1、动名词和现在分词的区别1 做定语时的区别动名词做名词的定语用来说明名词的用途、作用或功能。Eg: She is studying in the reading room. The room is for reading.现在分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系强调动感表示该动作的主动 和进行。单个现在分词做定语时位置在前分词短语做定语时要后置。Eg: a sleeping boyThe boy is sleeping.2 做表语时的区别动名词做表语动名词相当于名词的功能常说明主语的内容可回答 what 的提问。Eg: My hobby is collecting stamps.= Colle
2、cting stamps is my hobby.现在分词做表语说明主语的性质、特征等有“主动、进行、使”或“令人怎样”等 意义。可回答 how 的提问前面可用 very,quite, rather 等副词或形容词的比较级、最高级 修饰。Eg: The news is encouraging.The story is the most interesting one.3动名词在句中可做主语、宾语和复合结构31 动名词做主语泛指经常性的、抽象性的动作也可用 It 做形式主语常见的 句型有it is/was no use/good Not any use/good Of little use/go
3、od A waste of time Learning from others is important.32 动名词做宾语要注意 以下动词只能用动名词来做宾语要牢记下面的口诀考 虑 建 议 盼 原 谅承 认 推 迟 没 得 想 (consider/suggest/advise/look forward to/forgive)(admit/delay/)避 免 错 过 继 续 练否 认 完 成 就 欣 赏 (avoid/miss/continue/) (deny/finish/admire/appreciate)禁止想象才冒险不禁介意准逃(forbid/ imagine/risk/mind/a
4、llow/escape)另外有些动词词组也要用动名词作宾语如 be used to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to,object to, pay attention to, cant stand, give up, feel like, insist on, put off, apologize for 等。 Eg: He admitted taking the key.33 动名词的复合结构 名词所有格/物主代词 + Ving Sbs + Ving这种结构多在句中作主语或宾语。若在句子开头使用必须用物主代词或名词所有 格若做宾语其逻辑主语是
5、无生命的名词时用普通格。Eg: Him/his coming made us very happy.I dont remember my mothers complaining.4 现在分词可在句中作宾补、状语及独立主格结构41 做宾补现在分词作宾语补足语强调宾语与宾语补足语之间的主动关系 分词前的谓语多是感官动词和使役动词。用于 see, watch, notice, observe, feel, hear 等感官动词之后 表示正在进行的动作。Eg: When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.用于 have, get, keep, leave 使役动
6、词之后表示该动作持续一段时间。Eg: Sorry to have kept you waiting a long time.42 作状语现在分词做状语意义相当于状语从句表示时间、原因方式、条件 常位于句首结果或伴随状况常位于句末等。 一般式表两个动作同时发生 完成式表两个动作先后发生。 现在分词做状语 无论主动式还是被动式 其逻辑主语和句子主语应保持一致。Eg: They entered the theatre, talking and laughing. (表伴随)Having won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars. 表
7、原因4 3 现在分词作独立主格“ 独立主格”指没有主语和谓语 它不是句子 而是一个独立 于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子主语不同 它们不指同一 人或同一事物。Eg: Spring having come, it is getting warmer and warmer. Time permitting, well stay longer.【练习】现在分词练习1. Travelling is , but we often feel when we are back from travels.A. interesting; tired B. interested; tir
8、ingC. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired2. When I was passing by I saw them basketball on the playground.A. play B. to play C. playing D. played3. The mothers saw their children well at the nursery.A. taking care of B. to take care ofC. to be taken care of D. taken care of4.Tell the children t
9、here not to make so much noise.A. play B. playing C. to play D. played5. I dont like the photo by your brother last Sunday.A. taking B. to take C. taken D. to be taken6. a deep breath, they dived into the water.A. Taken B. Taking C. To take D. Took7. You had better your hair after school.A. had; cut
10、 B. have; cut C. to have; cut D. to have; to cut8. Deeply , I thanked him again and again.A. touched B. touch C. touching D. to touch9. the windows and the door, the students left the room.A. Being closed B. Closed C. Having closed D. To closed10. What surprised me most was to see some of the villag
11、e people on the benches at the end of the room.A. seating B. seated C. seat D. to be seating11. The film was so that all of us were to tears.A. moved; moving B. moving; movedC. moving; moving D. moved; moved12. from his looks, he is a kind man.A. Judging B. Being judged C. To judge D. Judge13. The b
12、oys body was covered with a national flag, .A. left his face exposed B. to have his face exposingC. leaving his face exposing D. leaving his face exposed14. When I got home, I found the gas but the door remained .A. burned; locking B. burning ; lockingC. burning; locked D. to burn; to lock15. that i
13、t was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest peak.A. having been told B. having told C. told D. telling16. European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make17. When I got back home I was a me
14、ssage pinned to the door Sorry to miss you; I will call later. A. read B. reads C. to read D. readingKey15 ACDBC 610 BBACB 115 BADCA 1617 AD动名词练习1. Catching the first bus will mean at five oclock.A. to get up B/. get up C. getting up D. got up2. Ill never forget Paris for the first time.A. to visit
15、B. visit C. visiting D. visited3. The students are busy for the examination.A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared4. I regret hard at school.A. not to study B. not having studiedC. not study D. having not studied5. Your car needs .A. to oil B. being oiled C. oil D. oiling6. The old
16、man needs .A. look after B. looking afterC. being looked after D. to look after7. The problem is worth .A. discussing B. discuss C. being discussed D. discussed8. Instead of sights, Edison would spend the time in the public library.A. seeing; reading B. see; readC. to see; to read D. seeing; to read
17、9. All the children enjoy at the seaside.A. to play B. play C. to be laying D. playing10. Please remember the lights before the classroom.A. turn off; leave B. to turn off; leavingC. turning off; leave D. turning off; leaving11. He prevented his son from it.A. doing B. to do C. do D. did12. He was p
18、roud of the Nobel Prize.A. he having won B. his son wonC. his sons having won D. his sons winning13. I practise English every day.A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. to be speaking14. Thank you for so much help.A. giving B. give C. being given D. being giving15. I prefer to in a bus.A. walking; ridi
19、ng B. walk; rideC. to walk; to ride D. walking; to ride16. is believing.A. To see B. Seeing C. See D. Having seen17. It is no use spilt milk.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. be crying18. There is what the weather will be like.A. not knowing B. no knowingC. not know D. no known19. We didnt miss the foot
20、ball match last night.A. watching B. to watch C. watch D. watched20. We dont allow in this room.A. to smoke B. smokingC. people smoking D. people to smoking21. - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.- Well, now I regret that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneKey15 CCBBD 610 BAADB 1115 ACCAA1620 BCBAB 21. D
