1、2023届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word
2、that best fits each blank.Swimmers enjoy cold swimsMany people enjoy swimming in icy cold water. An open-air swimming pool, _1_ (know) as a lido, in Bedfordshire, England, proved very popular this winter. The Woburn Lido is usually open from May to September, but this year it stayed open to swimmers
3、 throughout the autumn and winter months too._2_ the lockdown for England was announced on 4 January, outdoor pools were allowed to remain open. “Demand has taken us by surprise,” said Murray Heining, a volunteer at the Woburn Lido. Over Christmas and New Year, the lido had to offer extra openings t
4、o keep up with the demand from swimmers.Cold-water swimming _3_ (grow) in popularity in the UK over the past few years. A survey found that 7.5 million people in England had swum in outdoor pools, as well as lakes, rivers and the sea, in 2018. In some areas, such as the river Wharfe in Yorkshire, th
5、is new trend has made environmental groups think more about _4_ the water is cleared of pollution and clean enough for bathers.Some people make it a regular practice; _5_ just enjoy a refreshing dip on Christmas Day, Boxing Day or New Years Day. Every year around the UK, people _6_ (photograph) plun
6、ging into icy water, often in fancy dress, and the recent festive period was no exception, _7_ freezing temperatures.The Outdoor Swimming Society classifies temperatures below 6C as “Baltic” and from 6-11C as “freezing”. They advise people to get in the water gradually, so as _8_ (not shock) the bod
7、y. Likewise, they recommend warming up gradually, and not _9_ (rush) the process by leaping into a hot bath when you get out. Instead, they suggest layering up and drinking something warm.It wasnt just the water that was coldmany people experienced a white Christmas; snow fell in several counties in
8、cluding Yorkshire and Suffolk. Paul Davies, the UK Met Offices chief meteorologist, a scientist _10_ job is to study the weather, said the forecast indicates “the likelihood of the cold conditions experienced recently continuing through January”.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following pas
9、sage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. AalternativesBassessC courageousDdemonstrateE. dynamicF. generates G. inconsideratelyH. potentialI. regulatorsJ. significantK. unreservedlyTrust in your scientific instincts and never
10、 stop moving forwardIve studied biology, biochemistry, math, and computer science, and received my Ph.Dfrom Cambridge University. In 2008, when I learned Philip Morris International (PMI) was building a new laboratory to_11_ the products that would form part of a smoke-free future, I said, “Im in.”S
11、eeing the positive results from the first studies looking at the differences between cigarette smoke and aerosol (气溶胶) from our smoke-free nicotine (尼古丁) products was stimulating. There were so many positive findings, and yet we were still in the building phase. What would happen next? We had to tel
12、l ourselves to be_12_: Dont worry, just look at the data.Systems toxicology (系统毒理学) is an exciting and _13_ field to work in. However, it_14_ massive amounts of data, as it combines standard toxicology with new and diverse techniques to help give us a bigger and more detailed picture of how toxic su
13、bstances affect the body. Working with such giant blocks of data is a challenge for all applications of systems toxicology, not just tobacco harm reduction. This is why we share our data and methods _15_. It is not only in our best interest to _16_ openness to the world at large, but its also import
14、ant to engage the global scientific community in order to always be moving the science forward.The _17_ public health impact of science-backed smoke-free products is considerable. And while these products are not risk-free and deliver nicotinewhich is addictivethe breakthrough is _18_. And I feel an
15、 enormous sense of accomplishment with what weve achieved so far.Of course, we still have important work to do. We will continue to provide information to _19_, scientists, public health organizations, and policymakers about the potential of smoke-free products. We will continue to share our science
16、. And we will continue working to deliver smoke-free _20_ for the worlds adult smokers who dont quit tobacco and nicotine altogether. But this is a marathon, and were in this for the long term.三、完形填空After five long years, it appears Californias drought is finally becoming less severe. _21_ a recent
17、string of storms, more than a third of the state has now welcomed healthy precipitation (降水量), and Californias snowpacka(n) _22_ source of water as the year progresseshas reached nearly twice its seasonal average in some parts of the Sierra Nevada. Thats a dramatic improvement over last summer, when
