1、江苏专版译林七下 U6知识点总结1. I want to go riding. 我想去骑马。解析:go riding为动词短语,意为“去骑马”,为“go + v.ing”结构,常指一些户外活动。Riding,名词,意为“骑马”,相当于horse riding。如: At Christmas you can go riding to enjoy the view.在圣诞节你可以骑马欣赏风景。 Riding is her favourite sport.骑马是她最喜欢的体育运动。拓展:ride,动词,意为“骑(马、自行车等)”。固定短语:ride a horse骑马; ride a bicycle
2、骑自行车。如: Can you ride a horse?你会骑马吗?2. Hurry up,Eddie. 快点,埃迪解析:hurry,动词,意为“急忙,匆忙”。hurry up意为“快点,赶快”,常用于祈使句,不能用于否定句中。常用短语:hurry to someplace 急忙赶往某地;hurry (up) to do sth 急忙做某事。如: Hurry up, or youll be late for class.快点,否则你上课要迟到了。 She hurried to the airport.她急忙去机场。 They hurried to see if everything was
3、OK.他们急忙去看一切是否正常。拓展: hurry 还可作名词,意为“匆忙;仓促;急忙”,固定短语in a hurry意为“匆忙地”。如: He was in a hurry to leave.他匆忙地要离开。 hurry off/away意为“匆匆离开”。如: Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.赵老师匆匆离开去照看那个男人。3. Outdoor fun 户外乐趣解析:outdoor,形容词,意为“户外的,在句中只能作定语。如: Outdoor sunlight is very good for our heath.户外的阳光对我们的健康有
4、很大好处。拓展:含outdoor的短语outdoor activities 户外活动outdoor life 野外生活outdoor exercise 户外锻炼outdoor theatre 露天剧场4. You complain too much. 你真会抱怨。解析:complain,动词,意为“抱怨”。如: You have no reason to complain.你没有理由抱怨。拓展:含complain的短语complain about/of sth. 抱怨某事complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事complain to sb. about/ of sth.
5、向某人抱怨某事如: She often complains about the price of food.她经常抱怨食品的价格。 I have to complain to the manager about it.我不得不向经理抱怨它。5. cycling 骑自行车运动解析:cycling,名词,意为“骑自行车运动”,动词形式为cycle(骑自行车)。如: Beijing is a good place for cycling.北京是一个骑自行车运动的好地方。 They cycled 10 kilometres around the lake.他们围着湖骑行了10千米。拓展:英语中有许多动
6、词的ing形式也可表示其相应的名词:shop v. 购物 shopping n. 购物camp v. 野营 camping n. 野营read v. 阅读 reading n. 阅读skate v. 溜冰 skating n. 溜冰6. She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.她抬起头看到一只穿着外套的白色兔子经过。(1) 解析:look up在这里意为“抬头看;往上看”。look up还有“查阅”之意。如: My brother looked up from his book as I walked into his
7、 room.当我走进我弟弟的房间时,他从书里抬起头看了看。 The students went to the library to look up the information.学生们去图书馆查信息了。(2) 解析:pass,动词,意为“经过”,后接名词或代词作宾语;当没有宾语时常用pass by表示“经过”。如: I passed the shop on my way to the library.我在去图书馆的路上经过了那家商店。拓展: pass 作动词,还可表示“通过;度过”。如: In the end, I passed the English exam.最后,我通过了英语考试。 p
8、ass作动词,还可表示“传、递”。pass sb. sth = pass sth. to sb.,意为“把某物递给某人”。如: Pass me some bread, please.请递给我些面包。(3) 解析:by,副词,意为“经过”,常与动词go, walk,run等连用。如: I saw Tom walking by, carrying two books.我看到汤姆拿着两本书走过去了。拓展:by还可作介词,意为“靠近;在.旁边;通过;被;经由”。如: The house by the lake is a restaurant.湖边的那座房子是家饭店。 Do you often go t
