1、初中英语最全知识点一、语法篇This is the key to the door .这是开门的钥匙。sb.call 电话号码sth. at 电话号码call sb. = phone sb. = ring sb. upplease give me a call .请打电话给我family指家庭时是单数,谓语动词用“ is,”family指家人时是复数,谓语动词用“ are。”of 表示无生命物体的所有格,s 表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用 of ,但有生命物体后要加“s。”以副词 there或 here 开头的句子常要倒装,以示强调。What?s your name, pl
2、ease? = Could you tell me your name, please? = May I haveyour name, please?Nice to meet you. = Glad to meet you. = Pleased to meet you.写启示的方法:1.启示的主题;2.描述细节; 3.留下联系方式。表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等,可以用dear 作感叹词。名词如果有数量词修饰它,使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词,如:here isa setof keyshere are two setsof keysget to somewhere (get home除外 )到达
3、have ( 有生命物体的“有” )有thereis ( 无生命物体的“有” )肯定: Let+ 宾语(人称代词的宾格或名词)否定: Don?t let + 宾语 +V 原型 + /Let + 表示 “有 ”时才可以用来提问或写成否定 have+V 原型+宾语+ not + V“ haven?t。”原型 +Let s(include说话的人和听话的人) 问: shallwe ?Letus( 不 include听话的人 )问: willyou?be 动词look看联系动词sound听+ adj. 作表语闻感官动词smelltaste尝fell触反身代词:myself (我自己)yourself
4、(你自己)himself (他自己)herself (她自己) itself(它自己)ourselves (我们自己)yourselves (你们自己)themselves (他们自己)How much + be +商品?(答: It?s/They?re) = What is the price of?(答:It ?s)cent美分One dollar =100 centsother( 两者中的另一个) another(三者中的另一个)越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品,如:big blue hat帮助某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth.help sb. with sth.w
5、ith the help (n.) of sb. e.g. He studies math well, with the help of teacher.一般将来时的一般形式:主语+will+ 动词原形 +Can I help you? = What can I do for you? = (Is there) anything I can do for you?a.受欢迎的welcomev.欢迎n.欢迎get a warm welcome得到热烈欢迎be 动词不加动词原形“ hundred, thousand ”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“ s。”hundreds of上百 thousa
6、nds of上千buy sth. for sb. = buy sb.(间接宾语)sth. (直接宾语)为某人买某物any body在肯定句中表示任何人,在否定句和疑问句中不是。for 表示动词的对象或接受者,表示用途,表示目的,表示等价交换或标注价格,表示时间持续多久,表示距离,表示理由或原因。each 强调两者或两者以上的每一个,强调个体+第三人称单数every 强调三者或三者以上的每一个,强调整体There are many trees on each side of the roadThere are many trees on both sides of the roadthe pri
7、ce is low(high)价格低(高)也also放在 be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实意动词之前either放在句末 (疑问句、否定句)too放在句末 (肯定句 )on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨when ?答不用具体时间what time?答要用具体时间比赛contest和智力或知识有关的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛持续一段时间的节日一般用“ festival”.a kind of一种many kind of许多种all kinds of各种各样kind of有几分 如: The elephants are kind of cute.含有 think
8、的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定,要否定前移, 如:She doesn?t think theyare boring.( 她认为他们不无聊 )问: How are you?答: I?m fine. ( 我很好。 )/Just so so.(一般般。 )表示时间、价格、 距离的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如: Two dollars is enough(足够 )。怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节:双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心, 元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音,因此, 首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合,两个中心就清楚了。 两个中心之间的辅音字母 (不是字母组
9、合) 则分别划归两个音节,第一个音节即为闭音节,如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母(包括“r)”,分别划归前后,第一个音节按闭音节读音。如:paper /?peip ?/ (pa为开音节 ) member /?memb?/ (mem 为闭音节 ) happy /?h?pi/ (hap为闭音节 ) sorry /?s?ri/ (sor 为闭音节 ) certainly /?s ?:tnil/I am sorry. I can?t go with you.(对不起。我不能和你一起去。 )Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much. / Thank a l
10、ot. / Many thanks.You are welcome. / That?s OK. / That?s all right.It?s my pleasure. / With pleasure.(这是我的荣幸。 )make friend with sb.(和 交朋友)Thanks for + n. / v.ing = Thanks sb. for + n. / v.ingbelow 在 下方(非正下方)反义词: above在 上面(非正上方,没有接触面)under在 下面(正下方)反义词: on(有接触面), over (没有接触面)在上面(正上方)keep + sth. + adj.