18、 literally every inch of the state _23_ drought conditions. Its also welcome news for Californians, who have faced a series of water _24_ since Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in early 2014. Farmers have been forced to spend heavily to maintain production.The states water struggle
19、s, _25_, are far from over. For one, nobody knows for sure how long these rains will last. Although recent precipitation has been _26_in some places more than 80 inchesthe accuracy of storm forecasting remains _27_ beyond a week. Californians know this all too well: last year, experts projected a “G
20、odzilla” El Nio that would bring record levels of precipitation. It never _28_. “Will six weeks from now be wet?” asks Jeanine Jones, Californias interstate water-resources manager. “The skill in that kind of forecasting is just not there.”_29_, a storm slowdown is a very real possibilityand it coul
21、d leave California without enough water to make it through the dry summer. _30_, when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earths surface. But those _31_ remain used up after years of drought; restoring them could take years in some pla
22、ces, says Jones.The quick inrush of water has also created a(n) _32_ balancing act for water managers. Keeping surface reservoirs (水库) filled to the edge protects against the possibility of a sudden dry spell, but it also_33_ the risk of flooding if and when future storms hit. To that end, water man
23、agers opened the Sacramento Weir floodgates earlier this month to pour reservoir water into nearby fields after _34_ showed local water levels would likely continue to rise. Thats a calculation that will be made across the state in the coming months.For now, though, Jones is focused on planning and
24、ensuring the states water supply whatever may happen. “Were halfway through our wettest season, and conditions have been encouraging,” she says. “I would say were _35_ optimistic.”21AAccording toBWith respect toCThanks toDIn addition to22AofficialBexhaustibleCunexpectedDcrucial23AexperiencedBimprove
25、dCworsenedDinvestigated24ApollutionBrestrictionsCpressureDcycles25AneverthelessBthereforeCmeanwhileDmoreover26AaccurateBplentifulCconsistentDemergent27AproductiveBunchangeableCprogressiveDunreliable28Afell behindBbroke downCcame aboutDtook off29AOr elseBIn other wordsCAt that pointDAbove all30ALiter
26、allyBContrarilyCHistoricallyDConsequently31AlevelsBformationsCstrugglesDreserves32ArandomBdelicateCmechanicalDinsensible33AheightensBassumesCminimizesDidentifies34ArestorationsBcalculationsCconditionsDprojections35AhopelesslyBextremelyCguardedlyDcheerfully四、阅读理解If you search the internet these days,
27、 youll likely run across some strange-looking, yet cheerful cartoon characters. These computer-created people have small heads and overdone bodies. Theyre created in daring color with arms and legs that look like giant wet noodles. The happy figures are often moving or doing something creative. In 2
28、017 Facebook paid a design team to develop a positive illustration system. One of the designers took that message to heart. She worked to show human connection, motion, energy and joy in her drawings. She “wanted to picture that sense of joy people feel when theyre sharing things together .” The nam
29、e which was given to the new art form when it was completed was very appropriate. They named it Alegria, which means joy in Spanish. Before long Alegria became the go-to style for many technology and media businesses. Corporations such as Google, Airbnb and YouTube began using Alegria or art with Al
30、egria-type similarities. Today you can find Alegria art across the internet, in print, on magazine covers and more. Why did Alegria art become popular so quickly? There are many reasons. As websites depended on illustrations to fill space, Alegria-type art became increasingly useful. The style is fl
31、at, simple and easy to create. By comparison, more detailed art designs require extra time, skill and money to produce. Businesses also love the fact that Alegrias characters celebrate diversity by featuring international cultural events. The illustrations convey good feelings. Those feelings help p
32、eople believe they can trust the companies that feature them on their pages. For some consumers, though, thats a problem. These people think some companies have simply papered over their problems with positive images. Theyve failed to address their wrongdoings or make lasting changes. For many, howe
