1、1.Today,the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees!今天，伦敦的汽温预计将达到今天，伦敦的汽温预计将达到30多度。多度。expect vt.to think that something will happen because it seems likely or has been planned 预料预料，预期，预期，期待期待 eg I expect to be back within a week.我我预计一周之内回来。预计一周之内回来。The company expects to complete
2、work in April.公司公司预期在四月份完工预期在四月份完工。expect to do sth 预期做某事；期待做某事预期做某事；期待做某事expect sb/sth to do sth 预期某人预期某人/某物做某事；期待某人某物做某事；期待某人/某某 物做某事物做某事expect sth from/of sb 期望从某人身上得到某物期望从某人身上得到某物expect that预期预期【归纳归纳】expectation n.预料；预期，期待，盼望；指望预料；预期，期待，盼望；指望expected adj.预料的；预期的预料的；预期的unexpected adj.未预料到的；意外的未预料
3、到的；意外的【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)I enjoyed the film we saw last night.It was far more interesting than _(expect).2)The players _(select)from the whole country are expected _(bring)us honour in this summer game.expectationselectedto bring2.Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines
4、,as well as one of the deepest.Its the hottest on the whole Tube system.我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老、最深的一我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老、最深的一条线。那也是整个地铁系统里最热的一条线。条线。那也是整个地铁系统里最热的一条线。本句中本句中as well as one of the deepest后省略后省略lines。此处此处as well as连接的是两个平行的名词短语，因为这两个平连接的是两个平行的名词短语，因为这两个平行名词短语的行名词短语的中心词同为中心词同为lines，所以可以省略。，所以可以省
5、略。在省略中心词时，我们在省略中心词时，我们既可以省略前一个名词的中心词，也既可以省略前一个名词的中心词，也可以省略后一个名词短语的中心词可以省略后一个名词短语的中心词，因此我们也可以说：，因此我们也可以说：Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest as well as one of the deepest lines.不过这种省略现象主要见于书面语体。不过这种省略现象主要见于书面语体。英语中的英语中的并列句并列句也可以进行省略。一般说来，也可以进行省略。一般说来，在后在后句中与上文相同的成分通常会被省略。句中与上文相同的
6、成分通常会被省略。但需要注意，但需要注意，省略并不是随意而为的，只有当省略并不是随意而为的，只有当省略的词义已经出省略的词义已经出现在句中现在句中，并且在，并且在不影响句意不影响句意的情况下才可以省略。的情况下才可以省略。3.Sure enough,going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano thats erupting.果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。在喷发的火山。erupt v.(of a volcano)bec
7、ome active and eject lava,ash,and gases(火山火山)爆发，喷发爆发，喷发 break out suddenly and violently 突然突然发生发生eg since the volcano last erupted,many houses have been built in a dangerous position on its slopes.自从自从火山上次喷发后，很多房屋建在了火山山坡上火山上次喷发后，很多房屋建在了火山山坡上的危险的危险地地带带。At the end of a hot summer,violence erupted in t
8、he inner cities.一一个炎热的夏末，在市中心贫民区突然爆发了暴力事件。个炎热的夏末，在市中心贫民区突然爆发了暴力事件。eruption n.爆发爆发;突然发生突然发生eg There was a violent eruption of anti-government feeling.反政府反政府情绪突然爆发情绪突然爆发4.This,however,is nothing compared to the train.不过不过这还远远比不上车厢里面这还远远比不上车厢里面。句中的句中的however是副词，表示转折，是副词，表示转折，compared to the train是是过去分词
9、短语作状语过去分词短语作状语。过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语表示的是已完成或被动的动作。其逻作状语表示的是已完成或被动的动作。其逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致，在句中作伴随状语、时间辑主语和句子的主语保持一致，在句中作伴随状语、时间状语、原因状语、条件状语等。状语、原因状语、条件状语等。eg Translated into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.(作时间状语作时间状语)当这个句当这个句子被翻译成英语后，我们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。子被翻译成英语后，我们发现它有一个完全
10、不同的语序。He hurried to the hall,followed by two guards.(作伴随状语作伴随状语)他匆忙去大厅，他匆忙去大厅，(身后身后)跟着两个卫兵。跟着两个卫兵。Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow very fast.(作条件状作条件状语语)如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。compare to 和和比起来比起来;把把比作比作compare A and/with/to B 把把A和和B进行比较进行比较eg We carefully compared the first
11、 picture and/with/to the second.我们仔细地把第一张画和第二张画作了比较。我们仔细地把第一张画和第二张画作了比较。Shakespeare compared the world to stage.莎士比亚莎士比亚把世界比作把世界比作舞台。舞台。compare with 能和能和相比；比得上相比；比得上beyond/without compare 无与伦比无与伦比，举世无双，举世无双eg For relaxation nothing compares with a day on the beach.说到放松，没有什么比说到放松，没有什么比得上得上在海滩上的一天在海滩上