11、使某物保持某状态。keep + adj.保持某状态。表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用 “ some。”问: Let 答: OK. / All right. / That?s a good idea. / That sounds good. / Sorry.sport用来修饰名词要变为sports 。play + the +乐器Erhu 除外be 动词后叫表语,修饰名词叫定语,修饰动词叫状语,前后两词对等叫同位语。人民币和日元变复数不变,其他要。be good with sb. = get on well with sb.与某人相处的很好问: How often does Rick
12、 run on weekend?答: Rick usually runs on weekend.always( 总是 )usually( 通常 )often (经常)sometimenever (从不)(有时)seldom(很少)频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后,实意动词或行为动词之前。感叹句:What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + ( 主 ) + 如: What beautiful flowers they are!(谓)!How + adj. /adv. + (主 ) + (谓)!如: How beautiful the flowers are!Can you think
13、what his job is? 含有宾语从句的复合句,宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。Start to do sth.be famous for开始做某事因 出名be busy doing sth.忙于某事be busy with sth.be strict with sb.对某人某事严格be strict in sth. / doing sth.for +时间段 做某事持续多久问: How long do you have volleyball?答: I have volleyball for two hours.ask sb. some questions.问某人一些问题ask sb. to
14、 do sth.叫某人做某事no =not anybecause 不和 so 同时使用, although( 尽管 ) 不和 but 同时使用。little几乎没有 ( 否定 )a little修饰不可数名词有一些 (肯定 )few几乎没有 ( 否定 )a few修饰可数名词有一些 (肯定 )either:两者中的任何一个都行。neither:两者中的任何一个都不。用 “ may提”问的句子回答用 can/can , t或 must / mustn? t;用 “ can提”问的句子回答用can/can?t; 用 “ must提问”的句子回答用need/needn?t.如: 1. May I p
15、ark my car here?Yes, you can / must. / No, you can?t / mustn?t.2. Can I watch TV?Yes, you can. / No, you can?t.3. Must I clean the classroom this morning? Yes, you need. / No, you needn?t.be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid of sth.be fond of = likemake a continuation to sth.对 有贡献do well in = be good
16、 at擅长 比较级+ and + 比较级越来越 give back = return归还害怕做某事/ 某物法国人单数:Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数:Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese 和 Japanese单复数同形in the world在世界上all over the world / around the world / the whole word全世界in the school在学校里in school 在学校学习outside 在 外面outside the gate to the park在公园门外turning 转角go down
17、+ 沿着 路走go straight down +沿着 路直走enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事enjoy oneself = have a good time = have funtake a walk = go for a walk = have a walkthe beginning of的开始at the beginning of强调在 开始的那一刻in the beginning起初,一开始from the beginning开始时from beginning to end从开始到结束visit +地点、参观某地a visit to + 地点、参观某地have fun doi
18、ng sth.做 很开心地点 + is a great place to do sth.是一个做 的地方be busy with sth.忙于某事the way to去的路on the way to + 地点 在去 的路上on one?s way to +地点 某人在去 的路上on my way to home在我回家的路上passsth. tosb.把某物递给某人passsb. sth.in大地方arriveat小地方arriveat school到达学校get to schoolreach school主语+ hope(that) +从句主语+ hope + to do sth.live
19、on靠为生主语为物 It takes sb.时间、金钱to.do sth.做某事要花某人多少take时间、金钱花费 spend 主语为人 spend时间、金钱 on sth./(in) doing sth.cost 主语为物(强调金钱)T his book costs me3 yuan.pay 主语为人pay 金钱to sb. for sth.为了某物付钱给某人pay 金钱to sb. = pay sb.金钱pay sb.付钱给某人between两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间across指在表面穿过、有接触面through 指从内部穿过over指从上空穿过、没有接触面Why not