33、ver, Alegria is a nice visual language that represents happiness. From children hugging to couples dancing, the images are all about positive energy. All in all, it seems that Alegria is the perfect name of this playful, fun art style.36Which of the following features makes Alegria art style so well
34、 received quickly?AIts cheerful room-filling images.BIts trustworthy figures.CIts role as cultural representatives.DIts eye-catching details.37We can learn from the passage that _.AAlegria images may help hide faultsBpositive images convey funny messagesCillustrations can be audio in some wayDsmall-
35、sized cartoon characters enjoy popularity38Alegria is thought as the perfect name for the art style because of its _.Asystem and creativityBtechnology and impactCpopularity and profitDmeaning and functionA STRAIGHTFORWARD INCOME?INVEST IN HIGHWAYS.Discover why now may be a good time for municipal bo
36、ndsIn todays particularly unstable economy, aiming for secure sources of income is more relevant than ever. Tax-free municipal bonds (市政债券) (often issued to fund major infrastructure projects for example highways) offer two significant benefits. They can provide historically low risk, and income fro
37、m bonds is federally (联邦地) tax free. With municipal bonds, investors are paid back the full-face value of their investment at maturity (or earlier, if called) unless the bond defaults, or fails to pay. This historically low risk is essential for many investors, particularly those in, or close to, re
38、tirement. In August of 2019, Moodys Investors Service found that rated investment-grade municipal bonds had an average increasing 10-year default rate of just 0.10% between 1970 and 2018. Therefore, they can be an important part of your investment.Income from municipal bonds is not subject to federa
39、l income tax and, depending on where you live, may also be free from state and local taxes. Tax-free income can be a big attraction for many investors.Since 1990, Hennion & Walsh has specialized in investment-grade, tax-free municipal bonds. The company supervises over $3 billion in assets (资产)
40、in over 16,000 accounts, providing individual investors with discipline, personal service and integrity.In case you want to know more about the benefits of tax-free municipal bonds, we now have an offer for you. Our specialists have created a helpful Bond Guide for investors. Its free and comes with
41、 no obligation (义务) at all.FREE BOND GUIDEwithout cost or obligationCALL (800) 318-4850In the Bond Guide, youll learn:The benefits and risks of municipal bondsStrategies for smart bond investingMunicipal bond facts every investor should know 2021 Hennion & Walsh Inc. Securities offered through H
42、ennion & Walsh Inc. Member of FINRA, SIPC Investing in bonds involves risk including possible loss of principal, i.e. the original amount of money invested. Income may be subject to state, local or federal alternative minimum tax. When interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and when interest rat
43、es fall, bond prices rise. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.39It can be learnt from the leaflet that _.Ano taxes of any kind are put on municipal bondsBInvestment in municipal bonds is relatively safeCHennion & Walsh are billionaire investorsDinterest rates and bond defaults
44、 go hand in hand40Which of the following is true about Bond Guide?AIt shares risk-free bond investing skills.BIt recommends bond investing specialists.CIt offers a guaranteed investment return.DIt proposes investing plans for reference only.41It can be inferred from the leaflet that municipal bonds
45、are _.Aissued particularly in hard timesBintended for Hennion & Walsh Inc.Csheltered by the government in a wayDsubject to the major infrastructure projects42Who would be the most likely target readers of this leaflet?AMunicipal bond administrators.BFederal tax calculators.CThe copyright owners
46、of the Bond Guide.DSenior-citizen investors.Research into language learning and motivation has changed direction over the past two decades, shifting from what are now considered overly-simplistic models of motivation, such as “integrativeness” (where students are motivated to learn an L2 because the
47、y wish to join a community that speaks this language) and “instrumentalism” (where motivation comes from a desire for financial or some other sort of return). Motivation to learn has now been linked to a second-language identity, which is not conceptualised as static, but dynamic, shifting and open to change. Some research studies have focused on investment in ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) settings in English-speaking countries: how students invest in the target language in order to get certain returns, not
