1、LOGO12一、存在句一、存在句:v结构特征：There+be+NP+Locative Expression(+Temporal Expression)v即：There be+真实主语+地点状语(+时间状语)vthere只起引导作用，并无实际意义，句子的真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。3There be句型的主谓一致句型的主谓一致vbe 动词在数上必须与主语保持一致，在有多个主语的情况下采取就近原则，即与靠近be的主语保持一致。There _ many books on the shelf.There _a pen and two rulers in the box.There _ two
2、boys and a teacher at the school gate.How many people _ there in the city?isareareare4There be句型的时态句型的时态vThere be 句型中，be动词有各种时态的变化：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 5There be与情态动词连用与情态动词连用 vThere be句型中的谓语动词be可与各种情态动词连用，表示“一定有”、“可
3、能有”、“应该有”等含义。1.一定是出了点问题。There must be something wrong2.不应该有这么多的人。There ought not to be so many people.3.可能还有点希望。There might be some hope.6There be与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用 v能用于there be句型中的这类词语主要有v这些短语 中的动词形式仍然与后面的主语保持一致，并有时态的变化(used to除外）。happen to（碰巧）appear toseem to（似乎）be going to（将会）used to（
4、曾经）have to（必须）be likely to（很可能）There+be7Practice:在那个俱乐部碰巧有我的一个老朋友。战前这里曾有一个电影院。今晚有舞会吗？好像没有太大希望。可能会有很多人。There happened to be an old friend of mine in the clubThere used to be a cinema here before the warIs there going to be a dancing party tonight？There doesnt seem to be much hope.There are likely to
5、be many people.8v在there be 句型中，主语后的动词形式只能是非谓语形式doing,done,或者to do。There is a purse lying on the ground.There are five minutes left now.v主语后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。There is a lot of work to do.There is no time to lose.v切记：主语之后不能再出现其它谓语动词！There is someone outside waits to see you.There is someone outside wa
6、iting to see you.（）()9there be与与have的比较的比较vthere be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。vThere are some children in the garden.vShe has three cars.(汽车是属于她的)v若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：vA week has seven days.v=There are seven days in a week.10 There be的非谓语形式及用法的非谓语形式及用法 vThere be 的非谓语
7、形式有两种，即there to be 和there being。1.作介词宾语,介词为for用to be,其余介词用being.The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.John was relying on there being another opportunity.112.作动词宾语时常用to be，常见动词有：expect,mean,intend,want,prefer等。Members like there to be plenty of choice.People dont want there to be
8、another war.3.作主语和状语时用being.There being a bus stop so near to the house is a great advantage.There being nothing else to do,we went home.12专四真题：专四真题：1.There _ nothing more for discussion,the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(2000)A.to be B.to have been C.being D.be2.Whats the chance of _
9、a general election this year?（2005）A.there being B.there to be C.there be D.there going to be133.It is not uncommon for there _ problems of communication between the old and the young.（2007）A.being B.would be C.be D.to be14Exercise:fill each gap with there to be or there beingv1.theres now some hope
10、 of _ a settlement of the dispute.v2.They asked for _ another meeting.v3.John asked about _ another meeting.v4.John intended _ a meeting afterwards.v5.Its essential for _ more houses built next year.v6._ no further business,the Chairman closed the meeting.v7.People hate _queues everywhere.there bein
11、gthere beingThere beingthere beingthere to bethere to bethere to be15There be结构的常用句型结构的常用句型vThere is no sense in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的 vThere is no difficulty in doing sth.做某事没有困难vThere is no use doing sth.做某事没有用vThere is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事There is no sense in arguing with him.There was no diff
12、iculty in carrying out the plan.There was no need to give him so much money.16there 与其它动词连用与其它动词连用v在在there be句型中的句型中的be还可以换成其他动词，一般还可以换成其他动词，一般为不及物动词，如为不及物动词，如:live,stand,exist,remain,lie表示状态表示状态 come,go,appear,enter,follow,occur描写描写某事的发生或某人的到达。某事的发生或某人的到达。vOnce upon a time,there lived a rich man.vT
13、here comes the bus!vThere followed a terrible noise.vSuddenly there entered a strange man.vAt the top of the hill there stands an old temple.17Exercise:translate the following sentences1.Is there anything I can do for you?2.Do you know there is an important article in todays newspaper?3.There are a
