1、人教版八年级英语下册各单元重点知识及语法汇总第一单元重点短语1have a cold感冒2have a stomachache胃痛3take ones temperature量体温4have a fever发烧5get into trouble陷入麻烦6be used to适应于7run out of用尽；耗尽8cut off切除9get out of离开；从出来10give up doing sth.放弃做某事11mean doing sth.意味着做某事12mean to do sth.计划/打算做某事13by accident偶然地14take risks冒险15have trouble
2、 doing sth.做某事有困难16hurt oneself伤到自己17get sunburned晒伤18have a sore throat喉咙痛19get an Xray拍X光片20in a difficult situation处于困境之中重点句型1You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要远离电脑，休息一下。2I think you should lie down and rest.我认为你应该躺下来休息。3To his surprise，they all agreed to go with him.令他吃惊的是，他们都同意和
3、他一起去。4He expected most or all of the passengers to get off.他期望大多数或所有乘客下车。5With his left arm，he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.他用绷带把左臂绑好，以便不会失血过多。6His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.他是如此热爱登山，以至于在这次经历之后继续攀
4、登。7Whats the matter?怎么了？I have a headache and I cant move my neck.我头痛，脖子动不了。8Thanks to Mr.Wang and the passengers，the doctors saved the man in time.多亏了王师傅和这些乘客，医生及时救了这个人。9As a mountain climber，Aron is used to taking risks.作为一个登山者，Aron习惯于冒险。10In this book，Aron tells of the importance of making good d
5、ecisions and of being in control of ones life.在这本书中，Aron讲述了做出明智决定和掌控自己生命的重要性。重点语法.情态动词should的用法1含义：应该2否定式：should not(常缩略为shouldnt)，表示“不应当；不该”3用法：(1)建议或劝告某人“应该”做某事You should drink some hot tea with honey.你应该喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。(2)有责任或义务“应该”做某事You should help your mother with the housework.你应该帮你的母亲做家务。(3)推测某事或某情
6、况“应该”会发生She should arrive home right now.她现在应该到家了。.反身代词1构成第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2用法句法作用例句备注宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)She is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。位于及物动词或介词后，常见的动词包括：enjoy，teach，hurt，buy，introduce，seat，d
7、ress，express，amuse，behave等。主语或宾语的同位语Did you make the cake yourself？这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗？The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。主要起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人”。表语Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。在be，feel，look，seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态、感觉或情绪等。第二单元重点短语1改变某人的生活change ones life 2对感到兴奋be excited about
8、3做某事有困难have difficulty (in) doing sth.4想象做某事imagine doing sth.5影响；有作用make a difference 6(外貌或行为)像take after7赠送；捐赠give away 8修理；装饰fix up9在午夜at midnight 10高兴的神情the look of joy11令某人满意的是to ones satisfaction 12曾经/过去常常(做某事)used to (do sth.)13打电话给某人；征召call up 14分发give out/hand out 15推迟(做某事)put off (doing st
9、h.)16想出；提出come up with 17自愿做某事volunteer to do sth.18使变得高兴cheer up 19打扫(或清除)干净clean up 20一种强烈的感觉a strong feeling of重点句型1The boy could help to clean up the city parks.男孩可以帮助打扫城市公园。2Im making some plans to work in an old peoples home this summer.我正在制订一些计划，准备今年夏天去养老院工作。3I want to learn more about how to
10、 care for animals.我想更多地了解如何照顾动物。4She decided to try out for an afterschool reading program.她决定参加一个课外阅读项目。5You can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book.在他们的眼睛里你会发现，每读一本新书，他们都在经历一次不同的旅行。6I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.我可以做我喜欢做的事，同时也
11、能帮助别人。7Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time.拿出时间来自愿帮助这些人是我们度过闲暇时光的好办法。8Id like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers.我要感谢您捐钱给“动物助手”组织。9Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.我确信你知道成立这个团体是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人。10You help
