1、七年级英语下册Unit1情态动词的用法+练习题概念引入1)情态动词表示说话人对所做动作的观点或态度。如:需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。例如:I must go now. 我现在必须得走了。2)情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,但是个别情态动词有时态的变化。例如:can的过去式是could。3)情态动词不能单独作谓语,后接动词原形共同做谓语。例如:I can swim. 我会游泳。4)常见的情态动词有:can, may, must, have to, should, would等。5)情态动词一般不止一个意思,它的否定式是在情态动词的后面加not,一般疑问句是将情态动词提到句首。例如:I cant s
2、peak French. 我不会说法语。Can you speak English?你会说英语吗?用法详解1. can的用法1) 表能力We can do our homework by ourselves.我们可以自己完成作业。He can swim well. 他游泳很好。I can play football but I cant play the piano.我会踢足球但是我不会弹钢琴。2)表许可You can watch TV after supper.晚饭后你可以看电视。You cant play basketball in the street.你不能在街上打篮球。3) 表请求C
3、an you help me with my math?你能帮我学数学吗?Could you lend your book to me?你能把你的书借给我吗?注意:could 是can的过去式,但是这里并不表示过去时,而是表示委婉语气。拓展:can 和be able to的区别(1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多种时态形式。在一般过去时中都表示能够时,两者可以互换。例如:Mary can play the piano. (一般现在时)玛丽会弹钢琴。She could / was able to play the piano when
4、she was five. (一般过去时)她五岁时就会弹琴。She has been able to play it since she was five. (现在完成时)她自从五岁起就会弹琴了。(2)用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was were able to则表示“过去设法做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。 例如:He could swim across the English Channel. But he didnt want to do it that day.他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to g
5、et home before the heavy rain.昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。4) 表示“不可能”情态动词can的否定式,可以用来表示否定的推测,意为“不可能”。例如:That cant be her father, because her father has gone to England.那个人不可能是她爸爸,因为她爸爸已经去英国了。2. may1)表示请求和允许 例如:May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。2)表示推测情态动词may表示推测时,意思是“可能(会),或许(会)”。例如:I
6、t may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢。3)may的过去式may的过去式为might,语气比may弱。表示推测时,可能性低于may。例如:He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿may表示希望、祈求、祝愿时,常可译为“祝,但愿”。 例如:May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福!May you succeed! 祝你成功!3. must1)表必须情态动词mus
7、t在肯定句中后跟动词原形,表示“必须”的含义。例如:You must finish your homework on time.你必须按时完成作业。We must return the books on time.我们必须按时把书归还。2)在否定结构中表“禁止,不许”例如:You mustnt leave here. 不允许你离开这儿。You mustnt shout in the classroom. 禁止在教室喊叫。3)表推测must用于肯定句中的推测,意为“一定是”。例如:He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。The light
8、 is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。4. have tohave to是一个词组,相当于情态动词,表示“不得不,必须”。一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,要将have变成has。一般过去时中,要将have变成had。例如:We have to be quiet in the library.你必须在图书馆保持安静She has to finish her homework before she goes home.她在回家前必须完成作业。拓展:have to 和 must的区别have to表示“必须”时,和must意思相近, 有时可
9、以互换。但是有以下不同:(1)must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要。例如:I know I must study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来。(2)must 和have to的否定式意义区别很大。mustnt表示“不允许和禁止”,但是dont have to 表示“不必要”。例如:You mustnt park your car here. 不允许在这里停车。You do
10、nt have to go now. 你没必要现在走。(3) have to可以用于多种时态,并且有人称和数的变化;而must一般只表示现在或将来,没有人称和数的变化。例如:I /We/ You/They must do something.我(我们/你/你们/他们)必须得做点什么。She has to look after her mother today.她今天必须照看她妈妈。5. 情态动词的问答1) 由can引起的提问,肯定回答用can,否定回答用cant。例如:Can you open the door? 你能打开门吗?Yes, I can. 是的,可以。No, I cant. 不,不