12、的一天。Our professional service promises you a weddingwithout compare.我们以专业的服务我们以专业的服务承诺给你一个无与伦比的承诺给你一个无与伦比的婚礼。婚礼。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)Clearly and thoughtfully _(write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.2)The man went to bed,_(drink)and when he woke up,he
13、found his shoes still on.writtendrunk5.I hope I can make it to Bank stationIll avoid the feeling by thinking about work.我希望我能撑到银行我希望我能撑到银行站站我将通过思考工作来逃避这种感觉。我将通过思考工作来逃避这种感觉。make it:to be very successful 获得成功获得成功to succeed in reaching a place in time(尤指在困尤指在困难情况下难情况下)成功到达成功到达eg Its a very difficult ex
14、amination.Are you sure you can make it?这次考试很难，你确定你能通过吗？这次考试很难，你确定你能通过吗？She made it to the railway station just in time to catch her train.她及时到了火车站，赶上了火车。她及时到了火车站，赶上了火车。【语境应用语境应用】写出下列句子中写出下列句子中make it的含义。的含义。1)What a big wind!I dont think we will make it to the airport in time._2)After so many years
15、of hard work in scientific field,she finally made it._准时到达准时到达获得成功获得成功avoid vt.keep away from or stop oneself from doing(something)避免避免keep oneself away from(sb/sth)躲避；避开躲避；避开其后可接名词、代词或动词其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接动词不形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式作宾语。定式作宾语。avoid doing sth 避免做某事避免做某事eg I still agree with Blakes advice
16、 to avoid surrounding yourself with unpleasant people.我仍同意布莱克的建议，避免让悲观的人围绕着你。我仍同意布莱克的建议，避免让悲观的人围绕着你。与与avoid用法相同，后接动词时只接动词用法相同，后接动词时只接动词-ing形式的动形式的动词有词有delay(推迟推迟)，enjoy(喜欢，欣赏喜欢，欣赏)，escape(逃避逃避)，finish(完成完成)，consider(考虑考虑)，suggest(建议建议)等。等。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)In order to eat healthily,I usually
17、 avoid _(eat)food high in fat,like French fries and cookies.2)A storm is coming.In order to avoid _(catch),we must take our raincoats with us.eatingcatching6.My office is only on the third floor of the building,so quite low.我的我的办公室就在四楼，太低了。办公室就在四楼，太低了。第一句的后半部分省略了主语和谓语，即：第一句的后半部分省略了主语和谓语，即：My office
18、is,因因为它们与前半部分的主语和谓语相同，如果不省略的话就为它们与前半部分的主语和谓语相同，如果不省略的话就会显得很啰嗦。会显得很啰嗦。原句原句=On the third floor of the building,my office is quite low.英语中，英语中，为了使语言简洁明了、重点突出或上下文紧密为了使语言简洁明了、重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。了了解和掌握这一现象，在阅读上有助于理解，在写作上有解和掌握这一现象，在阅读上有助于理解，在写作上有助于用词简练、行文自然流畅。助于用词简练、行文自
19、然流畅。7.Ill join a beginners swimming class immediately.我得马上报个游泳入门班。我得马上报个游泳入门班。immediately adv.at once,right away 立刻，马上立刻，马上 eg The telephone rang,and he answered it immediately.电话铃电话铃响了，他马上去接。响了，他马上去接。immediately conj.一一(就就)用来引导时间状语从句，用来引导时间状语从句，相当于相当于as soon as,the moment等。等。eg Immediately you begi
20、n to speak,he gives you his full attention.你你只要一开始说话，他就会全神贯注地听。只要一开始说话，他就会全神贯注地听。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)We must act _(immediate)to prevent the children from being hurt.2)Henry was so tired that he went to bed _ (immediate)after he got homeimmediatelyimmediately8.Looking through my newspaper,Im sh
21、ocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个 城镇的照片。城镇的照片。look through:survey or scan(a book,paper,etc.)often briefly 快速查看；浏览快速查看；浏览see through 看穿；看穿；识破识破eg Whenever we look through a newspaper or surf the Internet,advertisem
22、ents would immediately jump into our sight.每当我们浏览报纸或在网上冲浪时，每当我们浏览报纸或在网上冲浪时，广告就会广告就会立即立即跳入我们的视线中跳入我们的视线中。We have looked through the enemys tricks.我们已经识破了敌人的诡计。我们已经识破了敌人的诡计。look through 翻查，翻找翻查，翻找eg Ive looked through all my papers but I still cant findthe contract.我我把所有的文件都找遍了，但还是找不到合同。把所有的文件都找遍了，但还是
