1、 八年级英语下册短语知识点集MODULE1五种简单句歌决英语简单句,五种结构型,缩简句子后,结构自分明,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关与主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人和物,则是间宾加直宾,二宾位置可互换,介词to,for记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完整,宾语加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。1、 主语+不及物动词(SV)不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义才完整。2、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)系动词:be ,look, seem ,become, feel , get ,turn ,grow, smell ,taste , keep, sound 3、主语及物动词宾语(SVO)4、主语
2、+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)直接宾语在前,加for或to连接间接宾语。give, show , send, bring , pass, lend ,leave ,hand , feel, return, promise ,refuse, throw 用to.make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing, pay用for .5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)6、there be 句型。tidy up 收拾, fan扇,fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风,fan the flame煽动情绪, a movie fan , 影迷, un反
3、义前缀,tidy-untidy, happy-unhappy,comfortable-uncomfortable at least至少, 祈使句,肯定以动词原形开头,反问用will you ?/wont you?, 否定用Dont +动词原形,反问用will you ?,Lets 用shall we?take up占据,代词放中间 take away拿走 ,take sth. back,收回某物 take .to 把带到.take off脱 下,起飞 take place发生 ,take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语形/副时可互换a bit of =a l
4、ittle,有点儿,修饰不可数名词 on time按时 , in time及时 , from time to time有时 ,a long time很长时间 , for the first time首次,have a good time ,玩得高兴be/get /become interested in 主语是人,某人对某事产生兴趣指人的不定代词: somebody/someone, everybody /everyone , anybody/anyone, nobody/no one 指物的不定代词,anything, something, everything, nothing play
5、the violin ; ,play +the+乐器, play+球,世上独一无二的加the前面出现过词的再次出现时用themake+宾语+宾语补足语(使.处于某种状态,地位)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事,make sb/sth + 形 使某人/某物 后接动词不定式作宾语,不要to 的有,一感feel,二听hear, listen to,三让have, let, make,四看see, look at ,watch ,notice,半帮助help,make sb. sth=make sth for sb.为某人做某事, make money赚钱,make a living谋 生
6、, make trouble引起麻烦, make friends with sb.与某人交朋友, make war 开战, make a fire生火, make a face做鬼脸,make .from用.制成(用被动) be made of用.制成(用被动) make fun of 取笑,与开玩笑, make room for 为让地方, make up 编造, make up ones mind 决心,拿定主意,现在完成时:表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,对现在造成的影响和结果,或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already, yet ,ever ,never, just ,before,
7、for + some time ,since,at the end of 在尽头,在末尾,(时间,位置) by the end of =not later thanby the end of 到末为止,+过去时间,用于过去完成时by the end of+现在时间,用于现在完成时,in the end =at last =finally,最后end(动词) up with以结束, come to an end 告终,结束 , begin with以开头 , sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上 happen to do sth.碰巧发生某事 take place发生,预料中发生的
8、事, happen是偶然发生的, be famous for因.而出名,(外界客观)be famous as作为.而出名,(本身身份) be good for 对有益 be good at擅长, a collection of.的收藏 ,have/ take an interest in 对某事感兴趣, give an interview,会面,做访谈as a result结果, as a result of 由于,因为,also 也,肯定句中,too也,肯定/疑问句,句末,(逗号),either也,否定,句末,逗号, as well也,肯定,句末, be sure确信,相信, in life
9、一生中, all ones life一生,终身 buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb think about考虑,思考,想起, think of想起 think over思考look after=take care of =care for,照顾 look over, 检查,查看, look for寻找, look up 查找/向上看, be popular with,受的欢迎 when , while, as的用法:when可引用可延续性和非延续性,主从句的动词是非延续性,只用when while引用可延续性,主从句的动词是可延续性,只用whileas常 用于同时发生的be
10、useful to/for 对.有用, be useful in (for )doing sth,有助于useful 反义词useless ,比较级前加more ,最高级前加most ,develop ,名词development ,developing 发展中.developed 发达的,success名词 ,succeed动词, successful形容词 ,successfully副词, failure失败someothers没有范围的“一些另一些”,但不是全体,somethe others某一范围的 “一些.其他”的,表全体,one .another不定数目中的“一个另一个”one .