12、ed to make it possible for me to have Lucky.你的帮助使我拥有Lucky成为可能。重点语法动词短语动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。在实际使用中，通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。动词短语有以下常见类型：1动词副词(1)作及物动词，如：He brought up his children strictly.注意：在“动词副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。(2)作不及
13、物动词，如：Something unexpected has turned up.出现了令人意外的情况。(3)既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，如：The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。2动词介词动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是在介词后面，如：I dont care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care forlike)3动词副词介词在这类动词短语中，动词、副词、介词紧密结合，是动副词组和动介词组的合成体，词义上相
14、当于一个及物动词。它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点，但宾语总是位于介词之后，如：get on/along with(与相处) catch up with(赶上，跟上)We must work hard to make up for the lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。第三单元重点短语1频繁all the time2两者都不neither of3一就as soon as4向某人借某物borrow sth.from sb.5将某物借给某人lend sth.to sb.6目的是；为了in order to7为某人提供某物provide sth.for sb.8依靠，依赖；取决于
15、depend on9照顾；处理take care of10生病fall ill11浪费时间a waste of time 12既不也不neithernor13叠衣服fold the clothes 14杂乱；不整洁be in a mess15整理床铺make the/ones bed 16洗碗do the dishes 17吃惊地in surprise 18结果as a result重点句型1请你帮忙做些事情好吗？Could you please help out with a few things?2我认为看两个小时电视对你来说足够了！I think two hours of TV is e
16、nough for you!3我一坐到电视机前，我妈妈就走了过来。The minute I sat down in front of the TV，my mom came over.4整整一个星期，她没做任何家务，我也没做。For one week，she did not do any housework and neither did I.5孩子们应该将时间花在学业上，为的是取得好成绩并考上好大学。Kids should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good univers
17、ity.6他们现在没有必要做家务。There is no need for them to do chores now.7对于孩子们来说，学会如何做家务和帮助父母做家务是重要的。It is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.8只在学校取得好成绩是不够的。Its not enough to just get good grades at school.9既然他们和父母住在一座房子里，他们应该知道，每个人都有责任让房子保持干净、整洁。Since they li
18、ve in one house with their parents，they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.10越早让孩子们学会独立，对他们的未来越好。The earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future.重点语法could表示请求和允许一、提出礼貌的请求1句型：Could you？/ Could you please？ 意为“请你行吗”或“麻烦你好吗”。如：Could you
19、 please take out the rubbish？请你倒一下垃圾好吗？Could you open the window？你开一下窗户行吗？2对于这种请求的肯定与否定回答的常用语：(1)肯定回答：Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem./Yes，sure.等。(2)否定回答：No，I cant./No，Im afraid I cant.等。二、表示请求允许1句型：Could I？ 意为“让我好吗”或“我可以吗”。如：Could I go out for dinner with my friends？我可以和朋友们出去吃饭吗？Cou
20、ld we get something to drink after the movie？看完电影我们可以喝点东西吗？2用Could I？表示请求对方准许时，对方回答不能用could，而要用can。如：Could I use your bicycle？我可以用你的自行车吗？Yes，of course you can.是的，当然可以。第四单元重点短语1work out成功地发展；解决2cut out删除；删去3be angry with sb.生某人的气4comparewith比较；对比5get on with和睦相处；关系良好6look through快速地看；浏览7offer to help
21、主动帮忙8refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事9communicate with sb.与某人交流10in future今后；将来11all the time总是；一直12be worried about sth.担心某事；担忧某事13compete with sb.与某人竞争重点句型1I have to study too much so I dont get enough sleep.我要学习许多东西，因此睡眠不足。2I dont want to talk about it on the phone.我不想在电话里谈那件事。3You should explain that you
22、dont mind him watching TV all the time.你应该解释你不介意他总是看电视。4Although shes wrong，its not a big deal.尽管她错了，但这并不是什么大事。5He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry.他应该和他的朋友谈谈，这样他就能表示自己的歉意。6However，the tired children dont get home until after 7：00 pm.然而，疲惫不堪的孩子们直到晚上7点以后才回到家。重点语法状语从句(一)一、until的用
23、法until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。1在含有until引导的时间状语从句中，如果句子(主句)的谓语动词是延续性动词，如：work，live，stay，study，play，wait等，主句常常用肯定式，表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。这时until可译作“直到为止”。如：Ill work until he tells me to stop.我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。2在含有until引导的时间状语从句中，如果句子(主句)的谓语动词是非持续性动词，如：come，go，leave，begin，start，finish等，主句常常要用否定式，表示某一动作到until所表示