23、找不到合同。look after 照顾，照料照顾，照料look into 调查，审查调查，审查look back 回顾回顾look out 小心，当心小心，当心look up 查找查找(字典字典)look over 查看；检查查看；检查look down on 瞧不起，轻视瞧不起，轻视look forward to 盼望，渴望盼望，渴望含含look的短语：的短语：look for 寻找寻找【语境运用语境运用】用合适的副词填空。用合适的副词填空。1)I look _ at my high school days,which were the happiest memories in my lif
24、e.2)I often look _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.back up9.Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.专家专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。occur e into being as an event or a process;happen 发生发生be found to be present in a place or under a particular
25、set of conditions 出现出现suddenly think of it or realize it(观念或想法观念或想法)被被想到想到eg If headaches only occur at night,lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.如果如果头疼只发生在晚上，通常是缺乏新鲜的头疼只发生在晚上，通常是缺乏新鲜的空气空气和氧和氧气引起的气引起的。A brilliant idea occurred to me when I woke up in the morning.早上醒来时，我想到了一个很棒的主意。早上醒来时，我
26、想到了一个很棒的主意。【归纳归纳】occur短语短语sth.occurs/occurred to sb.某人突然想起某事某人突然想起某事It hit/struck sb.that 某人突然想到某人突然想到It occurs/occurred to sb.that某人突然想起某人突然想起 It occurs/occurred to sb.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事某人突然想起做某事【注意注意】occur的过去式为的过去式为occurred，过去分词为，过去分词为occurred，现在，现在分词为分词为occurring。occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。没有被动语态，不用于进行时
27、。occur作谓语时，作谓语时，主语不能为人。主语不能为人。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空。1)The possibility that Carolina might be wrong never occurred _ her.卡罗莱娜压根没想过自己可能会错。卡罗莱娜压根没想过自己可能会错。2)I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _(occur)我正沿街寻找停车的地方时，那起事故我正沿街寻找停车的地方时，那起事故发生发生了。了。to occurred 3)_ occu
28、rred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.她突然觉得她应该收养这个无家可归的她突然觉得她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子孩子。写准核心单词。写准核心单词。4)In a word that warms up by 3,it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would _(发生发生).(2019北京高考北京高考)It occur happen,occur,take place,break outhappen表示表示“发生发生”时，强调事件发生的偶然性和不可预见性
29、，时，强调事件发生的偶然性和不可预见性，其主语为事物；表示其主语为事物；表示“碰巧碰巧”时，常用于时，常用于it happens+that从句或从句或happens to do sth.句型中。句型中。occur表示表示“发生发生”时，属于比较正式的用语，常以具体的事件、时，属于比较正式的用语，常以具体的事件、事物为主语，此时可以与事物为主语，此时可以与happen互换。表示互换。表示“在脑海中在脑海中出现某种想法出现某种想法”时，要用时，要用occur,而不可用而不可用happen。take place 多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如
30、举办活动、发生变化等。生变化等。break out 多指自然灾害、战争、某种疾病的突然爆发。多指自然灾害、战争、某种疾病的突然爆发。【语境应用语境应用】选词填空。选词填空。(happen/occur/take place/break out)1)The Second World War _ in September 19392)Great changes have _ in China in the past two decades.3)I can spare you only a few minutes.Just tell me briefly what _.4)It suddenly _
31、to Anne that money couldnt make up for all that Bob had suffered in the past five years.broke out taken place happened occurred 10.Now that its hard to avoid a disaster on Earth,perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space既然很难避免地球上的灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空既然很难避免地球上的灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去去now that 既然，由于，
32、既然，由于，引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句，相当于，相当于since，在口语中在口语中that可以省去，从句中可以省去，从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。是后面的动词不定式短语。eg Now that there is a new tunnel,the road is less dangerous.既然有一条新的隧道，那这条路就不那么危险了。既然有一条新的隧道，那这条路就不那么危险了。引导原因状语从句的其他词汇有引导原因状语从句的其他词汇有since,because,as,for等。等。eg We didnt go to the park beca
33、use the weather was so awful.我们没有去公园，因为天气太糟了。我们没有去公园，因为天气太糟了。【语境应用语境应用】根据汉语意思完成句子。根据汉语意思完成句子。1)既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。_,you should do it well.2)既然这个问题已经被解决了，让我们进入下一个吧。既然这个问题已经被解决了，让我们进入下一个吧。_,lets go to the next one.Now that you have decided to do itNow that the problem has been solved
