1、英语句子概论?基本成分?附属成分?独立成分?省略成分?连接成分?简单句?并列句?复合句1?主语 不及物动词（S+Vi）?主语 及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O)?主语 系动词 表(S+LV+predicative)?主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)?主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语?(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)?There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为 基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含 2个基本成分，至多 4个基本成分。2nounadj./adv.i
2、nfinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.3主语不及物动词She came/My head aches
3、.主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English.主语 系动词 主语补语She is happy主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There+beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例4附属成分附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：?定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句?状语：即用
4、来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。定语PoorJohn tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over thereis my brother.People there like sports.5John oftencame to chat with meJohn l
5、ikes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语6Examples:Oh！What is that！
6、（惊叹词）He has，alas，failed againCome here，John（呼语）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分7（You）Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as,if (he does)not(run)faster,than you.(I)Hope you like it.John should clean the
7、 room today and Peter(should clean it)tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：一定的意思：省略成分8连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。连接成分9简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的
8、一种。?作一种陈述?提出一个问题?发出一种命令或请求?表示一种感叹Examples:The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!10简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式 地点 时间Iboughta hat yesterday.Th
9、e childrenran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.11简单句的扩展成份简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。The dog jumped through the window.He
10、is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little boy with rosy cheeksput three bottles ofmilk quietlyon my doorstepbefore seven oclock.He worked like a madmanin the gardenon Saturday.The younggirl with long black hairseems to be very happy.12两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onl
11、ybut also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris.His secretary is flying to Paris.The boss andhis secretaryare flying to Paris.Boththe boss andhis secretaryare flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome.His secretary is not flyingto Rome.The boss but not his secretaryis flying to Ro
12、me.The boss may be flyingto Berlin.His secretary may be flyingto Berlin.Either the boss orhis secretaryis flying to Berlin.The boss is not flyingto York.His secretary isnt flying to York.Neither the boss norhis secretaryis flying to York.主语、谓语、宾语的合并13两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。I met Jane.I me
13、t her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met bothJaneandher husband.It was cold.It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane.I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meeteither Janeorher husband.I met neither Jane norher husband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。We sang all night.We danced all night.We sang and d
14、ancedall night.主语、谓语、宾语的合并14并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.15并列句常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions?平行并列连词:
15、?转折并列连词：?因果并列连词:?选择并列连词:and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and thenbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,eitheror,neither nor16并列句并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。主语谓语宾语连词主语 动词表语Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.五种简单句型可用 并列连词连接起来组成并列句。主谓状（方式）连主谓表Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.主谓宾连主谓地点I ve
16、 got a cold,so I m going to bed.主谓宾宾补连主谓宾They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.17Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,sohe went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.3.He made a promise
17、.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,butHe didnt keep it.The child hid behind his mothers skirt,forhe was afraid of the dog.18由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由 从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句复合句19复合句是在
18、简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.定语从句5.状语从句6.同位语从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句2.状语从句3.定语从句20复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句He told me the news.thatthe match hadbeen cancelled.宾语how much he was preparedto pay for my car.thatI could
19、have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and thatI couldhave the money without delay.whenhe was leaving for Paris.thathis fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句21复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has
20、 finished his work.宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.thathe is leaving for Washington.whenhe is leaving for Washington.whyhe is leaving for Washington.howhe is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.22复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句the peoplesurprised That What he saidwhathe did主语Thathe
21、 didnt know the answerin the room.定语whowere sitting in the room.whowere present.whosesons were at war.whohad signed the contract.23复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Thatis the fact.表语what he needs.what he gave me.whyhe was late.becausehe was ill.what has happened.24复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句He workedthree years
22、 ago.地点状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhenhe lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.25复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of
23、trees.wherever you like.26指出下列各从句的类型?I believe that everything is going on well.?She was reading a novel when I came in.?She is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Practice27用所给连词连接句子。He has found out.She was late.(why)He has found out whyshe was late.I still remember the day.I first wen
24、t to York on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first went to York.将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。PracticeHe didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因)He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.28Ill give the letter to him.I see him.（时间）It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.（结果）Well go to the great wa
25、ll.Its fine tomorrow.(条件)We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.29