24、的时间才发生。notuntil意为“直到才”。如：She didnt go to bed until she finished her homework.她直到做完作业，才去睡觉。3until用作连词引导时间状语从句时，从句表示的动作如果还没有发生，习惯上要用一般现在时而不用一般将来时。如：We wont go home until the rain stops.我们要直到雨停了才回家。二、so that的用法so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句。如：We started early so that we could catch the early bus.我们很早就出发了，以便能赶上
25、早班车。三、although的用法although意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，一般位于句首。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词 but，and，so 等连用，但可以与 yet，still等词连用。如：Although it was expensive，we still decided to buy it.虽然它很贵，我们还是决定买。though也可以用于引导让步状语从句，此时其意义和用法与although相同。如：Though we only stayed there for a few days，we had a good time.虽然我们只在那里待了几天，但我们玩得很愉快。第五单元重点短语
26、1at the time of在的时候2go off(闹钟)发出响声3pick up接电话4make sure确信；确保5fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着6die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失7wake up醒来；叫醒8take down拆除；记录9break sth.apart打散10walk by走过；路过11in silence沉默地；无声地12have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难13tell the truth说实话14point out指出15as well也16make ones way前往；费力前进17right away立刻；马上重点句型1What
27、 were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm?昨天暴风雨来临的时候人们正在做什么？2When you called，I was having a shower.当你打电话时，我正在洗澡。3So while you were sleeping，I called Jenny and she helped me.因此，当你在睡觉的时候，我打电话给詹妮，然后她帮助了我。4After dinner，they tried to play a card game，but it was hard to have fun with a ser
28、ious storm happening outside.晚饭后，他们试图玩纸牌，但由于外面暴风雨很猛烈，所以很难玩得尽兴。5She remembers working in her office near the two towers.她记得在这两座塔附近的办公室工作过。6Not everyone will remember who killed him，but they can remember what they were doing when they heard that he got killed.并非每个人都记得谁杀害了他，但他们能记得当他们听说他遇害时自己正在做什么事。重点语法
29、一、过去进行时1含义：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2构成：肯定形式：主语was/wereVing否定形式：主语was not (wasnt)/were not (werent)Ving疑问形式：Was/Were主语Ving3常用的时间状语：this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten last evening，when，while。如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟在骑自行车时摔了一跤，弄伤了自己。
30、It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时天正在下雨。二、状语从句(二)when和while引导的时间状语从句1when表示“当的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。如：Mary was having dinner when I saw her.我看见玛丽时她正在吃晚饭。2while表示“在的时候”“在期间”“一边一边”。while从句中，必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。如：I was drawing while
31、 my brother was reading.我弟弟在看书时我在画画。第六单元重点短语1work on doing sth.致力于做某事2as soon as 一就.3once upon a time从前4continue to do sth.继续做某事5sothat如此以至于6make sth.happen使某事发生7a little bit有点儿8keep doing sth.坚持做某事9give up放弃10instead of代替；反而11turninto变成12get married结婚13at other times在另外一些时候14come out(书、电影等)出版15the
32、rest of the story故事的其余部分16lead sb.to sp.把某人领到某地17get lost迷路18in the moonlight在月光下重点句型1So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？2It doesn t seem very possible to move a mountain.把一座山给移走好像不太可能。3This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size，turning himself into differe
33、nt animals and objects.这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。4Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。5Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.这些(山)太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。6Don t eat it until you get to the
34、forest.你们到达森林之后才能吃。重点语法状语从句(三)本单元的语法重点仍然是状语从句，主要讲述以下三种状语从句。1unless引导条件状语从句，unless意为”除非，若不”。如：You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.除非你早点动身，否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。特别提示：unless的意思相当于ifnot。2as soon as引导时间状语从句表示“一就”。如：As soon as he heard the news，he jumped with joy.他一听到消息，高兴地跳了起来。3sothat引导
