1、Grammar主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+间宾+直宾主语+谓语+宾语+宾补Review:英语句子的种类有两种，按句子的英语句子的种类有两种，按句子的用途用途可分为陈述、疑问、可分为陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句四种。祈使和感叹句四种。而按句子的而按句子的结构结构可分三种：可分三种：1)简单句简单句2)并列句并列句3)复合句复合句简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句主句主句+引导词引导词+从句从句1.He often reads English in the morning.2.You help him and he helps you.3.My suggestio
2、n is that we should study step by step.4.Both Tom and Mike are American boys.5.He said that he has known all before.请判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：请判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句简单句简单句复合句复合句复合句复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能用作句子的一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语。从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的的从句。从句担任哪个
3、句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的的从句。复合句：主句复合句：主句+引导词引导词+从句从句复合句复合句定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句Michael Jackson,a famous singer,is also a good dancer,and he likes pop music very much.这些名词在句子中充当什么成分？主语同位语表语宾语 名词在句子中一般可以充当名词在句子中一般可以充当主语、表语、宾语、同主语、表语、宾语、同位语位语。从句在语法功能上相当于。从句在语法功能上相当于名词名词，也可分别作主句，也可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语、同位语。因此，的主语、
4、表语、宾语、同位语。因此，主语从句、宾语主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句从句、表语从句、同位语从句统称为统称为名词性从句名词性从句。基础回顾1：名词性从句的定义同位语从句同位语从句基础回顾1：名词性从句的定义名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句GO根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分定语从句形容词性从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句状语从句副词性从句宾语从句从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。（及物动词）或介词之后。E.g.We know
5、Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.l 宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态名词性从句的学习要点名词性从句的学习要点1、名词性从句的、名词性从句的语序语序的考查的考查2、名词性从句的、名词性从句的连接词连接词的考查的考查3、宾语从句的、宾语从句的时态时态呼应呼应4、同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择、同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择1.What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the v
6、iolin so well.2.The question is whether she is coming.3.Could you tell me where he lives?4.I had no idea whether he will come on time?5.Who he is doesnt matter much.6.I dont know what his name is.7.Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?基础回顾2：名词性从句语序的考查名词性从句：名词性从句：永远永远陈陈述句语序；述句语序；即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的
7、现象。即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象。基础回顾2：名词性从句语序的考查从属连词从属连词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词that（无词义）（无词义）,whether,if as if/as though what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whichever，whomeverwhen,where,why,how 基础回顾3：名词性从句的引导词1、_ we will realize our dreams in the future is certain.2、The fact is _ Beijing will hold 29th Olymp
8、ic Games this year.3、I know _ well begun is half done.4、He heard the news _Liuxiang set a new world record.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）“that”-无词义、不作成份、起连接作用无词义、不作成份、起连接作用Thatthatthatthat 1、My idea is that we should do it right now.2、She wont believe that he has become a thief.3
9、、That he is a famous singer is known to us.4、I knew the news that our team won the match.5、His suggestion is that we should finish the work at once.说出从句部分及类别并翻译：说出从句部分及类别并翻译：同位语从句同位语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句1、_ she will come back on time depends on weather.2、The problem is _ you could give
10、us some valuable advice.3、I asked him _ he could do me a favor.4、Could you tell me the question _ English is useful for us now.“whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起连接作用、不作成份、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Whetherwhetherwhetherwhether If 只能引导两种名词性从句：Whether四种从句均可以引导。1、_ she will come back o
11、n time depends on weather.2、I asked him_he could do me a favor.请思考：请思考：1、It depends on weather_she will come back on time.2、I asked him_he could do me a favor.Whether whether if if 1、If不能引导放于句首的主语从句，而whether可以。2、引导表语从句用whether，不用if。3、引导同位语从句用whether，不用if。4、whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用if。5、whether or not 连
12、在一起可以，但if不可以。而“whether-or not =if-or not”1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can
13、hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhether名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（1）：）：从句中的每一个引导词都有从句中的每一个引导词都有3个功能个功能:意义；成份；作用意义；成份；作用从属连词从属连词“that”-无词义、不作成份、起连接作用无词义、不作成份、起连接作用“if”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起连接作用、不作成份、起连接作用“whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起连接作用、不作成份、起
