish to go to college.Who has the ability to do the work?We should have the c
7、ourage to face any difficulty.They have found out a way to help the villages get rid of poverty.常接不定式作定语的常接不定式作定语的抽象抽象名词有名词有：ability,ambition,chance,wish,attempt,decision,moment,need,plan,promise,reason,time,way,courage,opportunity 等。等。Clint was the second person to survive in the earthquake.subject
8、verb A person needs just three things to be truly happy in the worldsomeone to love,something to do and something to hope for.Wise men speak because they have something to say;fools because they have to say something.verbobject The need to love and to be loved is universal.In order to grow,people ne
9、ed to have a willingness to take risks and to accept the possibility that they may fail at first.appositionWhat is the logical relationship?verbobject不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。3.3.动词不定式作定语，有动词不定式作定语，有被动形式被动形式。如：。如：The house to be built there will be a library.He was the
10、 first person to be awarded such a prize.She made a list of the people to be invited.4.4.当中心词是当中心词是序数词序数词或或被序数词、形容词最高级被序数词、形容词最高级及及the next,the the next,the only,the lastonly,the last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.She is the only pe
11、rson to be admitted to the committee.1.1.通常放在其修饰的名词或代词通常放在其修饰的名词或代词_;_;2.2.与被修饰的名词或代词之间有一定的逻辑关系：与被修饰的名词或代词之间有一定的逻辑关系：_、_或或_。3.3.动词不定式作定语，有动词不定式作定语，有被动形式被动形式。4.4.当中心当中心词词是是_或或_及及the next,the only,the last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。后面后面主谓关系主谓关系动宾关系动宾关系同位语关系同位语关系 动词不定式作定语序数词序数词被序数词、形容词最高级被序数词、形容词最
12、高级1.Do you know who is the first Chinese _(walk)on the moon?2.Do you have anything _(say)?If not,we will put an end to the meeting.3.He has no friend _(depend).4.Are you going to the meeting _(hold)next week?5.The new building _(complete)next year will be a city museum.6.There may be an opportunity
13、for you _(see)the famous star.to walk to say to depend on to be held to be completedto seePractice 动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作动词不定式作结果状语结果状语，常见于以下结构：，常见于以下结构：1.1.在在 tooto(太太而不能而不能)结构中，表示反面结果，如：结构中，表示反面结果，如：Its never too late to learn.The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.2.2.在在 enough to(如此如此以至于以至于)
14、结构中。如：结构中。如：I was fortunate enough to get the ticket.The hall is large enough to hold 3,000 people.3.3.在在 never to (不再不再.)结构中，可以接结构中，可以接后续的结果后续的结果。如：。如：He left home,never to return.She left,never to be seen again.4.4.在在 only to 结构中结构中,不定式常表示不定式常表示没有预料到的结果没有预料到的结果。如：。如：I hurried to the station,only t
15、o find the train gone.I rushed to the destination,only to find him not there.He returned after the war,only to be told that his wife had left him.5.5.在在 so as to 结构中。如：结构中。如：Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition.She was so angry as to be unable to speak.We are not such fo
16、ols as to believe him.She wont be such a careless person as to forget to lock the door.6.6.在在 such+名词名词 +as to 结构中。如：结构中。如：不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：_(太太.而不能而不能)_(如此如此.以至于以至于)_(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)_(如此如此.以致于以致于)_(可以接后续的结果可以接后续的结果)so/such as to do enough to doonly to do too to do 动
17、词不定式作结果状语never to.Practice 1.The goods are too heavy _(carry).2.I hurried to his house,only _(find)that he was not at home.3.I ran to the school,only _(inform)that I wasnt admitted by Peking University.4.This man was strong enough _(lift)the heavy stone.5.Dinosaurs have died out on the earth,never _
18、(see)again.6.He is such a fool _ able to answer the question.to carry to find to be informed to lift to be seenas not to be动词不定式的基本结构(时态+语态)主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式导学案导学案 to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done无无无无不定式的其他用法To-infinitives as object
19、s&OCsTo-infinitives as subjectsTo-infinitives as predictsTo-infinitives as adverbials不定式做主语不定式做主语不定式作主语通常有两种结构：一种是把不定式不定式作主语通常有两种结构：一种是把不定式to do直接放在句首的位置，另一种是把不定式放在句直接放在句首的位置，另一种是把不定式放在句末，而在句首的主语位置用形式主语末，而在句首的主语位置用形式主语it来指代句末来指代句末的不定式。的不定式。It is important to keep a healthy lifestyle.To see is to bel
20、ieve.熟记以下句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.It is+a/an+n(pleasure,pity,crime,honor)+to do sth It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.It is+adj(表人品的)+of sb.+to do sth.It took(sb)some time/courage/wisdom+to do sth.It is no use/good/useful/useless/a waste of time+doing sth.1.每天阅读是很有用的。1._ is my dream _(travel)to the moon b
21、y spaceship.2.It is an honor _(get)the gold medal in the Olympics3.It is necessary for us _(be)constantly reminded of our shortcomings.4.It is no good_(pretend)to know what you dont know.5.It took them five years _(build)the bridge.Itto travelto getto beto buildpretendingPractice makes perfect不定式做宾语
22、不定式做宾语跟在一些动词后作宾语跟在一些动词后作宾语熟记以下单词：decide，determine，wish，plan，want，manage，try，afford，promise，arrange，desire，pretend，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，fail，agree，forget，prefer，.it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是位于句尾的不定式，常见动词有find,think,make,consider,feel,suppose,believe 等,构成V+it+形容词形容词/名词名词+to do sth.的结构。不定式作某些特殊动词的宾语时，常用it