9、o school by bike?你经常骑自行车去上学吗? Please learn the new words by heart.请用心学习这些生词。7. Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too.爱丽丝不想让兔子逃脱,因此她也跳到洞里。解析:get away意为“逃脱”。如: The robbers rushed into the car and got away quickly.抢劫犯冲进小汽车,迅速逃脱了。拓展:get away还可表示“离开”。如: I hope to
10、get away early in the morning.我希望一早就离开。联想:run away意为“逃离,跑开”。8. It took a watch out of its pocket and looked at the time.它从口袋里拿出一块手表看了看时间。解析:take out是固定短语,意为“取出;拔出;除掉”。其中out是副词,名词作宾语放在out前后都可以;但若是代词作宾语,须放在take 与out之间。若表示“从.取出某物”用介词of。如: He opened his schoolbag and took out a notebook/took a notebook
11、out.他打开他的书包,取出了一本笔记本。 Your pen is in the box. Please take it out.你的钢笔在盒子里。请把它取出来。拓展:take out还可表示“把.带出去”。如: My father will take me out to go for a drive.我父亲要带我出去兜风。9. Alice fell for a long time,and then she hit the ground.爱丽丝向下掉了很长时间,然后才落地。(1) 解析:fall动词,意为“落下,掉落;倒”。如: Babies often fall when they are
12、learning to walk.婴儿学走路时常会跌倒。拓展:含fall的短语fall down 掉下,摔下fall off 掉下,跌落fall behind 落后,跟不上fall over 跌翻, 摔倒fall into 掉进.里fall asleep 睡着,入睡如: Please climb down the tree, or you will fall down.请从树上爬下来,不然你会摔下来的。(2) 解析:hit,动词,意为“到达;击中,撞”,后面直接跟人或物作宾语。如: Look out! Dont hit the tree.当心!不要撞在树上。拓展:hit作动词,还可表示“袭击.
13、遭受”。如: A typhoon hit Fujian last month.上个月,一场台风袭击了福建。10. She found herself alone in a long, low hall.她发现自己一个人在一个长而低的厅里。(1) 解析:find oneself意为“发现自己(处于某种意外的状态)”,后接形容词或地点状语。如: I found myself excited when I watched the football match.当我看足球赛的时候,我发现自己很兴奋。 She found herself in a strange place.她发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
14、联想:固定结构“find +宾语 +形容词” ,意为“发现某人/某物处于某种(意外的)状态。find作动词,还可表示“认为,觉得”。如: I find English very important.我认为英语很重要。拓展:类似的结构:keep/ make/ think/. +宾语+形容词。如: We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净。 His words made us happy.他的话使我们高兴。(2) 解析:low,形容词,意为“低的,矮的”,一般指有形物体的高度、温度、价格声音等方面的“低”,作定语或表语。反义词为high(高的)。如:
15、The temperature is high/ low these days.这些天温度高/低。11. There were doors all around, but they were all locked.周围都是门,但它们都是锁着的。解析:locked,形容词,意为“锁上的,动词形式为lock(锁上;锁好),过去式为locked。 如: The building was locked, and all of us felt safe.大楼被锁上了,我们所有人都感到安全了。 Are you sure you locked the front door?你确定你锁了前门吗?拓展:在词尾加
16、-ed构成其形容词的动词:interest使感兴趣 interested 感兴趣的frighten使害怕 frightened害怕的12. Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into it.这时爱丽丝注意到一扇小门并把钥匙插进去。解析:notice,动词,意为“注意,察觉”,后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语。如: He was so busy that he didnt notice me.他太忙了,以至于没有注意到我。辨析:notice sb. do sth.与notice sb. doing sth.notice sb. do sth
17、.意为“注意到某人做某事”,强调注意到动作的全过程或动作经常发生notice sb. doing sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事”,强调注意到动作正在进行如: He noticed a bird singing in the tree.他注意到一只鸟正在树上唱歌。 I noticed him enter the office.我注意到他进了办公室。13. Alice tried to go through the door;she was too big.爱丽丝想通过那扇门,可是她个子太大了。解析:through,介词,意为“穿过,通过”,强调从某个立体空间内穿越,如穿过隧道、窗户、门、森