11、the other两者中的“一个另一个”spend: sb. spend (s) some money on sth. sb. spend(s) some time on sth.sb. spend(s) some money (in) buying sth.sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.pay: sb. pay(s) some money for sth.cost: sth cost sb. some moneytake : It takes sb. some time to do sthIt takes sb .some money to bu
12、y sth .Its +adj.+ for sb. +to do sth .外界原因,Its +adj. +of sb. +to do sth .人的品质,remember/forget to do sth.想起/忘记要做某事,remember/forget doing sth.想起/忘记做过某事。 in the way 以这种方式, long ago很久以前,start ,begin当用于进行时,后用to +V原,主语是物时,后用+to V原,such as 像,例如, for example 句首,句中,用逗号隔开,缩写e.g, as well as连接两相同的内容 , come out
13、出版 ,开放,出现,probably句中,不用于句未,不用于句首, maybe可能性很小,口语, 句首perhaps或许 句首,句中what do you think of =how do you likeshow sb .sth =show sth to sb. try to do sth 努力做某事, try doing sth.尝试做某事try/do ones best (to do sth) 尽某人的最大努力(做某事), try out试验 , try on 试穿 a piece of music一首乐曲,动词后只跟 V-ing 的有:finish ,practice ,mind ,f
14、eel like ,miss ,keep, pardon, excuse ,suggest consider, give up ,cant help, 主语是人need to do sth 需要做某事,, 主语是物need doing需要被做某事,dress sb给某人穿衣 , dress oneself 自己穿衣be/get dressed in=dress in +衣服或颜色 , find out查明,就近原则: not onlybut also ,不仅.而且 eitheror .不是就是,或者.或者neithernor 既不也不,there be 动词以最近的主语为标准 MODULE 2
15、 宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后的从句。引导词展示关:1. 宾语从句是陈述句时,常用that引导,that可以省略;2. 特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,由原来的连接代词、副词引导;3. 一般疑问句改成的,用连词if或whether引导,两者都有是否的意思,通常可以替换。不能省略。语序应用陈述语序:主语在前,谓语动词在后,(带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号,取决于主句的句式,与从句无关。主是陈述句,用句号,主是疑问句,用问号)时态照应:1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,从句不受影响,根据从句自身的情况选用时态。2.主句是过去时,从句也一定用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进
16、行时等)3.从句是客观真理、客观自然现象等,任何时候都用一般现在时。(以Could you tell me .?/ would you tell me .?开头的不能用过去时态。)否定转移:当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等时,主句的主语是又是第一人称,人句表示的否定意义转移到主句,(反问句遵循主是我人用他,主是他就用他。)转换“变脸”关:一些动词:tell, know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接连接(副)词+不定式(连接副词why除外)也就是疑问词+动词不定式(to)举行会议hold a meeting; (不
17、挂断)等一下hold the line ,hold on, if当“是否”讲时引导的是宾语从句,该用将来时就用将来时。E.g I dont care if it will rain.if当“如果”讲时引导的是条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 I will have a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 接近于close to , 停止,关闭close down hear of/about听说;hear from sb,收到某人的来信; hear, see, watch, notich, 后跟V-原,表示发生了,后跟V-ing表示正在发生。I
18、n加一段时间,常用用将来时will,用how soon 提问。be different from与.不同; be excited about对.感到兴奋/激动;为什么不做某事呢,做.怎么样?Why dont you do that?=why not do that?提建议:Lets do sth! Shall we/I do sth? What (how) about doing sth?sometime过去或将来某个时候,用于过去时或将来时;some time一段时间表,some times几次, 几倍, sometimes 有时常用于一般现在时/一般过去时。alone 强调单独的个体,多作
