1、模块六语法虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：（1）陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!（2）祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。（3）虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were you, I should study En
2、glish. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就用真实条件句。句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则用虚拟条件句。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问
3、你这件事的。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，通常主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式如下:从句动词形式主 句 动 词 形 式与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，shou
4、ld常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt (couldnt) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：If it were Sunday tomorrow, I w
5、ould go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。 5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式（1）省略连词if。
6、在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come , tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打电话。Were I you, I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如：Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadnt bee
7、n for your help) I couldnt have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。 I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。（1）省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your
8、clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。（2）省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If (Only if)my grandmother were with me! 如果我祖母与我在一起多好啊!三、虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that (should) doIt is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：wish,
9、suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire that (should) do 如：I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复。3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office.
10、 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：Its (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。巩固练习：新课
11、标第一网1. We demanded that we _ of any change in the plan.A. informed B. would be informedC. be informed D. had been informed2. Its necessary that he _ a recognized qualification.A. hasB. haveC. hadD. having3. Its high time we _ our attention to this problem.A. turnedB. turnC. had turnedD. would turn4.
12、 If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.A. didnt told B. hadnt told C. would not tell D. would have not told5. He must have had an accident, or he_ here then.A. would have beenB. had been C. should have been D. could be6. Much labour would have been saved if the electron
13、ic computers_ before.A. had inventedB. were invented C. should have been inventedD. had been invented7. _ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.A. Were they toB. Could theyC. If theyD. Would they8. Five minutes earlier, and we _ the last bus.A. had caught B. should have caughtC. c
14、ould have caught D. caught9. You _ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.A. shouldnt have washedB. mustnt have washedC. can not have washedD. neednt have washed10. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her
15、 friends very often.A. has to getB. were to getC. had gotD. could have got11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself.A. injureB. had injured C. injuredD. would injure12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.A. were not playedB
16、. not to play C. not be playedD. did not play13. You dont have to be in a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone14. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project.A. be collectedB. must be collected C. was collected D. can be collected15. If o
17、nly the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A. approveB. will approveC. can approveD. would approve16. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. will be assignedC. be assigned D. has been assigned17. You _ her in
18、her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks.A. neednt have seen B. must have seenC. might have seen D. cant have seen18. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him.A. would have telephonedB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned19. It is recommended that
19、 the project _ until all the preparations have been made.A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started20. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept21. I _ her to the party but
20、 I didnt know her well.A. ought have invitedB. would have invited C. should inviteD. may have invited22. You _ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.A. neednt go B. should not go C. had better not go D. neednt have gone23. - Would you have called her up had it been possible? -
21、 Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be24. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent25. It is important that we _.A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window befo
22、re we leaveC. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave26. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened27. -Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? -I agree, but the problem is
23、_he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what28. If I _plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to29. If he _ in a day or two, I
24、 would wait for him.A. returnsB. should have returned C. were to return D. had returned30. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt getC. were driving, wouldnt get D. had driven, wouldnt have got 31. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she
25、 _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 32. _ for the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year.A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt liveC. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live33. What would have happened, _, a
26、s far as the riverbank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 34. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the museum.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 35 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if
27、I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall36. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had37. When a pencil is partly in a glass of wat
28、er, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken38. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has39. The bus driver insisted that he _ at normal speed and therefore _ for the childs death.A. drive, not answer B. was driving, shouldnt answerC. should drive, shouldnt have answered D. drove, shouldnt answerAnswers:1-5: CBABC 6-10: DACDB 11-15: ACCAD 16-20: CDACA 21-25: BDACD26-30 DBBCC 31-35 DCCBB 36-39 BCBD