18、林等。如: The dog cant walk through the hole.这只狗不能从这个洞穿过。辨析:through, across, over与past词条含义用法through介词, 意为“穿过,通过”强调从某个立体空间内穿过across介词 ,意为“穿过”强调从某个平面的一边到另一边over介词,意为“越过,跨越”强调从某物的正上方跨越past介词,意为“经过,超过”强调从某物/某人的旁边经过如: You can see through the glass.你可以透过这块玻璃看。 Walk across the bridge, and youll see a big tree走
19、过那座桥,你会看见一棵大树。 Tom likes jumping over the chair.汤姆喜欢从椅子上跳过去。 He is walking past the post office,他正从邮局旁边走过。14. We put up our tent near a lake.我们在湖边搭了我们的帐篷。解析:put up为动词短语,意为“搭,竖立”。宾语是名词时,可放在put与up中间或后面,但宾语是代词时,一定要放在中间。如: “Put up your hands! the guards shouted at him.“举起手来!”卫兵们冲他喊。拓展:put up还可表示“张贴”。如:
20、Please put up these posters on the wall quickly.请快点把这些海报张贴到墙上。15. found a new way to make paper发现一种新的造纸方法解析:make paper为动词短语,意为“造纸”,是“动词+名词”结构;make,动词,意为“做,制作”,指用材料来制作某物或制造一种从前不存在的东西。如: Cai Lun was good at making paper. 蔡伦擅长造纸。拓展:含make的短语make clothes 做衣服make dumplings 包饺子make a kite 做风筝make model pla
21、nes 制作模型飞机make too much noise 发出太多噪音make friends with 与.交朋友make money 挣钱16. used bamboo to make kites 用竹子做风筝解析:use,及物动词,意为“使用;利用”,后可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。use sth. to do sth. 意为“用某物做某事”,“use . for” 意为“用.做.”如: I use the knife to cut the apple.我用刀切苹果。 I use the computer for my homework.我用电脑做家庭作业。17. made a bird
22、out of wood用木头做一只鸟解析:wood,名词,意为“木头,木材”,形容词形式为wooden(木制的)。如: Our desks and chairs are made of wood.我们的课桌和椅子是由木头制成的。 I want to buy a wooden box.我想买个木匣子。拓展:类似的由物质名词加后缀en构成形容词的还有:gold金子 golden金色的,金制的wool羊毛 woolen 羊毛的18. In the 13th century, an Italian man called Marco Polo visited China.在13世纪,一个名叫马可波罗的意
23、大利人拜访了中国。解析:century,名词,意为“世纪,百年”。如: We are living in the 21st century.我们生活在21世纪。拓展:表示“几世纪”用固定结构“the + 序数词+ century”, century 前需用序数词,并加定冠词the。如: the twentieth century 20世纪提醒:常用短语:this century/ the century本世纪;last century上个世纪; next century下个世纪。19. Weifang, a city in Shandong Province,became famous for
24、 making kites fromthen on.山东省的一个城市-潍坊,从那时起就因为制作风筝变得出名了。解析:from then on意为“从那时起”,作时间状语,与一般过去时连用,相当于from that time on.如: From then on, he worked harder.从那时起,他工作更加努力了。20. Were having a picnic today.今天我们将去野餐。解析:have a picnic意为“野餐”,相当于go for a picnic. picnic,名词,意为“野餐”。如: We plan to have a picnic at the fo
25、ot of the hill.我们打算在山脚下野餐。 If the weather is nice, well go out for a picnic.如果天气好,我们将出去野餐。21. If the first two letters of two words are the same, we look at the third letter, and so on.如果两个单词的前两个字母相同,我们看第三个字母,以此类推。解析:and so on是习惯表达,通常放在句末,表示列举,意为“等等;以此类推”,有时候可以用etc. 来代替。如: He likes music, films, spo