20、do sth.? 表建议:为什么不做呢?Why don?t you do sth. ?表疑问:你为什么不要?because句子because名词 / 名词短语/ 代词如 I didn t go to school I didn t go to school, because I was ill., because of the illness.kind ofadj.a kind ofn.many kinds ofall kindsof如: People like this kind of animals, because they?re kind of cute.in the south of
21、在 南部asleep 睡着的 adj.fall asleep 入睡be asleep 正睡着be friendly to sb.对某人友好don?t forget to do sth.不要忘记做某事tell sb. to do sth.叫某人去做某事tell sb. not to do sth.叫某人不去做某事stop to do sth. 停下正在做的,去做某事stop doing sth. 停下正在做的是介词 + doing sth.would like to do sth.想要做某事Which place do you live in = Where do you live ?Isn?t
22、 he cute ?否定疑问句Sam wants to play basketball, doesn?t he ?翻译疑问句Why not do sth. ? = Why don?t you do sth. ?practice doing sth.练习做某事use sth. to do sth.比较级中的代词用that , 如: The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.said to oneself自言自语be careful not to do sth.小心别做某事do one?s best 尽某人的全力由制作的be made of
23、看得出原材料的be make from 看不出原材料的be satisfied with对满意be full of 满是 in the front of 在内部的前面in front of 在外部的前面条件状语从句:主语为将来时,从句为一般现在时。如:We?ll have a sports meetingif it doesn?t rain t omorrow.It?s ( 形式主语 ) + adj. +(for sb. ) + to do sth.(主语 ) 做某事怎么样。如: It?s important for him to play the piano .弹钢琴对他很重要。It?s +
24、 adj. + of sb. to do sth.( adj. 应为 sb. 的本身性质)如: It?s kind of you to help me.你帮助了我,你真好。go across the bridge过桥in + 时间段(将来时)多久后在之后,多久之后after(放在时间前)later(放在时间后)What does she do ? = What?s she? = What?s her job?work ( UN)job (CN)sometimes 频度副词;有时sometime 某时,某个不确定的时间 如:I hope I can visit Hong Kong sometim
25、e.some times 几次some time 一些时间give sb.sth .给某人某物(sth.直接宾语,sb.间接宾语)give sth.to sb.get sth.from sb.从某人那里得到某物wear 穿的状态put on 穿上talk to / with sb.与某人交谈be in danger处于危险中be out of danger 脱离危险be out外出ask sb.sth.问某人某事ask sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事waitress女服务员work withsb. 与某人工作work withsth.工作与某物有关be late for做 迟到了ne
26、ed sth. 需要某物(实义动词)need to do sth.需要做某事needneed doing需要被如: T he flowersneed watering . 花需要被浇水。learn by oneself = teach oneself自学teach sb. sth . 教某人某事teach sb. to do sth.教某人去做某事watch 长时间的看看 see 强调看的结果look 强调看的过程、动作 read 阅读show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.lately最近seesb.doing sth.看到某人正做某事wait to do sth.
27、等待做某事cawt waitto do sth. 迫不及待地想要做某事thanks for + n. /动名词表语一般放在be 动词后,定语一般放在名词前。be with sb.与某人在一起everyone 指人every bodyeveryone 可以指人,也可以指物描述头发:漂亮+长短 +形状 +颜色描述人的长相: have / has + hair / eyes / ears / mouth / nose is / am / are+ tall / short / thin / heavy / good-looking / of medium heightstrong的反义词: weak
28、 虚弱的love to do sth.喜爱做某事wear 用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如: Miss Li is wearing a new dress today.李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。popular流行;受欢迎的 pop流行good - looking 外在美(指男性或女性)beautiful 外在美或内在美(指女性或物)ordinary - looking 相貌平平ugly - looking 相貌不好看的;相貌丑的handsome 漂亮;英俊kind of = a little bit + adj. / adv. = a little bit of + n.tell sb. j
29、oke 给某人讲笑话make a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑Don t make such kindofjokes withothers 别和别人开这种玩笑多个形容词修饰名词时,顺序为:限定词(the ;a)数词描绘词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色)出处材料性质、类别名词a small round table .如:a famous German medical school .an expensive Japanesesports car .remember to do sth. 记得去做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事- Who cleaned the
