1、初中语法专题（一）时态精选1一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时精选2一般现在时一般现在时精选3一、一般现在时：一、一般现在时：概念概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month),once a week,on Sundays,etc.基本结构基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为
2、动词。Helikesmusic.Hedoesntlikemusic.一般疑问句一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。Doeshelikemusic?精选4什么情况下用？精选5表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。Theygohomeonceaweek.表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。Ilikereading.表示客观的事实或真理。Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.精选6.表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,take o
3、ff,stop,be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。（主（主将从现）将从现）Lucy will be at home if it rains Lucy will be at home if it rains tomorrow.tomorrow.精选7动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 精选8规则规则例子例子一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-s-s，(清辅音后读清辅音后读/s/s/，在浊辅音后读在浊辅音后读/z/z/；在；在t t后读后读/ts/,/ts/,在在d d后读后读/dz/dz/。)PlayPlayplay
4、s plays leaveleaveleavesleavesswimswimswimsswims以字母以字母s,x,ch,sh,os,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加结尾的词加-es-es，读读/iz/,/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有如果动词原形词尾已有e,e,则则只加只加-s-s。pass pass passes passes fixfixfixesfixesteachteachteaches teaches wishwishwisheswishesdododoesdoes以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的词结尾的词，先变，先变y y为为i,i,再加再加-es,-es,读读/z/z/study
5、studystudies studies carrycarrycarriescarriesflyflyfliesflies精选91.1.He_(be,am,is,are)a teacher at No.2 Middle School.2.2.He_(have,has)classes in the afternoon.3.3.He_(get,gets)up at half past six every morning.4.4.He always _(come,comes)to school on time.5.5.He _(study,studies)very hard at his lesso
6、n.6.6.One and two _(be,is,are)three.7.7.Blue and yellow _(make,makes)green.8.8.The earth _(move,moves)round the sun.9.9.I will go there if I _(be,will be,am,is,are)free tomorrow.精选10 我们经常在晚上8点看电视。WealwayswatchTVat8:00intheevening.我不喜欢红色的鞋。Idontlikeredshoes.精选11一般过去时精选12概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯概念：过去某个
7、时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。Hesmokedlastyear.Hedidntsmokelastyear.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用
8、助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。Didhesmokelastyear?精选13构成规则构成规则例子一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元音后读/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/id/。looklooked playplayedworkworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikeliked livelivedhopehoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanplanned stopstoppeddropdropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudystudied worryworri
9、edcrycried精选141.1.He_(be,was,were,been)here a moment ago.2.2.They _(be,was,were,been)here just now.3.3.The scientists _(leave,leaves,leaved,left)for America yesterday.4.4.Last week we _(visit,visited)the Science Museum.5.5.When I was a child,I often _(play,played)football.6.6.The students ran out of
10、 the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring,rang,rung).精选15 当我是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.4我昨天完成作业了。Ifinishedthehomeworkyesterday.精选16现在进行时精选17作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now,at this time,days,look.listen等时间状语做标志。3.基本结构：主语+be+doing
11、+其他4.否定形式：主语+be+not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。精选186.6.用法：现在进行时表示用法：现在进行时表示1)、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g.He is reading.They are talking now.2)、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g.They are working these days.3)、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming.精选19 现在分词的变法有现在分词的变法有1)、一般在动词词尾加上-ing,E.g.jump2)、以不发音
12、字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing.E.g have write3)、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.E.g.sit put 其句式变换都在be上做文章。精选201.I _(write,am writing,is writing,are writing)a letter now.2.Look,it _(begin,is beginning,am beginning,are beginning)to rain.3.They _(study,is studying,am studying,are studying)me
13、dicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days.4.He _(teach,am teaching,is teaching,are teaching)an English lesson at this time.精选21 5.我妈妈在做家务。Mymotherwasdoinghousework.6.老师正在教我们如何用电脑。Theteacherwasteachingushowtousecomputer.精选22过去进行时精选231.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：at this time yest
14、erday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构 主语+was/were+doing+其他 4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其他 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。精选241.I _(cook,cooked,was cooking,were cooking)breakfast when you arrived.2.What _you_(do,did,was.doing,weredoing)at this time yesterday evening?3.We
15、_(have,are having,had,were having)dinner when the doorbell rang.4.While/When/As we_(have,had,are having,were having)dinner,the doorbell rang.精选25 7.昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗？Wereyouplayingbasketballatfouryesterdayafternoon?8.他看书时睡着了。Hefellasleepwhenhewasreading.精选26一般将来时精选27构成构成:will,shall+动词原形，其中shall只用于第一人称。b
16、e going to+动词原形，表示主观打算，按计划，安排要发生的事情。be to+动词原形，表示客观安排 be about to+不定式，意为马上要做某事，正要做某事。(不可与副词连用）某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come,go,arrive,leave。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。精选28否定形式否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do；主语+will/shall not do+其他 一般疑问句一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。e.g.She will be back