14、lot of people boating in the park near our institute.4.There used to be plenty of water in this river.5.There happened to be nobody nearby at that time.6.There must be many people who are interested in this plan.18二、强调句二、强调句It is/was+被强调部分+连接词强调主语:强调宾语:强调状语:that人:who/that物:that人:whom/that物:that结构：19
15、Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week.It was Nancy who saw your sister in Tokyo last week.It was your sister whom Nancy saw in Tokyo last week.It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week.It was last week that Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo.20否定句的强调结构否定句的强调结构vHe doesnt study French.It is
16、not he that/who studies French.It is not French that he studies.vI didnt do all this for myself.vIt wasnt for myself that I did all this.21not.until的强调句型 vIt is(was)not untilthat vHe didnt come until his wife left.It was not until his wife left that he came.vThey didnt start until the rain stopped.I
17、t was not until the rain stopped that they started.22将下面的句子变为强调句。将下面的句子变为强调句。vThe sports meet will not be held until next week.vThe students did not stop talking until the teacher came in.vKey:vIt is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.vIt was not until the teacher came in that the
18、 students stopped talking.23强调句的疑问形式 vIt was Jim that told us the news.Was it Jim that told us the news?(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)Who was it that told us the news?(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)vIt was yesterday that he arrived.Was it yesterday that he arrived?When was it that he arrived?24v“How was _ they discovered the entran
19、ce to the underground palace?”“Totally by chance.”A.it that B.he thatC.it when D.he whichIt was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.25What is it _ his daughter needs most?A.what B.whichC.that D.ifvIt is love that his daughter needs most.26强调结构与类似句型的区别强调结构与类似
20、句型的区别v判断是否是强调结构的方法是：去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分(经调整后)是否依然是个完整的句子，若是，就是强调结构，否则就不是。v It is a pity that you could not come.去掉It is和that后，句子不成立，是形式主语句型v It was at ten that he got home.v 去掉it was和that后，原句可调整为He got home at ten.句子完整正确，故这是强调结构271.Was it during the Second World War _ he died?A.that B.while C.in
21、which D.then 2.It was _ he said _ disappointed me.A.what;that B.that;that C.what;what D.that;what 28v3.It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.that B.until C.before D.when 4._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that B.It;
22、that C.There;whether D.It;whether 29Practice:Emphasize the italicized part.Practice:Emphasize the italicized part.1.We have been talking about you.2.Lao Zhang ought to be responsible for what has happened.3.She consented to their request only out of courtesy.4.The Wuhan Bridge was completed in 1957,
23、not in 1958.5.He chose the course because of his strong interest in literature.6.When she was about to go to bed,the telephone rang.It is you that/whom we have been talking about.It is Lao Zhang who ought to be responsible for.It was only out of courtesy that she consented to It was in 1957,not in 1
24、958 that the Wuhan Bridge was completed.It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.It was because of his strong interest in literature that he chose the course.30Translate:Translate:1.我是在家人和朋友们的支持下取得这项成就的.(with the support of)2.这个历史性的(historic)会议是在北京开的.3.是小杨提出这个建议的.4.该受批评的是你,不是小李
25、.5.我们坚决反对的正是这种思想.(oppose)6.他们这样做不是为了个人利益(personal interest).It is with the support of my family and friends that I have made this achievement.It was in Beijing that this historic meeting was held.It was Xiaoyang who made this suggestion.It is you,not Xiaoli that should be blamed.It is this kind of thought that we strongly oppose.It was not for personal interest that they did that in this way.