35、结果状语从句。常用句型“主语谓语so形容词/副词that从句”，如：He was so homesick that he could hardly endure the misery of it.他非常想家，简直有点受不了这种痛苦。特别提示：为了强调将so提至句首时，主句的语序需要倒装。如：So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital .他伤得这么重，不得不去医院。【拓展】sothat和suchthat的区别：sothat中的so是副词，后面需接形容词/副词。如：An atom is so small that we can
36、not see it.原子这么小，以至于我们看不到它。suchthat中的such是形容词，后面需接名词或带修饰语的名词，名词如果是单数，则用such a(n)that。如：He was such a selfish man that nobody would help him.他是一个这么自私的人，因此没人愿意帮助他。第七单元重点短语1asas与一样2feel free to do sth.随意地做某事3as far as I know据我所知5in the world在世界上5take in air呼吸空气6in the face of difficulties面临危险7give up d
37、oing sth.放弃做某事8achieve one s dream实现某人的梦想9even though虽然；尽管10at birth在出生的时候11with excitement兴奋地12walk into sb.撞到某人13fall over摔倒14take care of照顾；照料15every two years每两年16cut down砍倒，削减17fewer and fewer越来越少18be in danger处于危险之中19the importance of的重要性重点句型1This makes it the longest wall in the world.这让它成了世界
38、上最长的墙。2The main reason was to protect their part of the country.主要原因是为了保卫他们部分的国土。3As far as I know，there are no other manmake objects as big as this.就我所知，世界上没有比这个大的人造物体。4Of all the mountains，Qomolangma rises the highest.所有的山之中，珠穆朗玛峰耸立得最高。5It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.当
39、你接近山顶的时候，呼吸也非常的困难。6No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.世界上没有比太平洋大的海洋。7This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.这头大象的重量比这只熊猫重许多倍。8Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.成年熊猫每天花12个小时以上吃10千克竹子。9We all hope that in the future there will b
40、e a lot more pandas than now.我们都希望，比起现在未来有更多的熊猫。重点语法形容词和副词的比较等级1比较级的用法(1)单独使用，如：Be more careful next time.下次小心点。I will get up earlier tomorrow.明天我会更早起床。(2)和than连用，表示两者进行比较。如：He is older than me / I他年龄比我大。He runs faster than the other boys in his class.他比他班上其他男孩都跑得快。2 比较级的修饰语，常见的有：no，a little，a bit，m
41、uch，even，still，a lot，any等，其中much，still，even只用于修饰比较级。3比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词，如：My sister is ten years younger than me.我妹妹比我小十岁。4常见比较结构句型句型1：as形容词/副词原级as表示“和一样”。句型2：not as形容词/副词原级as 或 not so形容词/副词原级as表示“前者不如后者”，如：This school is not as beautiful as that one.这所学校没有那所漂亮。表达前者不如后者还可以用： less 原级than，如：This school i
42、s less beautiful than that one.句型3：表示倍数(1)表示“是的几倍时”：倍数as形容词副词原级as，如：This garden is ten times as large as that one.这个花园是那个的十倍大。(2)表示“比多几倍”：倍数 比较级than ，如：His garden is 9 times larger than that one.他的花园比那个大九倍。句型4：比较级than any other单数名词，表示“比其他的任何一个”，如：He is taller than any other boy in his class.他比班上的其他男
43、孩都高。句型5：the 比较级of the two(the twins)表示“两个中较”，如：Amy is the shorter of the two girls.艾米是这两个女孩中较矮的一个。句型6：(单音节形容词/副词)比较级 and 比较级，(多音节形容词/副词)more and more 原级，表示“越来越”。句型7：the比较级主语谓语，the比较级主语谓语，表示“越就越”，如：The harder you study，the better grades you will get.你学习越努力，取得的成绩就会越好。5.形容词的最高级要加定冠词the，副词最高级可省略the。第八单元
44、重点短语1go out to sea出海2grow up长大3putdown放下；记下4at least至少5hurry up赶快；急忙(做某事) 6on the island在岛上7bring back带回8cut down trees砍倒树9on the sand在沙滩上10not long after that不久之后11a piece of land一块陆地12come to realize逐渐意识到13ever since自从14the importance of的重要性15one another彼此；相互16do some research做一些研究17science fictio
45、n科学小说(或影片等)18at the end of the day在一天结束的时候19belong to属于20trust one another相互信任重点句型1Have you read Little Women yet？你读过小妇人吗？Yes，I have./No，I haven t是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有。2Has Tina read Treasure Island yet？蒂娜读过金银岛这本书吗？Yes，she has.She thinks its fantastic.是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。3Would you like something to drink？你要来点喝的吗？4I heard you