14、连接作用“who”-“谁谁”、作主语、起连接作用、作主语、起连接作用1、_ will go to the college is still uncertain.2、The trouble is _ could lend me some money.3、He want to know _ picked up his mobile phone.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Whowhowho1.The thing I am anxious about is _he will turn to for help.2._you will learn from i
15、s worth thinking over.3.His mother asked him _ he could believe in.“whom”-“谁谁”、作宾语、起连接作用、作宾语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）whom Whom whom1.I want to know _ your mother is?2.What he will tell me is _ I have been expecting to know.3._suprised me is that everybody seemed to be known.“what”-“
16、事情事情”、作主表宾语、起连接作用、作主表宾语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）whatwhatWhat 1._ class is suitable for us isnt most important.2.What he wants to ask you now is _ team won the game.3.Could you tell me _ one is right.“which”-“哪哪-”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Whichwhichwhich
17、1._ bag was the most beautiful is still unknown now.2.The question is _ friends could lend me a hand.3.I want to know _ suggestion is more practical.“whose”-“谁的谁的”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Whosewhosewhose连接代词连接代词名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（2）：）：“who”-“谁谁”、作主语、起连接作用、作主语、起连接作
18、用“whom”-“谁谁”、作宾语、起连接作用、作宾语、起连接作用“what”-“事情事情”、作主表宾、起连接作用、作主表宾、起连接作用“whose”-“谁的谁的”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起连接作用“which”-“哪哪.”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起连接作用“whoever”-“-的任何人的任何人”、作主语、起连接作用、作主语、起连接作用1._ could solve the problem will be rewarded.2.The person I will praise is _could work out the question.3.You should apprecia
19、te _ helped you in the past.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Whoeverwhoever whoever“whomever”-“-的任何人的任何人”、作宾语、起连接作用、作宾语、起连接作用1.You should learn from _ I praised yesterday .2.The person I could depend on is _ you believe in.3._ you will meet in the meeting is excellent.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从
20、句）（宾语从句）Whomeverwhomeverwhomever1、_ you did in the past was very meaningful.2、What we should do is _ is worth doing.3、We should do _ is worth doing.“whatever”-“-的任何东西的任何东西”、作主表宾语、作主表宾语、（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Whateverwhateverwhatever“whichever”-“-的哪些或哪个的哪些或哪个”、作定语、作定语、1.You could choose_
21、 book you want.2._ team win the game is possible .3.The fact is _ teacher could help you learn English well.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）whicheverWhicheverwhichever名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（3）：）：连接代词连接代词“whomever”-“-的任何人的任何人”、作宾语、作宾语、“whoever”-“-的任何人的任何人”、作主语、作主语、“whatever”-“-的任何东西的任何东西”、作主表宾语、
22、作主表宾语、“whichever”-“无论哪个或哪些无论哪个或哪些-”、作定语、作定语、“when”-“什么时候什么时候”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用1._the meeting will begin isnt decided now.2.The trouble is _ he could recover from the disease.3.He asked us _ we would graduate from the school.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）When whenwhen“where”-“什么地方什么地方”、作状语、起
23、连接作用、作状语、起连接作用1.His question was _ we would hold the opening ceremony.2._ I could buy the book is uncertain now.3.I couldnt tell you _ they have been living.（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Wherewherewhere1、_ he killed himself is still a secret now.2、What surprised me was _ they failed again.3、I
24、just want to ask you _ I was fired.“why”-“为什么为什么”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Whywhywhy1.I will go to ask my teacher _I could work out the problem.2.What the professor asked us was _ we could make our parents happy.3._ the thief stole the bike is still a mystery.“how”-“如何如
25、何”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Howhowhow 名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（4）：）：连接副词连接副词“why”-“为什么为什么”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“how”-“如何如何”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“where”-“什么地方什么地方”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“when”-“什么时候什么时候”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用总结：名词名词性从句引导性从句引导词的三词的三步骤步骤 步骤一：如果从句中缺少主语，宾语，表语，定语则考虑用
26、 连接代词；步骤二：如果从句中既不缺少主语，宾语，表语，定语，但 是缺少一定意义的状语，则考虑用连接副词；步骤三：如果既不缺少主语，宾语，表语，定语，也不缺少 状语，则考虑用从属连词。从属连词从属连词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词that（无词义）（无词义）,whether,if as if/as though what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whichever，whomeverwhen,where,why,how有词义，有词义，但不做成分但不做成分有词义，有词义，做主，宾，表，定语做主，宾，表，定语 有词义，有词义，做状语做状语1.1.