26、rts and so on.他喜欢音乐、电影、体育运动等。22. She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller.她朝下看,发现自己的身体越来越小。解析:become,动词,意为“开始变得,变成” 后接形容词或名词短语作表语。become smaller and smaller意为“变得越来越小”。“形容词比较级+ and +形容词比较级”意为“越来越.”。如: The sky becomes cloudy.天空变得多云。 Johns wish is to become an artist.约翰的心愿是成为一名艺
27、术家。 It becomes hotter and hotter.天气变得越来越热。23. Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden.不久爱丽丝小得足以通过那扇门了,于是她决定进入花园。(1) 解析:decide,动词,意为“决定”,decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。decide to do sth的否定形式为decide not to do sth. ,意为“决定不做某事”。如: My home is only 5 minutes walk
28、 from school. I decide to walk there every day.我家到学校只有步行五分钟的路程。我决定每天步行去那儿。 He decided not to go shopping with us.他决定不和我们去购物。(2) 解析:enter,动词,意为“进入”,后面不能接介词,相当于come/go into。如: Please enter the house by the back door next time.下次请从后门进屋。拓展:enter作动词,还可表示“参加”,后面可接考试、比赛等。如: He is going to enter the drawing
29、 competition.他将要去参加绘画比赛。提醒:enter的名词形式为entrance,意为“进入,入口处”,the entrance to意为“.的入口处”。如: I will meet you at the entrance to the museum.我会在博物馆入口处见你。24. When she walked towards the door, she forgot about the key.当她朝着那扇门走去的时候,她忘记了钥匙。解析:towards,介词,意为“向,朝”,还可写成toward,强调方向性,常与动词连用,后接名词或代词。如: The sunflower tu
30、rns toward(s) the sun.向日葵朝向太阳。辨析:towards与to词条含义用法towards介词,意为“向,朝”只表示方向,不含到达某地之意to介词,意为“向,朝;面对”表示向目的地走,往往带有“已到达某地”的意思如: Look out! A car is coming towards you.当心!一辆车朝你开过来了。 I walk to school every day.我每天步行去学校。25. Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key.爱丽丝只好回到桌子旁,不过她
31、已太小,够不着那把钥匙了。(1) 解析:“too. to”表示否定含义,即“太.而不能.”,too后面接形容词或副词原形;to后接动词原形。在“too. to”结构中加for sb. /sth.,以提示动词不定式的逻辑主语,可以起到一定的限制作用。如: My son is too young to join the army.我儿子年纪太小,不能参军。 English is too difficult for me to learn well.对于我来说把英语学好太难了。拓展:“too. to”可与“not. enough to”结构互换。如: Mike is too young to go
32、to school.= Mike is not old enough to go to school.迈克年纪太小了,不能上学。(2) 解析:reach,动词,意为“伸手(脚)够到”,后面直接跟宾语。如: The apples on the tree are red and big, but I cant reach them.树上的苹果又红又大,但我够不到它们。拓展:reach作动词,还可表示“到达”,后面直接跟宾语,相当于get to或arrive at/in。如: Mr and Mrs Black will reach Shanghai tomorrow afternoon.布莱克夫妇将
33、于明天下午到达上海。26. She tried to climb up, but failed.她试图爬上去,但是没成功。(1) 解析:climb,动词,意为“爬,攀登”,后面直接跟宾语,也常与up, down, into, to, over等介词连用。如: All cats like climbing trees.所有的猫都喜欢爬树。拓展:含climb的短语climb (up) the tree 爬(上)树climb (down) the hill 爬(下)山climb the ladder 爬梯子(2) 解析:fail 意为“失败”,通常强调做了,但是没有成功。固定短语:fail in sth.在某事上失败了;fail to do sth,做某事失败了。反义词为succeed(成功)。如: He failed in business.他在生意上失败了。 He failed to run away from here,他想从这里逃走,但失败了。