11、可以。2)由may引起的提问,肯定回答用may/can, 否定回答用cant/mustnt。例如:May I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?Yes, you can / may. 是的,可以。No,you cant / mustnt. 不,不行/不允许。3)由must引起的提问,肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt/ dont have to。例如:Must I finish my homework now? 我现在必须完成作业吗?Yes, you must. 是的,必须。No, you neednt / dont have to. 不,不必。现学现用. 选用ca
12、n, may, must, cant, mustnt, could填空。1. There is air around us, but we _ see it.2. You _ play football in the busy street.3. It _ be Mr. Brown. He has gone toAmerica.4. Tom _ come to my birthday party, but Im not sure.5. _ you please give me some water ?6. Must I finish reading the book today? Yes, y
13、ou _.No, you _.7. May I take this magazine out of the reading-room?No, you _.8. I_ swim, so lets go swimming.9. I cant sing, but I _ play the piano.10. _ I go now?No, you neednt. 选择填空。1. My aunt _ French as well as Chinese. A. can speaksB. can speakC. cant speaksD. cant to speak2._ I have your name
14、please? Yes, Michael. MICHAEL. A. MustB. Will C. May D. Need3.Can you play the computer game?Yes, I _. A. mustB. needC. mayD. can4_ call me MiMi! Its my cats name. A. Not B. CantC. DoesntD. Dont5. Can you play volleyball?Sorry, I _.A. cant B. dontC. isnt D. arent6._ can he do?He can _ Chinese Kung f
15、u.A. How; play B. What; doC. Where; see D. What; to do7. Can you play the guitar?No, I _ , but I _ play the violin.A. can; can B. cant; cantC. cant ; can D. can; cant8. Susan is good at English and she _ sing English songs.A. need B. may C. can D. must9. _ you swim?Yes, but Im not a good swimmer.A.
16、Can B. May C. Need D. Must10. _ you help me with my English?My pleasure.A. Must B. May C. Can D. need【真题链接】1. Nathan likes his job because he _enjoy the beauty of nature.A. can B. mustC. should D. is supposed to2.Do you have any plans for this Sunday?Im not sure. I _ go to the countryside to see my
17、grandmother.A. can B. must C. may D. need3. Nowadays, all passengers _ go through safety check before take a train.A. can B. may C. must D. will4.Must I clean the classroom now?No, you _.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt5. The woman _ be our English teacher. She has gone to Canada.A. cant B. neednt C. mus
18、tnt答案与解析. 选用can, may, must, cant, mustnt, neednt, should, could 填空。1. cant 2. mustnt 3. cant4. may 5. Could 6. must; neednt7. mustnt 8. can 9. can 10. Must. 选择填空。1. B。本句考查情态动词can的用法,从本句子的意思理解是用情态动词can和动词speak一起在句子中作谓语,表示“能说法语和汉语一样好”的意思。2. C。本句考查情态动词的用法,从句子的意思理解是用情态动词may表示“允许、许可”的意思,相当于情态动词can。用来征求对方
19、的意见、请求或者许可。3. D。这是含有情态动词can的一般疑问句,用can提问回答仍然用can。4. D。本句是一个祈使句,表示请求、命令的语气。祈使句的否定形式是在原来的句子前面加助动词Dont。5. A。用can提问还要用can回答。6. B。句意:“他能做什么?他会中国功夫。”,因此因该用What提问;can的后面跟动词原形,所以不可以选to do; 故本题选B。7. C。句意:“你会弹吉他吗?不,我不会。但是我会拉小提琴。”;由句意可知,答案是C。8. C。句意:“苏珊擅长英语,并且还会唱英文歌。”;can可以表示有能力做某事,故本题选C。9. A。句意:“你会有用吗?是的,但是游的不好。”;由此可知上文是对能力的提问,故选 can。10. C。句意:“你能帮我学英语吗?很乐意。”; 在征求别人意见时,can 意为“能,能够”,所以本题选C。【真题链接】1A。句意:Nathan喜欢他的工作因为他能享受自然之美。can表示“能,可以”。2. C。在肯定句中,表示不确信的猜测。这里的may意为“可能”。3. C。must表示“必须,务必”。句意:现在,所有乘客在上火车前都必须通过安检。4. C。must 提问,否定回答用neednt,表示“不需要,不必要”。5. A。表示否定意义的猜测,用cant,表示“不可能”。句意:那个妇女不可能是我们的英语老师。她去加拿大了。