23、作形式宾语,而把真宾语不定式放在句末。think/consider/find/feel/make/believe+it+adj/n+to do sthHe finds it easy to solve the problem.C.在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what，who，which）或连接副词（how，when，where）及连词whether后面接一个带to的不定式，构成 疑问词疑问词+to do+to do sth.sth.的结构。I wonder whether to go to the party.(=whether I should go to the party)They
24、are considering what to do next.Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.1.We agreed _(meet)here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.2.Mr.Smith determined _(go)to the cinema.3.When his father came in,he pretended _(study).4.I find it interesting _(learn
25、)Maths.5.He considered it his duty _(care)about the homeless kids.6.We think it necessary _(increase)the salary.to meetto goto be studyingto learnto careto increase注意：不定式作某些特殊动词的宾语时，常用it作形式宾语,而把真宾语不定式和动名词放在句末。think/consider/find/feel/make/beilieve+it+adj/n+to do sthPractice makes perfect不定式做宾语补足语不定式
26、做宾语补足语5.不定式作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾补的词有：ask,encourage,force,permit,urge,direct,enable,invite,order,want,wish等(1)My mom encouraged me _(improve)my writing skills.(2)He often makes his little sister _(cry).to improvecry作宾语补足语不用作宾语补足语不用to的常见动词：的常见动词：五看五看(see,watch,observe,look at,notice)三使（室）三使（室）(make,let,have),
27、两听两听(listen to,hear)一感觉一感觉(feel)考点归纳：1.感官动词+宾语+宾补see,watch,observe,look at,notice五看 hearlisten to两听feel一感觉see+sb do sthsb doing sthsth done 看见某人做了某事看见某人正在做某事看见某事被做2.使役动词+宾语+宾补:have let make三使 have sb do sth:have sb/sth doing sth:have sth done:使某人做某事使某人/某物一直做某事使某事被做 make sb do sth:make oneself done:使
28、某人做某事使某人自己被 I saw her _(read)an English poem yesterday.She was seen _(read)an English poem yesterday.He _(see)to cross the road.I _(see)saw him cross the road.I heard her _(sing)a song when I passed by her room.I heard a song _(sing)by a little girl yesterday.readto readwas seensawsingingsungPractic
29、e makes perfect不定式做表语不定式做表语我的愿望是成为一名医生。对于他来说，第一步就是找一个办公室的工作。这次会议的主要目的是选一名新经理。1.George returned after the war,only_(tell)that his wife had left him.2.Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not.He is said_(leave)the stage already as he has become an official.3.I dont want _(sound)like I m speaking ill of a
30、nybody,but the manager s plan is unfair.4._(ensure)the safety of gas,the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.5.We were astonished _(find)the temple still in its original condition.6.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _(break)into small pieces
31、.to have left to be toldto soundTo ensureto findto breakPractice makes perfect不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语I got up early so as to get to school on time.He was so careless as to leave his car unlocked.不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语 不定式口诀；1.不定式一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或者发生在它的后面；I heard her sing.(唱和听见同时发生)I expect to come back n
32、ext Sunday.(“回来”发生在“预计”之后)2.不定式完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；Zhang Sanfeng,a 13th-century Taoist,was said to have invented tai chi.3.不定式进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；She seems to be waiting for somebody.When he came to see me,I happened to be taking a bath.4.不定式完成进行式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，并延续到那个时候，可能仍在进行；She is s
33、aid to have been waiting a novel this year.She seemed to have been working on a difficult maths problem.5.主动语态：一般表示主动的意义，但有时也可以表示被动意义；They began to learn Japanese last winter.Some stars are too far to see.(=to be seen)6.被动语态：表示被动的意义；The composition contest is to be held next month.She is anxious to
34、be invited to the ball.1.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train _(catch).2.Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives.3.The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.4.Li Na,the first _(achieve)a raning of world No.2 in Asia,retired from tenni
35、s in September.5.What is the best way you can imagine _(reduce)the overuse of water in our school?6.Bob lifted a rock only _(drop)it on his own feet.7.She pretended _(read)when the teacher came in.8.I hurried home,only _(find)all the furniture had been washed away.to catchto changeto be completedto
36、achieveto reduceto be readingto findConsolidationto drop Anna is interviewing her teacher,Mr Li,about his experiences during a hurricane.Find the sentences with to-infinitives and fill in the table below.The first ones have been done for you.12To-infinitives as attributives(定语定语)3To-infinitives as a
37、dverbials of result(结果状语结果状语)12afterunexpectedP21 B1 作定语作定语作宾语作宾语作宾语作宾语补足语补足语作结果状语作结果状语作目的状语作目的状语to find books about hurricanesto find he was not in his officeto attendto make PPT slides for my projectP21 B2 was actually the first to leaveto keep us warmwanted to return home as soon as possibleto find it completely destroyedadvised us to take an active part in the rebuildingP21 B3