30、 classroom ?- T hestudents did .特别喜欢: likea lot / very much有一点喜欢: likea little一点都不喜欢:(doesnt) don t likeat alloutgoing 外向的What fine weather it is! = How fine the weather is!sth.would liketo do sth.sb. to do sth.- Wouldyou like sth. ?- Yes , please . / No , thanks .- Wouldyou liketo do sth. ?- Yes, ,
31、I d like to. / I d like tobut Iround the world全世界junk food垃圾食物make a reason to do sth.为做某事编一个理由give the reason for sth.给出某事 / 做某事的理由give the reason for doing sth.如: give me your reasonsfor being late .be on a visit (n.) to = visit (v.)stay + adj.保持 practise( v.)practicepractice (v.)n. / pron. /doing
32、 sth.practice (n.)( 没有 practise)如: Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧在山顶上 on the top of the mountain在半山腰half way up the mountain在山脚下 at the foot of the mountainbe angry with sb.It takes sb.人 spend时间to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间on sth.时间 /金钱(in) doing sth.for sth.人paysb.金钱物 cost sb. 钱most of 中的大多数do sth.(看见经常做或做过)w
33、atch sb. / sth .doing sth.(看见正在做)to do sth.It is timefor sth.for sb. to do sth.He doesn?t want to do anything. = He wants to do nothing.Help oneself to sth.受 欢迎play a joke on sb.和某人开玩笑dress sb.为某人穿衣打扮动词原型及其过去式to + v. (不定式)make sb.do sth.省略 to 的不定式let sb. do sth.have sb. do sth.help sb. (to) do sth.可
34、加可不加another + n.(单)|名词知识点总结顾名思义,名词指的是表示事物名称的词, 分为专有名词和普通名词。 专有名词包括人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团地名等专有的名称,第一个字母大写,例如 Lily, China, Sunday, The Times, Class One等。普通名词分为可数和不可数名词。可数名词表示一个的时候用单数形式,即原形,如a box. 表示一个以上用复数形式,如two boxes.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,表示数量时要借助于 a piece of,a glass of,a cup of 等短语,如 two pieces of paper.另外,名词中
35、还涉及到名词所有格问题。 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式:一种是 s 所有格,常表示有生命的事物, 如 Annsbook;另一种是 of 所有格 , 常表示无生命的事物,如 the door of the room.。注意:1 . 可数名词复数的规则变化:一般情况下在词尾加s. 如 map-maps以字母s,x ,ch ,sh 等结尾的名词加 es, 如 bus-buses,watch-watches以辅音字母 +y结尾的名词,先变 y 为 i ,再加 es. 例词:country-countries以 f/fe一般变 f/fe为 v 加 es, 例词:leaf-leaves
36、,thief-thieves以 o 结尾的名词加 s 或 es. 对于初中阶段,以 o 结尾的表示有生命的名词加es,如 tomato-tomatoes;以 o 结尾的表示无生命的名词加s , 如 zoo-zoos 。2 . 可数名词复数的不规则变化:常见的不规则变化名词有man-men,woman-women,child-children,ox-oxengoose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,penny-pence,mouse-miceChinese-Chinese等。3 . 以 s 结尾的名词复数, 变所有格时在 s 后加“ ”,不以 s 结尾的名词复数,在词尾
37、加“ s ” .常见考法对于名词的考察,通常是以单项选择或词语运用形式考查名词词义及其用法,以及学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用名词的能力。误区提醒准确使用名词所有格, 尤其是作定语, 关键是判断出所有关系。准确使用专有名词,记住月份,星期,国名,语言,著名景点的名称,尤其注意首字母大写。辨别并准确使用不可数名词、可数名词及其复数。表示不可数名词的量,要注意用哪个量词及量词的单复数。典型例题 1: The doctor saved three _ livesyesterday.A.childrensB. childrenC. childD. childs解析:本题考查名词复数及所有格的用法。题中
38、three 决定了后面要用复数 children ,而 children 和 lives 又构成所有关系“三个孩子的生命” ,并且 children 不是以 s 结尾的名词复数,所以用 child 的复数所有格 childrens 。答案: A典型例题2:-Would youlike somedrinks,boys ?-Yes ,_,please.A.some orangesorangesB.two boxes ofC. some cakesD.twoboxes of orange解析:根据题意“你们想喝点饮料吗?”,选项应该为饮料,故排除C;而在作为桔汁来讲的时候,是不可数名词,没有复数,故排除 A 和 B;答案: D总结升华:在做涉及到名词的习题时, 要从名词的数, 名词所用格等方面考虑全面。数词知识点总结数词分为基数词和序数词两种;(一)基数词在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。