27、看成分看成分2.2.看句意看句意 基础回顾3：名词性从句的引导词1.1.名词性从句时态多与主句时态保持一致。名词性从句时态多与主句时态保持一致。2.2.when,if when,if：当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。基础回顾4：名词性从句时态的考查宾语从句的时态呼应：宾语从句的时态呼应：He believes that his dream will come true on
28、e day.Please tell me what you think of the plan.主现从不限主现从不限He told me that he was preparing for the coming mid-term examination.He said that he had been away from his hometown for ten years.He asked me where I lived.主过从四过主过从四过The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.客观真理用一
29、般现在时客观真理用一般现在时1.1.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别。2.2.同位语从句连接词的选择同位语从句连接词的选择。基础回顾5：同位语从句的辨别一、一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1.都跟在名词后；2.都可以翻译成“的的”The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.我们队取得决赛胜利我们队取得决赛胜利的的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.你告诉我们你告诉我们的的消息真
30、的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。（同位语从句）（同位语从句）（定语从句）（定语从句）二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1 1、含义不同：、含义不同：同位语从句是对是对前面名词的解释说明，知道具体内容，知道具体内容，指同一件事（可以划等号）；（可以划等号）；定语从句用来用来修饰、限定前面的名词，不知不知道具体内容。道具体内容。1.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）2.The news that you told us is r
31、eally encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）（定语从句）（定语从句）二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处2 2、引导词、引导词-区别：区别：同位语从句中，同位语从句中，thatthat：无成分，用于肯定句；：无成分，用于肯定句；定语从句的定语从句的thatthat：是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。1.Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player
32、 if I passed the English test.2.Dad made a promise that excited all his children.that 不充当任何成分不充当任何成分that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。，又在从句中充当主语。（同位语从句）（同位语从句）（定语从句）（定语从句）说出下列从句的功能：说出下列从句的功能：Appositive（同位语）（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）（定语）1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2.Many teachers hold
33、the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4.Do you have any idea where we will be sent?5.Is this the company where your father works?6.This is the reason that he gave for his absence.7.He made an excuse that his car broke do
34、wn on the way.BBB名词性从句名词性从句:五大考点五大考点 that that 和和 what what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，_除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的作从句的_、_、_、或、或_。而。而_在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起_作用。作用。what主语主语宾语宾语表语表语that连接连接总结归纳：总结归纳：定语定语考点考点1 1 ：连接词：连接词 that/whatthat/what考点考点1 1 ：连接词：连接词 that/what
35、that/whatWhatthatthatthatwhatthatthatWhat用用that/what填空：填空：1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no
36、idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat1._(据报道)the bus has been located more than 60 meters underwater.2._(碰巧)the bus rushed to the roadside and fell into the Yangtze River.3._(事实是)15 people were killed in the accident.4._(有必要)we should obey the traffic rules for our own safety
37、.It is necessary thatIt is reported thatIt happened thatIt is a fact that考点考点2 2 ：itit作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语形式宾语 主语从句有时会很长，复合句就显得头重脚轻，因此，可以把主语主语从句有时会很长，复合句就显得头重脚轻，因此，可以把主语从句移到复合句后面，而在句首使用从句移到复合句后面，而在句首使用itit作形式主语。用作形式主语。用itit作形式主语的作形式主语的thatthat从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：It+be+adj.+that 从句从句 It+be+P.P.+
38、that 从句从句 It+be+n.+that 从句从句 It+vi+that 从句从句It 作形式主语的句型：作形式主语的句型：It+be+名词名词/形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词/不及物动词不及物动词+that 从句从句 1.It+be+adj.+that 从句从句 It is necessary that有必要 It is important that重要的是 It is obvious that很明显2.It+be+P.P.+that 从句从句 It is believed that 人们相信 It is known to all that 从所周知 It has been decid