19、表语。 lonely表示感情上的孤独。laugh at sb.嘲笑某人, laugh oneself to death笑得要死;worry about sb/sth.担心某人/某事;be worried about=worry about担心的,忧虑的; as usual照常,像平常一样;than usual较平常. a unusual man一个不寻常的人, pass by过去(人)从旁而过pass on (to)继续前进,传递;touch sb to the heart.触动某人的心弦, be in touch with与.接触;keep in touch with与.保持联系; get
20、in (into) touch with与.取得联系;lose touch with与.失去联系, touch off触发,激起。It doesnt matter.不要紧; the matter麻烦事;no matter how(what, when ,where.)不管怎样(什么,哪里,何时.)How many 多少,用于可数名词数量提问,后跟名词复数;how much多少,用于不可数名词数量或价格提问,how old 多大,对年龄进行提问;how long多长,多久,对一段时间和物体长度进行提问,how tall多高,对有生命事物高度提问,多指人和树;how often多久,对事物的频率进
21、行提问,如对这些提问often, usually, sometimes, never, always, three times a day, twice a week, once a month等how soon 多快,对将来时的时间状语in+一段时间提问how far多远,对距离进行提问。how high 多高,对无生命事物高度提问,多用于山、建筑物等;be afraid of doing sth.担心,害怕发生某种后果; be afraid to do sth be afraid that 从句make friends with sb.和某人交朋友, a piece of advice一条
22、建议a piece of information一条信息; a piece of news一条新闻want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth.想要做某事。not.any more=no more不再,表示次数上或程度上不再,not .any longer=no longer不再,表示时间上不再延续。电话常语:Is that sb.(speaking)? This is sb (speaking) Sb speaking/Speaking. May I speak to sb? Hold on ,please. Can I ta
23、ke a meesage, please?Who is that ?/Who is calling? expect to do sth,预计做某事 so much如此多,on ones way to在某人去.的路上by the way顺便说一下,in ones way 阻挡, in a(one) way某种程度上,在某点上 ones own某人自己的 , on ones own 某人自己/独自=by oneself=aloneno one 一般不与of连用,动词用单数,指人,但不具体指,常用来回答who/anyone/anybody引导的疑问句。none与of连用,动词可用单/复数,具体指什么
24、人或物,用来回答how many +n./how much +n./any +n.引导的疑问句。nothing 指物,不用于人,动词用单数,用来回答anything ,what 引导的疑问句。talk to /with sb.与某人交谈, talk about sth.with sb.与某人谈论某事at the moment;此时此刻 make sb do sth.使某人做某事give/take /follow/ask for a piece of advice.Would you like sth? Yes ,please/No ,thanks.Would you like to do st
25、h.? Yes, Id like/love to. have fun(doing sth)做某事很愉快 call back回电话;call sb. back 给某人回电话, hold the line请稍等,立刻right now ,at once, right away , 刚才just now.take a message for sb, 为某人捎信, leave a message for sb.为某人留口信。whether.or not是否 welcome to .欢迎来.in fact事实上, a couple of 几个,两个。be different from与.不同, be t
26、he same as .与.一样a pair of 一双,一对,是不能分开的,缺一不可, a couple of ,是同一类事物中相关的两个。 Good luck with.祝.顺利。Good luck to sb.表示祝某人幸运; early autumn初秋,late autumn晚秋, junior high school初级中学,far away遥远的,(be) far away from=(be) far from离.远 so far到现在为止,与现在完成时连用; turn back折回,往回走;without a word没有说话; get in touch with和.取得联系;
27、keep in touch with和.保持联系 change ones life 改变某人的生活whats the matter with you?=whats wrong with you?=whats the trouble with you?=Whats the problem with you?believe in sb.信任某人 at first起初;first of all首先,第一; so.that如此.以至于;tooto太而不能 take pride in以自豪in public公开地,当众; at that time=at that moment在那时day by day一
28、天天地turn back转身smile at 对微笑, laugh at sb嘲笑某人play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑tell jokes 讲笑话if 与whether的用法:在ask,know,wonder等动词后引导一个宾语从句时,可以互换。1、引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,只能用whether2、如果其后接动词不定式,则只能用whetherI cant make up my mind whether to go or not .3、用于介词之后时,只能用whether4、与or not 连接时,只用whether而不用if .5、if可引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