17、in three days.She will not be back in three days.Will She be back in three days?精选291 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will;going to be B Are;going to be C Are;/D Will;be2 I dont know if his uncle _.I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come;comes B will come;will come C comes;comes D comes;will co
18、me3 He will be back _a few minutes.A with B for C on D in4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow?A will B shall C do D are5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish精选306 There _some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have
19、C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow.She _a party.A is going to be;will have B will be;is having C will be;is going to have D will have;is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now,next year he _11.A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 精选31过去将来时精选32构成：构成：（wo
20、uld+动词原形，或将来时的其它过去构成形式was going to do）表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在宾语从句及间接引语中，时态呼应，经常会用到过去将来时。如I thought it was going to be fun.时间状语时间状语：-soon/the next day-that-clause(名词性从句或上下文中-)精选331.I told my friend that I _(should/would arrive,shall/will arrive)soon.2.They looked at those clouds over the sky
21、.It_(is going to rain,was going to rain).精选34现在完成时精选351.1.概念：概念：表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来；或发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时（间）,for+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。2.2.时间状语：时间状语：recently,already,yet,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，lately,in the past few years,etc.3.3.基本结构：基本结构
22、：主语+have/has+p.p（过去分词）+其他 精选364.4.否定形式：否定形式：主语+have/has+not+p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.5.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：have/has+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他?精选37 have have（hashas）been been 和和have have（hashas）gone gone 的区别的区别 have been to a place意思是“到过、去过”，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；have gone to a place表示“去了”，已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已经到那儿了。精选381.You have _ a
23、 tall young man.A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up2.He has _ the watch for a year.A buy B bought C have D had3.Has your brother _ the dog?A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on4.I _this book for two weeks,I have to return it now.A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept5.Have you ever _to th
24、e Great Wall?Its very beautiful.A gone B been C went D go 6.Her brother _the Party since 1978.A joined B has joined C has been in D was in 7.The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China.A will visit B visited C have visited D visit精选398 Im sorry,I _ your name.A had forgotten B forgot
25、 C have forgotten D forgotten9 The bookshop _ for eight years.A has been open B has been opened C has opened D has open10 We have_ all the paper so we need to buy some.A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for11 The flower I _grown up.A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted精选4
26、0巧解现在完成时态题巧解现在完成时态题精选41技巧技巧1:1:寻找现在完成时中的寻找现在完成时中的“段时段时间间”。(1)现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用:for+一段时间;since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时)。(2)现在完成时态也用在含有during/in/over the last years或in recent years等的句子中。精选42趁热打铁精选431.The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995.A.at
27、tracted B.attracts C.has attracted D.will attract 2.How long _ you _ here?For about two years so far.A.have,studied B.did,live C.do,stay D.were,swimming 3.How is your father?I _him for a long time.He is fine,but busy.dont see B.hadnt seen C.didnt see D.havent seen 4.Meimei has received several lette
28、rs from her hometown since she _ to the city.A.cameB.comes C.has comeD.will come 精选44技巧技巧2:2:寻找现在完成时的副寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。词标志或句型。(1)在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet,already,never,lately,recently,ever,just,before,(ever)since等。(2)句型:It has been+段时间+since+过去时.也可以表示为:It is+段时间+since+过去时.精选45 9.自五个月前我就在这儿了。Ih
29、avebeenheresincefivemonthsago.精选46过去完成时精选47过去完成时过去完成时 1 1、概念：、概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。-|-|-|-|-|-|-那时以前那时以前 那时那时 现在现在 2 2、构成：过去完成时由、构成：过去完成时由“助动词助动词 had+had+过去分词过去分词”构成，其中构成，其中 had had 通用于各种人称。通用于各种人称。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hote
30、l.She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.精选48 3、它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。E.g.I had reached the station before 9:00 oclock.I had not reached the station before 9:00 oclock.Had you reached the station before 9:00 oclock?精选49过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 alread
31、y，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。精选501.We _(have read,had read)500 stories by the end of last term.2.He said that they _(have arrived,had arrived)an hour before.3.After/When he _(has done,had done)his job,he went to bed.4.I waited till he _(has finished,had finished)his work.5.When I got there,he _(has been,had been)away for half an hour.6.I went back to the classroom because I _(have left,had left)my dictionary there.精选51 10.他说过他以前学过一些英语。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.精选52
