1、变化规则 大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的 等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 (1)单音节词加词尾-er，-est 来构成比较级和最高级。 tall(高的) taller tallest great(巨大的) greater greatest (2)以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st nice(好的) nicer nicest large(大的) larger largest able（有能力的) abler ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er
2、，-est big(大的) bigger biggest hot 热的) hotter hottest red 红色的 redder reddest (4)“以辅音字母+y“结尾的双音节词，改 y 为 i，再加-er，-est easy(容易的) easier easiest busy(忙的) busier busiest (5)以 ly 结尾的副词，除 early-earlier-earliest，其他都是加 more most. Slowly-more slowly-most slowly Bravely-more bravely-most bravely quickly-more qui
3、ckly-most quickly (6)少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-est clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest (7)其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加 more，most 来构成比较级和最高级。如： important(重要的) more important most important easily(容易地) more easily most easily (8)一些词的比较级和最高级，可以加-er 或 -est，也可以加 more 或 most，如：clever, polite 等
4、。 (9) 不规则变化 有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。如： good / wellbetterbest bad / ill/badlyworseworst many / muchmoremost littlelessleast farfartherfarthest(表示距离) / farfurtherfurthest (表示程度) oldolder / elderoldest (表示新旧或年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系) 副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一样，所不同的是： 形容词最高级前面必须用 the，而副词的最高
5、级前面的 the 可带可不带。 一些词本身没有比较级和最高级形式， 如： right, wrong, full, empty, round, complete, wooden, dead, daily 等。 long-longer-longest young-younger-youngest old-older/elder-oldest/eldest short-shorter-shortest high-higher-highest deep-deeper-deepest small-smaller-smallest big-bigger-biggest tall-taller-talles
6、t loud-louder-loudest low-lower-lowest thin-thinner-thinnest fat-fatter-fattest great-greater-greatest nice-nicer-nicest happy-happier-happiest heavy-heavier-heaviest cheap-cheaper-cheapest near-nearer-nearest clean-cleaner-cleanest few-fewer-fewest late-later-latest angry-angrier-angriest busy-busi
7、er-busiest lazy-lazier-laziest hot-hotter-hottest glad-gladder-gladdest clear-clearer-clearest strong-stronger-strongest lucky-luckier-luckiest interesting-moreinteresting-most interesting difficult-more difficult-most difficult expensive-more expensive-most expensive 2 形容词比较级的用法 1. 两者比较时用形容词比较级，其结构
8、为“. 比较级 + than .”。如：Actions speak louder than words. 2. 在两者之间选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, . or .?”。如： Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one? 3. 表示“两者之间最的一个”时，用“the + 比较级”。如：Lucy is the taller of the twins. 4. 表示“越，越”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”。如：The more you eat, the fatter you
9、will become. 5. 表示 “越来越” 时， 用 “比较级 + and + 比较级” ， 多音节词和部分双音节词用 “more and more + 形容词原级”。如：We should make our country more and more beautiful. 6. 形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰：much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather 等。如：Its much colder today than yesterday. 3 形容词最高级的用法 1. 三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词
10、最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加 定冠词 the，句末常接 in / of 短语来表示范围。如：He is the strongest of all the boys. 2. 表示“最之一”时，用“one of + the + 最高级”。如：The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions. 3. 形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词 the。 如：Yesterday is her happiest day in her life 4 修饰语 1. 比较级的修饰语 Much(得多)， far(得多)，
11、 even(甚至， 更)， still(更)， a bit(有点)， a little(有点)， a lot(很)， a great deal(大大地), twice(两倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修饰比 较级表示程度，但决不可用 very 修饰。 eg. Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom 比 Mike 稍高一点; It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷 2.最高级的修饰语 By far/ far and away 最，很
12、much 得多 almost 几乎 nearly 几乎 另外，second， third， next 等也要放在定冠词之后。如： The Yellow River is the second longest in China. 黄河是中国的第二大河。 This is the third largest building in this city. 这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 This is (by) far the best book that Ive eve
13、r read. 这是我读过的最好的书。 5 练习 1.(2015 河南)-What a clear blue sky it is! -Yes. I have never seen _ sky. A.a more bueutiful B.a most beautiful C.the more beautiful D.the most beautiful 2.(2015 重庆)He has _ arms now and is able to pick the table up with one hand. A.weakest B.weaker C.strangest D.stranger 3.(2
14、015 江西)-The scarves are all beautiful. I cant decide which one to choose. -Oh, look at this red one. I think its _ . A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.the most beautiful D.less beautiful 4.(2015 广东广州)Emma looked after her pet dog _ of all her friends. A.careful B.most careful C.more carefully D.the most carefully 5.(2015 上海)Alex did the project on community service _ better than his classmates. A.so B.very C.too D.much keys: A D C D D
