1、Unit 1Laugh out loud!-Using language1.Students could memorize some words.2.Students could know some knowledge of“Non-defining attributive clauses”.3.Students should make several sentences by using“Non-defining attributive clauses”.Learning Aims:Non-defining attributive clausesPay attention to these
2、sentences and answer questions.a I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.b laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better,which means clown doctors can be helpful.c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened1
3、What do“where”,“which”and“when”refer to in each sentence?In sentence(a):the waiting area;in sentence(b):.laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better;in sentence(c):the time.2 Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information?If you take away the
4、clauses,do the sentences still make sense?If we take away the clause of sentence(c),the meaning of it is incomplete.If we take away the clauses of sentences(a)and(b),the two sentences still make sense.Sentence(c)sentences(a)and(b)3 Which clauses are separated by a comma,the ones with essential infor
5、mation or the ones with extra information?Sentences(a)and(b)1.非限定性定语从句：Non-defining attributive clauses 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。分类-who引导Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个
6、法裔加拿大人，是一位优秀的厨师。My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。whom引导关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句首。如:Peter,whom you met in London,is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生
7、是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西whose引导whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如:The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard.这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力Above the trees are the mountains,whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。which引导关系代词which在非限制性定
8、语从句，中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如:She is an artist，which I am not.她是一位艺术家，而我不是。which指代主句中的形容词。如:She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。which指代主句中的某个从句。如:He said t
9、hat he had never seen her before，which was not true.他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。which指代整个主句。如:In the presence of so many people he was little tense,which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。when引导关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。如:He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1
10、号，那时他将有空。分类-who引导Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，是一位优秀的厨师。My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。分类-who引导Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，是一位优秀的厨师。My gardener
11、，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。where引导副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。如:They went to London，where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿呆了六个月的时间。as引导as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明但通常用于像as we all know,as it is known,as is known to all,as it is,
12、as is said above,as always mentioned above,as is usual,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有正如，就像之意。如:As is known to the United States,Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道，马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语)Go for
13、a walk in the countryside.There you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.Go for a walk in the countryside,where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.Spend time with your family and friends.This will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.S
14、pend time with your family and friends,which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.Try to accept your mistakes.You can learn a lot through them.Close your eyes and picture the future.Youve made your dreams come true.Try to accept your mistakes,where/through which you can lea
15、rn a lot.Close your eyes and picture the future,where youve made your dreams come true.One day,Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping.They put up their tent under the stars and go to sleep.Suddenly,in the middle of the night,Watson is woken up by Holmes 1_.“Watson,”Holmes says,“look up at the star
16、s,and tell me what they tell you.”Not quite sure what he means,Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2_ at this time of night.who is lying next to himwhich he finds annoying“I see millions of stars and its quite likely there are some planets like Earth.And if so,this means that there might also be life on
17、other planets.”Watson is pleased with his answer 3_.But Holmes 4_ shouts,“Watson,look around you!Use your eyes!Somebodys stolen our tent!”who has lost his patience by nowwhich he thinks will impress HolmesThink of a joke and write it down using non-defining attributive clausesTry to think about other benefits of laughingQuestion1.2.3.Thank you!