39、ed that 已决定 3.It+be+n.+that 从句从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是4.It+vi+that 从句从句 It appears that 似乎 It seems that 似乎 It happens that 碰巧注意：注意：当that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，也要以it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week
40、?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?1.I hate _ when the bus driver quarrels with others during the driving of the bus.A.this B.that C.it D.one C2.我们发现难以原谅乘客刘某和公交车驾驶员的行为.We found _ the behavior of the passenger Liu and the bus driver.考点 2：it作形式宾语3.We should made that obeying the law
41、 is every citizens duty clear.(改用形式宾语改用形式宾语 it)We should made _obeying the law is every citizens duty.it difficult to forgiveit clear that 1)表示“喜欢、讨厌”等心理方面的动词：enjoy,prefer,love，like,hate,appreciate dislike等。2）consider，find，think，feel，make，depend on it that(指望),count on it that等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it,
42、宾语从句放到宾补之后。It作形式宾语动词及词组：1.The news that China has successfully landed a spacecraft named Change 4 on the moon is of great significance.2.The news that China space agency declares is of great significance.3.The fact that China makes great advances in space exploration cant be denied.4.The fact that T
43、V reported excited every Chinese.同位语从句同位语从句 定语从句定语从句 定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句考点考点3 3 ：同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别6.Is there any possibility _ the moon become destination for space travel in the future?A.When B.that C.whether D.what 5.The belief that people cannt live on the moon is still held in some count
44、ries.The belief is that people cannt live on the moon.同位语从句的简易判断方法：同位语从句的简易判断方法：在名词和从句之间加be,构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句;定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。同位语从句同位语从句:一般跟在名词fact,news,promise,truth,belief,thought,idea,answer,information,knowledge,doubt,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后面,说明或解释前面名词的内容.连接词通常为that，
45、但在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。还用how,when,where,why,whether（不用if）.定语从句：定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用,并且关系代词that在句中作成分。1.It is demanded that China _ preparations for the trade war.A.makes B.has to make C.must make D.make2.It is strange that Trump _ the loss of American job on the trade imbalance between the two country.
46、A.would blame B.should blame C.had blamed D.has blamed竟竟 然然考点考点4 4 ：名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气3.The Chinese foreign ministry suggested that a win-win solution _ to settle trade issues.A.should adopt B.adopted C.be adopted D.adopting4.The history suggested the Chinese nation_(experience)more than 5,000 y
47、ear of ups and downs,so we are not afraid to fight to the end.experienced总结归纳：总结归纳：表示建议、要求、命令,坚持等动词 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order 后的从句谓语动词用后的从句谓语动词用_注意：suggest 表示“暗示、表明”，insist 表示“坚持认为”之意时，从句谓语动词不用虚拟语气，按需要来选择时态。(should)+do/be done1._ Lee Chong Wei will take part
48、in the Tokyo Olympic games depends on his healthy condition.2.Were worried about _ he is healthy.3.I dont know _ or not he is well.4.The question is _ he will continue training.5.He havent decided_ to retire from the badminton game.Whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether考点考点5 5 ：只能用只能用whetherwhether的情况的
49、情况请你归纳请你归纳 a.a.主语从句并在句首主语从句并在句首 b.b.表语从句表语从句 c.c.同位语从句同位语从句 e.e.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句 f.f.直接加动词不定式只能用直接加动词不定式只能用whetherwhether（to doto do）g whether or not g whether or not 直接连用时不用直接连用时不用ifif只能用只能用whether 的情况：的情况：请你归纳请你归纳If 表是否只用于动词后的宾语从句2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.
50、That D.Where 1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 名词性从句练习名词性从句练习50题：题：3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.A.Which;belong to B.As,belonged to C.What;belonging to D.It;belonging to4.Its known to us all _ a form of e