29、,6、even if 和as if 中的if不能换成whetherMODULE 3动词不定式与动词的ing形式作宾语1、常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词。一些动词后面常跟不定式作宾语,如want ,agree, decide等。口诀:要想拒绝忘记 want , refuse ,forget需要努力学习 need , try , learn喜欢同意帮助 like, agree, hel希望决定开始 hope ,wish ,decide, begin ,start2、常见的跟动词的ing形式作宾语的动词。 这些词主要有: finish, enjoy, ,practice等。完成 练习 值得忙 finis
30、h, practice, be worth , be busy,继续 习惯 别放弃 keep on ,be used to ,give up 考虑 建议 不禁 想 consider, suggest, cant help, feel like,喜欢 思念 要介意 enjoy, miss, mind3、有的动词既可以跟动词不定式,也可以跟动词的ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大。(1) forget to do sth. /forget doing sth.forget doing 忘了做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记要做某事(2) remember to do sth.记着要做某
31、事 remember doing记着做过某事(3) stop to do sth.停下去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事/不做某事everybody /everyone每个人,动词用第三人称单数,用于否定句中表示部分否定。thank sb.for sth(doing sth) =thanks for/thank you for sth(doing sth)为而向某人表示感谢,后加v-ing; take sb .around=show sb. around带领某人参观, look out (for)当心;小心 ,look at看 , look like 看起来,look
32、for寻找, look after照顾, look up 查找,向上看, look out of向外面看 ,look forward to盼望,期待 , look over检查,Dont mention it不客气 ,Its my pleasure. Thats all right ./Youre welcome. /Not at all.用于回复别人的感谢。 keep (on) doing sth.反复做某事keep (from) doing sth.阻止/防止做某事,同/stop/prevent (from) doing sth.keep away(使)离开,,(使)不接近 keep ba
33、ck阻止,留在后面keepin mind把记在心里 help sb. do sth 帮助某人做某事,help sb. with sth .在某方面帮助某人 cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事help oneself/ help oneself to sth自用或自取某物 report sth .to sb.把某事向某人汇报 would like/want, 想 would like to do sth.=want to sth. would you like =do you want Me ,too.我也是,前句是肯定句。Me, either. 前句是否定句。prepar
34、e for为作准备watch ,see ,look at ,notice ,read 的区别:watch,指仔细观看,看电视、球赛等 see 指看望某人,看电影,看医生等。look at 仅表示看这个动作。 notice 指偶尔看到;注意到;觉察到read指看书;看报。 the end of 的结尾agree with同意某人,同意某人的看法或观点,agree to对表示同意 agree on愿意;答应,认同 each other 两者之间的“彼此,互相”one another 三者或三者以上之间“相互;彼此。”look down向下看 , look down upon藐视,看不起,look
35、up to尊重;尊敬 ,in radio在播音方面,Shouldnt you be at school?是一个否定疑问句,用于表示惊讶情绪,答语和反问回答是一致的,针对事实作答。explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事。When I was about four or five years old =at the age of four or five. 亲自in personask for要 ask sb. for sth向某人要某物learn from.向学习learn about /of听说,了解到learnby oneself=teach oneself自学 close d
36、own 停止(播音),关闭动词变表示人的名词时通常加er,也有部分单词加or构成runrunner playplayer singsinger winwinner reportreporter managemanager act actor visitvisitorcollectcollector inventinventor operate operator conduct conductor售票员/列车乘务员in front of 在.前,在事物外部的前面, in the front of在事物内部的前面 sound like听起来像 introduce sb .to sb.把某人介绍给某
37、人 the lives of 的命运 表示建议的句型有:1、Shall we?我们好吗? 2、Lets .让我们3、What /how about怎么样? 4、Why dont you/we.=Why not?为什么不?5、Would you like.?你愿意.吗?回答时用Id like/love to . sorry ,but .对于建议肯定回答:Good idea./OK/Sure/ All right./Why not?/Great/Yes, Id love to 对于建议否定回答:Im sorry ,Im afraid /Id love to ,but .score a goal 进
38、一球 MODULE 4play back回放, turn on 打开,多指打开电器、水龙头等 ,turn off 关上、lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人borrow sb.sth=borrow sth form sb.向某人借来某物,借一段时间用keep.send sb. sth=send sth. to sb. send away 派出,送出,send up发射 ,send for派人去请,connect .to /with 把和连接save ones life 挽救某人的生命,pick up 捡起,拾起,bite sb. on the hand咬某
39、人的手,a few days earlier几天前 a few days later 几天以后climb out of 从.爬出来,take a photo of 给拍照怎么啦?:1.What is wrong with sb./sth. 2.Whats the matter with sb./sth? 3.Whats the trouble with sb./sth? wait for等待 cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地去做某事 a text message一条短信息 look on sb. as把某人看作. get /be ready to do sth准备好做某事,乐
40、意做某事 get /be ready for sth=prepare for为准备好 receive a postcard 收到一张明信片,on the front of 在前面,在正面, on the back,在背面,在后面what kind of什么种类,哪种, a kind of 一种, all kinds of 各类各样的 kind of有点儿,相当于a little, a bit ,take a photo=take photos,拍照 look up仰视,查找(字典) ,look sb. up and down,上下打量看某人 look up to 尊敬,仰视, look aft
41、er照顾 , look down on(upon)看不起,瞧不起, look forward to doing sth盼着做某事 , look through,浏览 send a message home,给家里发信息 send sb sth=send sth to sb.,play back回放 , turn on 开, turn off 关, turn down关小 ,turn up 开大,come on赶快 , come from, 来自 come back回来, come along ,跟着来 come over,顺便来访 come down落下,降落hurt oneself伤害某人自
42、己 save ones life挽救某人的生命bite sb .on the hand 咬了某人的手 across强调从一定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体表面上沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作。through表示从某一范围的一端到另一端,但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的,往往掼穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。over用作“穿过,通过”时,表示到达高的障碍物的另一侧.pick up ,捡起 a few一些,几个,用于名词复数形式肯定,few很少,几乎没有,用于名词复数形式否定 a little 有一点,用于不可数名词 表肯定,little很少,几乎没有 表否定 on business ,出差借入borrow
43、 ,借出lend,借一段时间keepwith和一起,具有带有;携带;与同时,随着;由于,因为;表示行为方式;就来说,关于。 What is the price of sth?=How much is/are sth.某物多少钱?be surprised to do sth做某事而感到惊奇,a few days earlier几天前,show .to .把给看, suggest to sb向某人提建议, Irish爱尔兰的,Ireland爱尔兰,Irishman 爱尔兰男人, Irishwoman爱尔兰女人 wait for sb./sth等待某人/某物 hide sth from sb把某事瞒
44、着某人. take medicines服药, be surprised at sth.对感到惊奇 be surprised that+从句in surprise 惊奇地,to ones surprise令某人吃惊的是 leave for sb动身去某地 leave sp 离开某地MODULE5if 引出的条件状语从句的时态1.主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来;2.当主句用祈使句或情态动词时,从句通常用一般现在时。3.如果主句中的动词是want,hope等 词,则用一般现在时。4. if引导的条件状语从句与祈使句的转换主语为you的条件状语从句可与“祈使句+and/or+一般讲来时简单句”句式互换。If you work harder, youll pass the exam. -Work harder ,and youll pass the exam.If you dont hurry up ,you ll miss the train.Hurry up ,or youll miss the train.be able to能,会,(有人称、数和时态的变化) all